2008年5月28日星期三

Sydney Pollack

Sydney Pollack, Director of High-Profile Hollywood Movies, Is Dead at 73

By MICHAEL CIEPLY

Mr. Pollack defined an era with star-laden movies like “The Way We Were,” “Tootsie” and “Out of Africa.”

Filmography | Times Topics | Speak, ‘Tootsie’ (March 2, 2008)

Sydney Pollock, as Talent Agent in ‘Tootsie’

The director and sometime actor Sydney Pollock died Monday at 73. In perhaps his most memorable acting scene, from his cross-dressing comedy “Tootsie,” he played the agent to Dustin Hoffman’s struggling actor before he (Hoffman) decides to become a “she” (language advisory):

林紓

維基百科，自由的百科全書 (hc稍微增益)

林紓（1852年 11月8日－1924年 10月9日），原名群玉，字琴南，號畏廬，別署冷紅生，福建閩縣（福州）人，古文家，翻譯家。

[編輯] 生平

林紓少孤家貧，自幼嗜書如命，五歲時在私塾旁聽，感動過私孰教師。自言「四十五以內，匪書不觀」，「雜收斷簡零篇用自磨治」，校閱古籍二千餘卷。林紓崇尚程朱理學，自言讀程朱二氏之書「篤嗜如飫粱肉」，但卻又能看清「宋儒嗜兩廡之冷肉，凝拘攣曲局其身，盡日作禮容，雖心中私念美女顏色，亦不敢少動」的虛偽。

林紓性情急躁，思想屬保守派，與當時新文化運動的領袖如陳獨秀、胡適等人意見相左。其實林紓並不反對白話，他還寫過白話詩，他只是反對盡廢古文。林紓稱胡適是「左右校長而出」的「秦二世」。不過胡適對林紓的成績仍有正面的評價，《五十年來中國之文學》文中提到：「古文不曾做過長篇的小說，林紓居然用古文譯了一百多種長篇的小說。古文裡有很少滑稽的風味，林紓居然用古文譯了歐文和狄更斯的作品。古文不長於寫情，林紓居然用古文譯了《茶花女》與《迦因小傳》等書。古文的應用，自司馬遷以來，從沒有這種大的成績。」

琴南不諳外語，不能讀外國原著，只能「玩索譯本，默印心中」，後來他與王壽昌、魏易、王慶驥、王慶通等人合作，翻譯外國小說，曾筆述英、法、美、比、俄、挪威、瑞士、希臘、日本和西班牙等國的作品。林紓譯書的速度極快，他自己曾經形容「耳受手追，聲已筆止」，當然也有不少失誤，林紓自己也把責任推掉：「鄙人不審西文，但能筆達，即有訛錯，均出不知」（《西利亞郡主別傳·序》）。甚至把許多極好的劇本，譯成了小說，鄭振鐸曾指出：「如莎士比亞的劇本《亨利第四》、《雷差得紀》Richard II、《亨利第六》、《凱撒遺事》《亨利第五記》以及易卜生的《群鬼》（梅孽）都是被他譯得變成了另外一部書了。」林紓與魏易合作完成美國作家斯托夫人的《黑奴吁天錄》（1901年），他在書前的「例言」說：「是書開場、伏脈、接筍、結穴，處處均得古文家義法」。

林紓一生著譯甚豐，稿酬如潮，他的好友陳衍（石遺）戲稱他的書房是「造幣廠」。根據錢鍾書的觀察，在譯完《離恨天》（1913年）之前，林譯本十之七八都很出色，後期的譯筆逐漸退步，無甚趣味。

[編輯] 譯文賞析

大偉考伯菲而曰：余在此一部書中，是否為主人翁者，諸君但逐節下觀，當自得之。余欲自述余之生事，不能不溯源而筆諸吾書。余誕時在禮拜五夜半十二句鐘，聞人言，鐘聲丁丁時，正吾開口作呱呱之聲。（Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show. To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o'clock at night. It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.）

[編輯] 譯作一覽

維基文庫中相關的原始文獻：

巴黎茶花女遺事

《巴黎茶花女遺事》，法國小仲馬，林紓、王壽昌合譯（1895）
《吟邊燕語》，莎士比亞著 Tales From Shakespear by Charles Lamb and Mary Lamn，林紓、魏易合譯。（1903）
《伊索寓言》，希臘伊索（1903）
《利俾瑟戰血餘腥記》林紓、曾宗鞏譯（1904）
《黑奴籲天錄》，即《湯姆叔叔的小屋》，美國斯托夫人，林紓、魏易合譯（1905）
《迦因小傳》，英，哈葛德(H·R·Haggard)（1905）
《埃及金字塔剖屍記》，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯（1905）
《英孝子火山報仇錄》，林紓、魏易合譯（1905）
《鬼山狼俠傳》，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯（1905）
《斐洲煙水愁城錄》，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯（1905）
《玉雪留痕》，林紓、魏易合譯（1905）
《埃斯蘭情俠傳》，林紓、魏易合譯（1905）
《撒克遜劫後英雄略》（1905）
《洪罕女郎傳》，林紓、魏易合譯（1906）
《霧中人》，英國哈葛德，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯（1906）
《蠻荒志異》，英國哈葛德著，林紓、曾宗鞏（1906）
《橡湖仙影》，英國哈葛德著，林紓、魏易合譯（1906）
《紅礁畫槳錄》，英國哈葛德著，林紓、魏易合譯（1906）
《海外軒渠錄》，英國斯威夫特，林紓、魏易合譯（1906）Gulliver Travels
《拊掌錄》，英國歐文，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）The Sketch Book
《金風鐵雨錄》，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《滑稽外史》，英國狄更斯，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《劍底鴛鴦》，英國司各德，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《神樞鬼藏錄》，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《旅行述異》，英國歐文，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《大食故宮餘載》，英國歐文，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）The Alhambra
《空谷佳人》，英國博蘭克巴勒著，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《雙孝子喋血酬恩記》，英國大畏克司蒂穆雷著，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《孤星淚》，法國囂俄（雨果）著，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《旅行述異》，英國歐文，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《愛國二童子傳》，法國沛那，林紓、李世中合譯（1907）
《花因》，林紓、魏易合譯（1907）
《孝女耐兒傳》，英國狄更斯，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《賊史》，英國狄更斯，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）Oliver Twist
《塊肉餘生錄》，英國狄更斯，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《塊肉餘生述後編》，英國狄更斯，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《新天方夜譚》，斯蒂文森（1908）
《髯刺客傳》，柯南達利著，英國柯南達利，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《恨綺愁羅記》，柯南達利著，英國柯南達利，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《電影樓臺》，柯南達利著，英國柯南達利，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《蛇女士傳》，柯南達利著，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《西北亞郡主別傳》，馬支孟德著，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《荒唐言》，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯（1908）
《大俠繁露傳》，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《鐘乳骷髏》，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯（1908）
《不如歸》，日本德富健次郎著，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）Nami-Ko 1904 英文轉譯
《黑太子南征錄》，英國柯南達利，林紓、魏易合譯（1909）
《璣司刺虎記》，英國哈葛德著，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1909）
《藕孔避兵錄》，英國斐立伯倭本翰著，林紓、魏易合譯（1909）
《西奴林娜小史》，安東尼‧霍普，林紓、魏易合譯（1909）
《蘆花餘孽》，林紓、魏易合譯（1909）
《慧星奪婿案》，林紓、魏易合譯（1909）
《歇洛克奇案開場》，英國柯南道爾
《玉樓花劫》，法國大仲馬（1908）
《凱撒遺事》，英國莎士比亞
《鸇巢記》，瑞士威斯
《鬼山狼俠傳》，英國哈葛德
《洞冥記》，菲爾丁
《梅孽》，挪威易卜生的
《魯濱孫飄流記》（RobinSon Crusoe），英國笛福，林紓、曾宗鞏譯
《利俾瑟戰血餘腥記》林紓、曾宗鞏譯
《美洲童子萬里尋親記》，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯
《天囚懺悔錄》，林紓、魏易合譯（1908）
《脂粉議員》，林紓、魏易合譯（1909）
《三千年豔屍記》，英國哈葛德著，林紓、曾宗鞏合譯（1910）
《古鬼遺金記》，英國哈葛德著，林紓、陳家麟譯（1912）
《離恨天》，森彼得著，林紓、王慶驥合譯（1913）
《哀吹錄》，法國巴魯薩（巴爾扎克）著，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1915）
《薄辛郎》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1915）
《鷹梯小豪傑》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1916）
《織錦拒婚》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1916）
《香鉤情眼》，林紓、王慶通合譯（1916）
《奇女格露枝小傳》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1916）
《橄欖山》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1916）
《詩人解頤語》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1916）
《社會聲影錄》，林紓、陳家麟（1917）
《癡郎幻影》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1918）
《現身說法》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1918）
《恨樓情絲》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1919）
《鐵匣頭顱》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1919）
《賂史》，英國亞波倭得著，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1920）
《顫巢記》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1920）
《金梭神女再生緣》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1920）
《歐戰春閨夢》（續編），林紓、陳家麟合譯（1920）
《戎馬書生》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1920）
《炸鬼記》，英國哈葛德著，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1921）
《僵桃記》，林紓、毛文鐘合譯（1921）
《馬妒》，林紓、毛文鐘合譯（1921）
《雙雄義死錄》法國預勾（雨果），林紓、毛文鐘合譯（1921）
《情海疑波》，林紓、林凱合譯（1921）
《魔俠傳》，即《唐吉訶德》，林紓、陳家麟合譯（1922）
《矐目英雄》，林紓、毛文鐘合譯（1922）
《情翳》，林紓、毛文鐘合譯（1922）
《情天補恨錄》，林紓、毛文鐘合譯（1924）

[編輯] 參考

錢鍾書《林紓的翻譯》
鄭振鐸《林琴南先生》
張俊才《林紓評傳》南開大學北京中華 2007
韓洪舉《林譯小說研究》，中國社會科學出版社2005年7月出版。
《林紓研究資料》福建人民

「林紓的翻譯」有一段話：「漢代文字學者許慎有一節關於翻譯的訓詁，義蘊頗為豐富。《說文解字》卷十二《口》部第二十六字：『囮』，譯也。從『口』，『化』聲。率鳥者系生鳥以來之，名曰『囮』，讀若『訛』。南唐以來，小學家都申說『譯』就是『傳四夷及鳥獸之語』，好比『鳥媒』對『禽鳥』的引『誘』，『言為』、『訛』、『化』和『囮』，是同一個字。」《林紓的翻譯》談論的重點不是「化」，而是翻譯這門藝業不能迴避的「訛」。

「寧可讀林紓的譯本，不樂意讀哈葛德Henry Rider Haggard1856-1925 的原文」的結論，理由是「林紓的中文文筆比哈葛德的原文很笨重，對話更呆蠢板滯，尤其是冒險小說裡的對話，把古代英語和近代語言雜拌一起。……林紓的譯筆說不上工致，但大體上比哈葛德的輕快明爽」。

2008年5月27日星期二

Charles Brenner, Psychoanalyst

Charles Brenner, Psychoanalyst, Dies at 94

By BENEDICT CAREY

Published: May 22, 2008

Dr. Charles Brenner, who reigned for nearly a half-century as the dean of American psychoanalysis, working to clarify, refine and fiercely defend its core principles, died Monday in Manhattan. He was 94.

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Tony Cenicola/The New York Times

Dr. Charles Brenner in 2007.

His death followed an emergency medical procedure at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell hospital to relieve internal bleeding, said his niece Mary Brown.

A neurologist by training, Dr. Brenner applied to psychoanalysis a ruthless scientific intellect that helped clarify Freud’s canon for working therapists and students and eventually led him to formulate a theory of motivation that has had a profound effect on analytic treatment.

His 1955 book, “An Elementary Textbook of Psychoanalysis,” became a standard reference in training programs and sold more than a million copies, becoming the best-selling text on psychoanalysis by someone other than its inventor.

His landmark 1964 text, with Dr. Jacob A. Arlow, “Psychoanalytic Concepts and Structural Theory,” extended Freudian thinking to argue that patients should understand not only the mental barriers underlying their distress, but also exactly which thoughts were being blocked — say, a self-sabotaging guilt about success or an urge to be punished for feeling pleasure.

In a break from strict orthodoxy, Dr. Brenner argued that Freud’s concepts of the ego, the id, and the superego were just that, concepts, and that the engine of human motivation was more like a psychological calculator, continuously computing ratios of pleasure versus pain: the gratification that would come from a love affair, for instance, versus the risk of discovery and abiding ache of guilt.

In analytic therapy, patients could reach a compromise between incompatible wishes that resolved some of the distress and was useful, Dr. Brenner argued.

“He was a creative, elegant thinker who was very much in the Freudian tradition but never entirely a company man,” said Dr. George J. Makari, a psychiatrist at Columbia University and author of the book “Revolution in Mind: The Creation of Psychoanalysis.” Even late in life, Dr. Makari added, “he was still proposing some radical reforms.”

Through it all, Dr. Brenner, revered in some quarters as almost a surrogate for Freud, defended Freud’s legacy against skeptics and other reformers with withering certainty. He became, in the words of the writer Janet Malcolm, “the intransigent purist of American psychoanalysis.”

Dr. Owen Renik, an analyst in private practice in San Francisco, called Dr. Brenner “an unusually clear thinker who simply had no use for empty theorizing.”

. “Unfortunately, dialectical interchange was not Charlie’s forte; he tended to be dismissive of points of view different from his own,” Dr. Renik continued. “As a result, there was a limit to the extent to which his thinking evolved. Nonetheless, much of it has enduring value.”

And so it was, scholars say, with psychoanalysis itself, which for years refused to adapt to an onslaught of findings from cognitive psychology, pharmacology and neuroscience — and which, despite enduring insights into human behavior, has lost much of its authority in psychiatry and with the public.

Charles Brenner was born in Boston on Nov. 18, 1913, one of two sons of Sam Brenner, an immigrant from Ukraine who became a lawyer, and his wife, Ann, a schoolteacher. The boy was not a late bloomer: he graduated from Boston Latin School at 14, and from Harvard at 18, cum laude in chemistry.

After earning a medical degree, also at Harvard, and doing his residency and internship in Boston, Dr. Brenner turned his attention to the still-emerging field of psychiatry, which in the United States was dominated by European émigrés and smitten by the ideas of Freud.

Dr. Brenner trained at the Boston Psychoanalytic Society and Institute and held neurology appointments at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia. He also served, from 1944 to 1950, as an associate attending psychiatrist at Montefiore Medical Center.

He quickly became a fixture in New York psychoanalytic circles, taking sides in just about every major debate in the field and positions at the New York Psychoanalytic Society, the American Psychoanalytic Association and the New York Psychoanalytic Institute, where he was an instructor and supervising analyst for much of his career.

He looked the part of the establishment analyst: an austere presence, meticulous in speech and dress, he fully embodied a formal Yankee prototype the way an immigrant’s son can. But behind the formality was a warmth and loyalty he extended to all who responded to his teaching and ideas.

“He was a wonderful and generous teacher who trained many analysts and was always available,” said Dr. Arnold Rothstein, a psychoanalyst in New York.

Dr. Brenner’s wife of 66 years, Erma, who worked with children, died in 2001. His daughter, Elsa Brenner Cohen, died in 2005.

He is survived by another daughter, Lucy Biven of Leicester, England; a son-in-law, Roger Cohen of Milwaukee; three grandchildren, Laura Biven of Washington; Peter Biven of London; and Robert Cohen of San Carlos, Calif.; a nephew, Charles Brenner of Oakland, Calif.; and two nieces, Ms. Brown of New York, and Elizabeth Brenner of Redwood City, Calif.

In an interview late in his career, Dr. Brenner was asked about the future of psychoanalysis, and he answered that it would always hold promise for those interested in the mind.

“It worked for me, you know,” he said. “So I think it can work for other people, too. But I may be all wrong, you never know. But that has been my experience in science in general.”

2008年5月20日星期二

http://www.misterrob.co.uk/

【文／胡文】
▼名人部落格
說到剪紙，許多人腦海裡立刻湧現的大概是過年飾品，主調為大紅色，圖樣來自中國民間故事人物、動物，或者雙喜、招財進寶等字樣。正因對剪紙如此熟悉，所以當看到西方將藝術作品商業化的路線時，不免驚訝運用範圍可以這麼多元，本來以為婆婆媽媽的民俗手工藝，現在搖身一變成為文化創意產業一份子了。
做這些手工細活兒的，既非姑娘也非大嬸，而是個戴黑框眼鏡、看起來有點怪叔叔模樣的西方大鬍子羅伯‧萊恩(http://rob-ryan.blogspot.com/)他從倫敦皇家藝術學院畢業後，本業從事版畫、絹印，卻因機緣巧合踏入剪紙，沒想愈做愈上手且以此聞名。對他而言，剪刀一如畫筆，是表達平常不能、不敢外顯情感的工具，透過一雙巧手，搭配心底話般的獨白文字，處處流露細膩情感，無論就藝術面或商業面來說，都是好作品。
■無心插柳的活動
作品讓人感受到性格內向、害羞、細膩的萊恩，在部落格話很少，幾乎以圖為主，文字僅簡單交代這是什麼東西、為誰做的，然而在2008年3月3日，他卻主動辦了個活動，維持一貫小心客氣的語氣說：「我知道現在已經三月了，不過如果有人喜歡08年桌曆的話，請來信附回郵信封，我會將它寄給你。」結果，這一小篇公告，立刻引來各地愛好者留言索取，令他稍後不得不回覆：「請住在英國的朋友附上回郵就好，至於英國以外地區的，就別管複雜的郵資了，我們照寄。」兩個禮拜後全部索取一空，萊恩連告示也用剪紙做，從頭到尾皆充滿「藝術家性格」。雖然這只是小事件，精神卻值得企業辦行銷活動時學習，想想看，假使要「清庫存」，可不可以同時做到免

2008年5月13日星期二

Irena Sendler

Irena Sendler, Lifeline to Young Jews, Is Dead at 98

By DENNIS HEVESI

Published: May 13, 2008

Irena Sendler, a Roman Catholic who created a network of rescuers in Poland who smuggled about 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto in World War II, some of them in coffins, died Monday in Warsaw. She was 98.

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Katarina Stoltz/Reuters

Irena Sendler in March 2007.

The death was confirmed by Stanlee Stahl, executive vice president of the Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, an organization that supports rescuers of Holocaust victims.

Mrs. Sendler was head of the children’s bureau of Zegota, an underground organization set up to save Jews after the Nazis invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939. Soon after the invasion, approximately 450,000 Jews, about 30 percent of Warsaw’s population, were crammed into a tiny section of the city and barricaded behind seven-foot-high walls.

On April 19, 1943, the Nazis began what they expected would be a rapid liquidation of the ghetto. It took them more than a month to quell the Warsaw ghetto uprising. By then, only about 55,000 Jews were still alive; most of them were sent to death camps.

Also by then, however, Mrs. Sendler’s group of about 30 volunteers, mostly women, had managed to slip hundreds of infants, young children and teenagers to safety.

“She was the inspiration and the prime mover for the whole network that saved those 2,500 Jewish children,” Debórah Dwork, the Rose professor of Holocaust history at Clark University in Massachusetts, said Monday. Professor Dwork, the author of “Children With a Star” (Yale University Press, 1991), said about 400 children had been directly smuggled out by Mrs. Sendler.

Elzbieta Ficowska, a baby in 1942, was one of them. “Mrs. Sendler saved not only us, but also our children and grandchildren and the generations to come,” Ms. Ficowska told The Associated Press last year.

There were several ruses by which the children were saved. Mrs. Sendler was a social worker for the city, with a pass that allowed her to enter the ghetto. “The Jews were all disease carriers, as far as the Nazis were concerned,” Professor Dwork said. “They put up quarantine signs throughout the ghetto.” Forgeries of the government pass allowed other members of Zegota to enter the ghetto as well. They went in day after day to persuade Jewish parents to let them rescue children.

The most common escape route, Professor Dwork said, was through the Warsaw Municipal Law Courts, which abutted the ghetto.

“There were underground corridors that had entrances on the ghetto side,” she said. “The Polish police were bribed to allow the traffic. Parents were told to dress the children as well as possible, certainly without wearing a star.”

For a time, the ghetto’s boundaries extended to the Jewish cemetery. “Some children were placed in coffins, their mouths taped, or they were sedated so they wouldn’t cry,” said Ms. Stahl, of the Jewish foundation. “Other children were smuggled out in potato sacks.”

Sometimes an ambulance wagon, with a driver accompanied by a dog, took children through the gates. “Children were under the floorboard,” Ms. Stahl said. “The barking dog would drown out a child’s cries.”

A church straddled the ghetto border. “Children would be taken into the church, go into the confessional, and come out with papers as a little Catholic,” Ms. Stahl said. They would be taken to a Christian home, a convent or an orphanage.

In a letter last year to the Polish Senate after her country finally honored her efforts, Mrs. Sendler wrote, “Every child saved with my help and the help of all the wonderful secret messengers, who today are no longer living, is the justification of my existence on this earth, and not a title to glory.”

In 1965, Mrs. Sendler became one of the first of the so-called righteous gentiles honored by the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem. Poland’s Communist leaders did not allow her to travel to Israel; she was presented the award in 1983.

Irena Krzyzanowska was born in Otwock, in what is now Poland, on Feb. 15, 1910. Her father was a physician. Her marriage to Mieczyslaw Sendler ended in divorce after World War II. Her second husband, Stefan Zgrzembski, died before her. She is survived by her daughter, Janka, and a granddaughter.

Mrs. Sendler once told Ms. Stahl that she wanted to write a book about the bravery of Jewish mothers.

“She said,” Ms. Stahl recalled, “ ‘Here I am, a stranger, asking them to place their child in my care. They ask if I can guarantee their safety. I have to answer no. Sometimes they would give me their child. Other times they would say come back. I would come back a few days later and the family had already been deported.’ ”

Wikipedia article "Irena Sendler"

【5月13日 AFP】第2次世界大戦中、ナチス（Nazi）・ドイツ占領下のポーランドで、ユダヤ人居住区（ゲットー）から子ども2500人をひそかに逃がし、その命を救ったことで知られるIrena Sendlerさんが12日、ワルシャワ（Warsaw）で死去、98歳。

　Sendlerさんは、大戦以前からソーシャルワーカーとして、ワルシャワの貧しいユダヤ人家族のために働いていたが、1939年のドイツ侵攻後、非常に大きな危険を冒しながらも、ゲットーでナチスに捕らわれていたユダヤ人の手助けをしていた。

　42年の終わり頃、Sendlerさんはユダヤ人を援助する反ナチス抵抗運動組織「ジェゴタ（Zegota）」に加わり、この頃から、ゲットーの子どもたちをひそかに逃がすという極めて困難な活動を開始。ほぼ確実に死が待ち受けていたユダヤ人の子ども2500人を救った。(c)AFP

2008年5月11日星期日

高行健(1)

不踐前人舊行跡──側訪高行健

【聯合報╱張輝誠】

2008.05.12 03:45 am

高行健，與其單純視之為傑出文學家，毋寧稱譽他為藝術家，並且是思想深刻的藝術家，或許更為貼切。

高行健兼擅小說、戲劇、繪畫、論述，此次受國立台灣藝術大學之邀，相隔六年再度訪台，公開演講外，並發表新書《論創作》、第一部電影藝術長片《側影或影子》與畫展。《論創作》收錄高氏近年總結藝術創作思考所得，結合具體創作實踐，討論創作美學；電影《側影或影子》原為法國馬賽市拍攝高行健紀錄短片計畫，後增變成為一部高行健冀盼多年的理想電影作品；畫展「墨深‧境遠」則展出近年新作，以傳統水墨黑白經營看似具象卻又抽象的圖像。

藝術創作的起點並無規矩

高行健認為藝術創作的起點並無規矩，但首重自由，包括人身與思想的自由，過去他提倡「沒有主義」，即要擺落一切意識形態強加在人身上的認識與框架。藝術創作必須超越流派，回到個人角度，重新認識一切，找到適當而獨特的形式加以表述。

以文學為例，高行健說：「作家必須超越政治利害之上、超越市場，獨立不移，回到個人，用作家個人的眼睛看世界，探求摸索人類的生存環境與人內心世界的真相，回到對人及其生存困境的見證，訴諸自己真切感受，感受生命脈動，而非人民的代言。作家，歸根結柢，得是人性的見證者，而文學作品之所以能夠超越時空、國界、語種，乃因深深透出的人性乃是人類普遍相通。」在小說創作中，高行健尋得獨特形式表現，即捨棄了寫實小說中所著重的情節設計和人物刻畫，並在現代小說中所凸顯的敘述者與敘述角度基礎上，發現不管是傳統全知全能的敘述者或現代特定的敘述角度，落實到敘述語言，主語卻只有我、你、他，小說的敘述語言引入三個不同人稱去指稱同一人物，可獲得對人的自我一種新的全方位的認識。高行健即以此新的認識，創作小說《靈山》。他說：「同一部小說裡，我你他的建構也就成了小說的結構，從而替代一般的故事情節，甚至可以引入人物思考，而人物的議論與反思與冥想，回憶與夢境與幻覺，都可以交織串聯，文體也可以自由變換，結構靈活，散文和詩也都可以融入到小說的敘述中。」

幽微心理活動也能成戲

高行健對戲劇的重新認識，在於傳統戲劇至少得有一個貫串的動作，若干人物構成矛盾與衝突，從而形成起伏跌宕的情節，有高潮，到結局，一個事件貫串全劇。高行健卻發現其實任何動作放慢放大來看，都有一個過程，如果就某一過程來寫戲的話，不必一定要造成衝突、構成事件，哪怕僅是幽微心理活動，例如瀕臨死亡的內心活動，只要能展示這個活動過程，又能通過表演呈現於舞台，便也能成戲，這種認識大大開拓戲劇的題材和表現力。

高行健說：「對戲劇的重新認識自然打破那種客廳戲劇的格局，也把戲劇從模擬現實日常生活場景狹窄的框架中解放出來。如果對表演觀察更細緻，會發現演員和角色之間還潛藏中性演員狀態，即演員要進入角色前得先淨化自己，把日常生活中聲音語調和舉止清理掉，高度凝神提氣，準備進入角色的中性狀態。如果把這種中性演員的身分在舞台上確認下來，並非演員本我，亦不是角色，而是中性身分。這種狀態猶如說書人，隨時都可以進入他述說的人物，扮演書中角色，轉眼之間，又可以回到說書人身分，何等自由。」高行健許多劇作即在此等對戲劇新的認識下創作而成。高行健說：「劇作家比他同時代的哲學家多一種方便，可以通過他的人物去表達他對社會、對時代和對人生的認識，而擺脫政治和道德的禁錮。」

繪畫遊於具象與抽象之間

對於繪畫，高行健主觀排斥寫實畫風，但對純粹抽象畫風卻也不甚認同，因此他選擇了遊於具象與抽象之間，高行健說：「必須重新找尋繪畫的起點，找回形象，但我不想再描摹自然，得走一條相反過程，從內心出發，因為內心視象沒有景深，幾何的分解和拓樸的模型都達不到，又總在遊移，需要追蹤。內心視象在物理的空間之外，又在時間之內，凝神與遊思，有無限深趣。」最終高行健選用中國傳統水墨材料，結用西方抽象繪畫觀念，創作出充滿內心視象，飽含提示與暗示，滿溢意識與境界的獨特風格畫作。

高行健說：「我的畫不同於抽象表現的隨意與情緒宣洩，畢竟仍有形象作為依據，但又不同於中國筆墨情趣寫意，仍要講究造型，只是這些造型更微妙，剛剛喚起圖像，但不去確定細節，似像非像，一眼難以看盡，發人深省，令人玄思。」

《側影或影子》為放棄敘事的電影詩

對於第一部創作電影《側影或影子》，放映會後的座談，高行健特別指出他如何重新認識電影元素，傳統電影是由畫面和聲音二元結構組成，但他認為應該將語言從聲音中分出，成為三元電影。高行健說：「所謂三元電影，指的是畫面、聲音和語言三者的獨立自主，又互為補充、組合或對比，從而產生新的涵義。基於這種認識，聲音和語言便不只是電影的附屬手段，從屬於畫面，三者分別都可以作為主導，形成相對獨立的主題，其他二者，或互相補充，或互為對比。電影也就成為這三種手段複合的藝術，而不只是一味以畫面為主導，由畫面決定一切。」電影《側影或影子》即是基於此認識而完成，影片展示主角高行健從事創作過程（畫、戲劇、歌劇），從作畫、排戲到展覽與演出，並將醞釀構思的心理狀態交織一起，想像與現實虛實疊合。

高行健解釋說：「片名《側影或影子》的側影代表你，象徵對話；影子代表他，象徵思考；片中男主角即是我，象徵活動。三者你我他正是人類思維的深層結構。影片完全放棄敘事，借助於畫面、音樂和語言自身構成的涵義，喚起觀眾的共鳴與聯想，也就超越紀實的背景。觀眾可以根據自身的經驗和感受加以詮釋，可以視之為電影詩或現時代的寓言。」

《論創作》為高行健對藝術創作的整體思考與表述

新書《論創作》，則是高行健將自己的藝術創作做一整體思考與表述，強調藝術家的美學，乃從感性和感覺出發，從情緒出發，乃至從下意識出發，從這些心理活動出發來把握美的誕生。高行健說：「美離不開感知的主體這人，美感和情感一樣發自這主體人，客觀的美存在與否只是一個哲學問題，對藝術創作而言沒有意義。藝術家的美學乃是去推動美的誕生，研究美發生的條件，或者探討還有哪些新的可能性，從而激發新鮮的藝術經驗，容納到恰當的形式中去，為藝術創作開拓新的方向。」

循著高行健在台行程，聽演講、看影展、觀畫作，每有機會便於會場提問或當面請教，過程中高先生每問必答，態度謙虛隨和，毫無大師架式，且答問時思路敏捷清晰，前後一致，既深刻又精采。高先生始終強調孤獨且獨立不移的精神，藝術創作無須依靠媒體、市場，強調創作者的新鮮感受和思考，不斷反省各項藝術的本質，從中尋得新的表述方式。這種對獨立精神的掌握以及求新求變的態度，正是高先生不斷在各種藝術創作活動中推陳出新、獨出一格的動力來源，幾幾乎就是「不踐前人舊行跡，獨驚斯世擅風流」。

Marcel Reich-Ranicki

peevish

Wikipedia article "Marcel Reich-Ranicki".

マルツェル・ライヒ＝ラニツキ（Marcel Reich-Ranicki, 1920年 6月2日ヴウォツワヴェク）はポーランド出身のドイツの文芸評論家。マルセル・ライヒ＝ラニツキ、ラニツキーとも表記される。グルッペ47(Gruppe 47)の一人。ユダヤ系。ドイチェ・ツァイト、フランクフルター・アルゲマイネなどで論評する。

[編集] 著作

"Deutsche Literatur in Ost und West"（東西ドイツの文学）(1983年)
「とばりを降ろせ、愛の夜よ　20世紀ドイツ文学7人のパイオニア」（丘沢静也／訳、岩波書店、2004年7月）
「わがユダヤ・ドイツ・ポーランド　マルセル・ライヒ＝ラニツキ自伝」（西川賢一／訳、柏書房、2002年3月）
「褐色の空の下で」（岡田浩平／編、郁文堂、1994年4月）

Literature | 10.05.2008

Chancellor Merkel Pays Tribute to Germany's "Literary Pope"

Angela Merkel and Marcel Reich-Ranicki at the award ceremony in Hamburg

Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: No longer fighting about who'll get the word: Angela Merkel and Marcel Reich-Ranicki

Chancellor Angela Merkel paid a tribute to Germany's best known and most feared literary critic who in many ways personified the restoration of cultural values in the country after World War II.

"The time is ripe to honor an icon," said Merkel in her speech praising the extraordinary career of Marcel Reich-Ranicki.

The German news magazine Stern awarded a lifetime achievement award to the 87-year-old literary critic at its annual gala event held for some 1,200 prominent guests at the Hamburg Schauspielhaus theatre on Friday.

"Reich-Ranicki's oeuvre is not simply the sum of all the powerfully eloquent eulogies and damning reviews in his 50-year career," Merkel said. "[He] inhabits culture and wants everybody else to participate in his passion."

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: As a young man, Reich-Ranicki spent three years in the Warsaw ghetto

For many Germans, Reich-Ranicki -- the son of a Polish Jew and grandson of a German rabbi, who spent three years in the Warsaw ghetto during World War II and later served as a volunteer in the Polish army -- symbolizes the way in which Germany managed to rebuild itself as a pluralist society after the horrors of the Nazi period.

He has also been seen as a beacon of high culture in a globalized society increasingly preoccupied with commercial success and mass-produced entertainment.

"My wife and I survived thanks to literature, poetry and music," the critic said in response to Merkel's speech.

After a brief stunt in the Polish Communist Party following the end of the war, Reich-Ranicki returned to Germany in 1958 to pursue what would be a stellar career and to become, in the words of a colleague, "Germany's most read, most feared, most observed, and therefore most hated literary critic."

Who would have thought?

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: At the age of 87, Reich-Ranicki is still an engaging public speaker

Visibly moved by the chancellor's speech, the critic -- who is often jokingly referred to as Germany's "literary pope" -- told an anecdote about how he once had dinner with young politician Angela Merkel in Bonn.

"She didn't let me get a word in edgewise," he said. "And that requires some skill."

In his long and prolific career, Reich-Ranicki has also become a media star, in part thanks to the popular, high-brow television show "Literary Quartet," in which 4 literary critics discussed and fought about the merits of contemporary literature.

His popularity and success, however, came to him as a bit of surprise.

"I never expected that I would one day become a literary critic in Germany," he said. "And I believe, Mrs. Merkel also never expected to become chancellor."

Merkel, who is a physicist by training, grew up in the former East Germany.

A bad-tempered star

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: When he didn't like a book, he made sure everybody heard that

Numerous talents, such as the poet Ulla Hahn, were either discovered or promoted by Reich-Ranicki over the years in which he has reigned as the supreme authority on German literary affairs. But many an established writer, too, has experienced the wrath of a peevish critic.

In 1995, Reich-Ranicki published his devastating account of Günter Grass' novel "Das weite Feld" (The wide field) describing the writing of the future Nobel prize winner as "illegible" and his novel as "worthless prose from the beginning to the end."

The public controversy over the role of the critic and the absolutist manner in which Reich-Ranicki is known to pronounce his judgments was further stirred up by the publication of Martin Walser's novel "Tod eines Kritkers" (The Death of a Critic) in 2002, a vaguely disguised pamphlet against the towering figure of German literary criticism which ends with his death.

"I am no judge, I am more of a public prosecutor or a defense lawyer," Reich-Ranicki said. "[I am also] the attorney for the authors that I am anxious to defend, and occasionally the prosecutor, but -- I must put it pompously -- on behalf of literature."

A man of 20th century

Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: Reich-Ranicki doesn't seem to have warmed up to the 21st century

In many ways, however, Reich-Ranicki remains a man of the past century.

When asked in a recent interview for his thoughts about the proliferation of lay criticism on the Internet and numerous reader reviews which appear on various commercial Web portals and online booksellers such as Amazon, he responded: "My dear, don't get mad at me, but I have no idea what you're talking about."

Germany's "literary pope" claims that he has never visited the Web site dedicated to his work (reich-ranicki.com) and that he never uses the Internet.

"When I need something from the Internet, I ask my secretary to get it for me," he said.

DW staff (tt)

In another photo, taken in December 1992 at the Poetry Center of the
92nd Street Y, where I introduced Grass at a reading from "The Call of
the Toad" — he read in German, and I followed with the English
translation — we are similarly dressed and appear to be the exact same
size. And there's one more photo, from Behlendorf — Grass's wife, Ute,
took the picture. My wife, Janet, and my youngest son, Everett, are
with us, and Günter is with his ever-present pipe and his dog; there's
a cow in the background. It was October 1995 — not long after the
famous cover photograph on Der Spiegel of that senile tyrant but
celebrated critic, Marcel Reich-Ranicki, ripping apart Grass's novel
"Ein Weites Feld." (Some journalists in Germany resented the marketing
of Grass's "Too Far Afield" as a political novel about German
"reunification" — as it was still called at the time.)

2008年5月10日星期六

港商謝瑞麟

香港著名珠寶商謝瑞麟父子被判刑

游客是香港珠寶店主要市場之一

曾被譽為香港"珠寶大王"的珠寶商人謝瑞麟因經濟罪名被判刑3年零3個月。

謝瑞麟及其兒子謝達峰等人被控向旅行社提供非法佣金、偽造賬目以及虧空公款等罪名，星期五（5月9日）在香港被判刑。

謝達峰被判刑5年，同案另外三名被告分別被判處3年零9個月至4年零3個月等刑期。

法官指出，謝瑞麟等人在數年期間，利用海外空殼公司，向旅行社提供了數以億元計的非法回佣，罪行嚴重。

但是法官表示謝瑞麟此前是一個頗受社會敬重的慈善家，而且如今年紀老邁健康欠佳，因此對他酌情給予較低刑期。

謝瑞麟今年71歲，他由金鋪學徒出身，在1971年成立謝瑞麟珠寶，1987年謝瑞麟珠寶更加成為香港第一家上市珠寶公司。

不過他後來投資失利，在2000年宣佈破產，謝瑞麟珠寶公司業務交給兒子謝達峰掌管。

他們父子因向旅行社提供非法佣金問題，經香港廉政公署調查，在2005年被逮捕並遭到起訴。

香港不少珠寶店都依賴遊客生意，由於中國內地遊客到香港普遍會選擇購買首飾，部分珠寶店嚮導遊提供佣金，讓後者帶旅行團來店鋪購物。

去年中央電視台曾曝光部分珠寶店以廉價商品冒充貴重首飾，賣給由導遊帶到珠寶店的內地遊客的事件。

謝瑞麟

維基百科，自由的百科全書

跳轉到: 導航, 搜尋

謝瑞麟（Tse Sui Luen，1936年－）是香港著名上市金行謝瑞麟珠寶（國際）有限公司（#0417）的創辦人及前主席，也是該公司現任主席謝達峰的父親。[1]

謝瑞麟生於廣東南海，1945年隨家人移居香港，居於九龍樂富老虎岩木屋區，13歲當金舖學徒，1971年正式成立「謝瑞麟珠寶有限公司」，1987年在香港聯交所上市，產品分銷至中國、美國、新加坡和泰國等市場，在2000年曾經破產，4年後洗底，回復自由身。[2]。

2008年 5月9日，謝瑞麟因2項串謀向旅行社代理提供利益、2項串謀偽造賬目、3項串謀盜竊，及1項串謀詐騙稅局等罪名被香港區域法院判處入獄3年零3個月；其子兼現任謝瑞麟珠寶（國際）有限公司主席謝達峰被判監5年；而另外3名公司高層則被判監3年9個月至4年3個月不等。

[編輯] 外部連線

這是關於企業家的小作品。你可以通過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。

2008年5月7日星期三

Benjamin Graham

Wikipedia article "Benjamin Graham".

Benjamin Graham: The Memoirs of the Dean of Wall Street.

《本杰明·格雷厄姆：华尔街院长回忆录》Benjamin Graham: The Memoirs Of The Dean Of Wall Street

作者：本杰明·格雷厄姆、西摩·查特曼（编辑）海南出版社 1999?

1894年出生于英国伦敦，卒于1976年

班傑明·格雷厄姆（Benjamin Graham,1894-1976），美國投資家。

A scholar and financial analyst who is widely recognized as the father of value investing. His famous book, "The Intelligent Investor", has gained recognition as one of the best and most important investment pieces written illustrating the fundamentals of a value-investing strategy.

Investopedia Says:
Graham had a profound influence on his pupil Warren Buffett, who would become the most famous investor of all time, in grad school at Columbia University. Graham instilled the fundamental principles of value investing into Buffett - principles upon which he relied to amass one of the world's largest personal fortunes.

Related Links:
Learn about the man who taught investing to the Oracle of Omaha, Warren Buffett. The Intelligent Investor: Benjamin Graham
Read about the achievements of those who have mastered the art of investing. The Greatest Investors
Learn nine simple rules to success from the talented Buffett, Gartman and Pearson. Financial Wisdom From Three Wise Men
Kick back and learn something new! These are 10 reads worth adding to your bookshelf. Books Worth Investing In
We provide some classic and lesser-known titles to add to your collection. Investing Books It Pays To Read
Balance risk and return to produce adequate income despite inflation. Build A Dividend Portfolio That Grows With You
We look at the Sage of Omaha's methodology for evaluating value stocks. Warren Buffett: How He Does It
We take a close look at the main principles the 'Oracle of Omaha' uses in assessing a company. What Is Warren Buffett's Investing Style?

[編輯] 經歷

班傑明·格雷厄姆1894年5月9日出生於英國倫敦，嬰兒的時候隨父母移居紐約。
1914年格雷厄姆從哥倫比亞大學畢業，同年夏天，格雷厄姆來到紐伯格·亨德森·勞伯公司做了一名信息員，不久被提升為證券分析師。
1920年格雷厄姆成為紐伯格·亨德森·勞伯公司的合伙人。
1923年年初，格雷厄姆離開了紐伯格·亨德森·勞伯公司。他成立了格蘭赫私人基金，資金規模為50萬美元。
在1929年9月5日開始的華爾街崩盤中，格雷厄姆幾乎到了破產的邊緣。
1934年年底出版《有價證券分析》(Security Analysis)。
1936年出版《財務報表解讀》。
1942年出版《智慧型股票投資人》(The Intelligent Investor )。

[編輯] 投資理論

[編輯] 橫斷法

橫斷法相當於現代的指數投資。

[編輯] 預期法

短期投資法：
成長股投資法：

[編輯] 安全邊際

安全邊際法是指投資於公司內在價值大於公司市值，並達到一定程度（即安全邊際）的公司。

任职机构

格雷厄姆·纽曼公司，1926-1960

上榜原因

本杰明·格雷厄姆是一名出众的投资经理人和金融教育家，被众人推崇为证券分析和价值投资之父。

他的两部奠基性著作，1934年与大卫·多德合著的《证券分析》以及1949年的《聪明的投资者》，被无数投资专家称作是有史以来最好的股票投资书籍。这两本书不断再版发行，并被作为投资方面的大学教程。

约翰.崔恩在自己的投资著作《财富大师》（The Money Masters，1980）中，对格雷厄姆的智慧及影响力作出了这样的评价：“本杰明·格雷厄姆是本世纪，乃至历史上，投资界最重要的思想家。他把投资从一门基于感官、内幕消息、和个人才华的艺术带到了近乎科学、有章可循的领域。他凭借过人的智慧、丰富的经历以及刻苦的钻研，潜心致力于投资研究，帮助那些迷信消息、臆测的投资者们走出困境。”

格雷厄姆也因是沃伦·巴菲特其他投资大家的导师而闻名。

个人简介

1895年，一岁的本杰明·格雷厄姆随家人从英国伦敦迁居到美国。随后分别在曼哈顿、布鲁克林和纽约生活。9岁时，父亲的去世使得格雷厄姆全家生活陷入困境。也正是童年的困苦经历，使格雷厄姆坚信获得财务安全是一生的当务之急。

他于1914年从哥伦比亚大学毕业，之后立即在华尔街的Newburger, Henderson & Loeb公司任职，职位为通讯员。1920年，格雷厄姆荣升为该公司的合伙人。

1926年，格雷厄姆联手杰罗姆·纽曼创建投资公司，并重回母校哥伦比亚大学授课直至1956年退休。有报道称格雷厄姆的个人资产也未能逃脱1929年的股市浩劫，但幸运的是，他与纽曼的公司却幸存下来，并且开始不断成长。到1956年结束时的平均年回报率为17%。

格雷厄姆从其经历中总结了许多宝贵经验，并在1934年出版了与大卫·多德合著了投资界经典之作《证券分析》。

投资风格

晨星公司的在线互动课程对格雷厄姆投资风格有过以下注释：

“1984年，沃伦·巴菲特重回哥伦比亚大学的讲台，发表了纪念《证券分析》问世50周年的演说。他在那次演说中介绍了自己和同门师兄们的投资经验，如：比尔·鲁安（Bill Ruane）、汤姆·科拿普（Tom Knapp）和沃特·斯科劳斯（Walter Schloss）。他们都曾在哥伦比亚大学师从格雷厄姆，都是股市叱诧风云的人物。巴菲特说，股票在数量和种类上有各种各样的组合，但唯一不变的就是遵循格雷厄姆的投资准则。”

寥寥数语是很难将本杰明·格雷厄姆的投资风格说清楚的，强烈建议读者们阅读《聪明的投资者》一书来更深入了解他的投资准则。

简单的说，格雷厄姆价值投资的精髓是：任何投资的价值都应当大大超出投资者所支付的价格。他信奉深入分析，也就是我们说的基本面分析。他投资那些有坚实的资产负债表，利润率高于平均水平，并且有丰富现金流的公司。

他创造了“安全边际”一词来解释他的常识性选股法则，既挑选那些暂时股价跌落，但是长期来看基本面牢靠的公司股票。任何投资的安全边际产生于其购买价格和内在价值之间的差距，两者差别越大（购入价低于实际价值），就越值得投资，无论从安全还是回报角度来看都是如此。投资界通常将这些情况称为低估值（如市盈率、市净率、市销率）倍数股票。

格雷厄姆还认为，市场估值（股价）往往是错误的。他著名的比喻“市场先生”解释一个简单的道理：股价相对于稳定的价值会有剧烈波动。市场的这一特点为聪明的投资者们提供了绝妙的机会，就是当股票价格骤跌的时候可以明智买入，当股价涨幅远超过内在价值时可以明智地卖出。

传世名言

“获得令人满意的投资回报比许多人想象的要容易，获得出众的投资回报则比看上去的要难。”

“由于大多数人骨子里倾向于投机或赌博，受愿望、恐惧和贪婪所左右，因此大多数时间里股票市场都是非理性的，容易有过激的股价波动。”

“即便是聪明的投资者也可能需要坚强的意志才能置身于“羊群”之外。”

“个人投资者应该自始自终做一名投资者而非投机者，这意味着，每一笔交易都能够被证明是合理的，买入的价格是基于非个人、客观的推理。”

“华尔街的专家们不去学习，还容易忘事。”

“认为普通大众可以通过预测市场来赚钱是可笑的。”

相关出版物

《证券分析》Security Analysis

作者：本杰明·格雷厄姆（1934）

《聪明的投资者》The Intelligent Investor

作者：本杰明·格雷厄姆（1949）

《本杰明·格雷厄姆：华尔街院长回忆录》Benjamin Graham: The Memoirs Of The Dean Of Wall Street

作者：本杰明·格雷厄姆、西摩·查特曼（编辑）

《格雷厄姆谈价值投资：来自华尔街院长的经验教训》

Benjamin Graham On Value Investing: Lessons From The Dean Of Wall Street

作者：詹尼特·洛维(1999)

2008年5月5日星期一

Don McLean

Don McLean (1945- )
Today's Highlights, October 2, 2005

Don McLean, the writer of one of America's favorite ballads, "American Pie," celebrates his 60th birthday today. The song topped the charts again in 2000, when it was recorded by Madonna. In 2001, "American Pie" was voted number 5 in a poll of the 365 "Songs of the Century" compiled by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts and, in February 2002, "American Pie" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Among McLean's other hits are "Vincent," "And I Love You So" and "Castles in the Air."

......聽到唐‧麥可林（Don Mclean）要在五月來台北的消息，我彷彿回到了初戀的心動，從我青春的日子以來，這個歌手的那張《美國派》精選黑膠唱片、錄音帶或CD，一直是我播放次數最多的音樂，不管是'American Pie'、'Castles in the Air'、'Vincent'、'And I Love You So'、'Fools Paradise'、'Crying'，這些歌都是我的靈魂之歌，永恆時光之歌。.....韓良露 2008.05.06

WiKipedia

唐·麥克林受到Buddy Holly與約翰·甘迺迪過世相當大的影響。在他私人的生活上，他忍受著父親在1961年過世後所帶來的痛苦。麥克林於1963年從Iona Preparatory School畢業，但是進入位於賓夕法尼亞州的Villanova University只不過四個後就休學了。稍後他進入了位於紐約的Iona College就讀夜校，並在1968年於此校獲得"工商管理"的學士學位。他在學校的活動中已經是一位很受歡迎的民謠歌手，在紐約藝術廳（New York State Council on the Arts）的獎金幫助之下，他開始接觸更多的大眾活動，在Hudson River附近的城鎮來回穿梭著。他從友人兼精神導師Pete Seeger那裡學習到了表演的藝術，麥克林在1969年隨著Seeger駕著他的船順著哈德遜河（Hudson River）而上，目的是伸張對此河流環保問題的主張。這個清水活動對於改善此河流的水質立下很大的功勞。^[1]

[編輯] 歌曲

[編輯] "American Pie"

主條目：American Pie

唐·麥克林最著名的創作 "American Pie"常被用來詮釋與形容Buddy Holly、Ritchie Valens與The Big Bopper在1959年2月3日飛機失事而死亡的事件。尤其是"那天就是音樂的祭日"（The Day the Music Died）這句歌詞最常被廣泛運用。麥克林也曾指出歌曲裡的詞句是他個人自傳，也抽象呈現他在50年代中期到60年代撰寫歌曲時的人生故事，^{[來源請求]}。根據家鄉傳說 "the levy" 是他家鄉的酒吧－靠近"Iona College" 的"Beechmont Tavern"。"American Pie" 這首歌的涵意象徵了在那時期不斷激化與激烈改變的流行音樂，導致之前在1950年代發展出以輕快愉悅為特色的搖滾樂，轉變成[[1960年]代晚期以黑暗、省思、憤世嫉俗與增加社會關注為主的類型，這樣的轉變是由社會劇烈的轉變與浮動的政治氣氛驅使而成，音樂在此其中當然也被捲入其中，且在60年代末期要為變化中的美國下個定義。^{[來源請求]}

唐·麥克林的 "American Pie" 也存在對於音樂三十多年來歷史的仔細觀察與哲學詮釋的議題，學者、現代美國文學的教授與他的歌迷仍繼續找尋著歌曲中更為深邃的意義。在訪問中麥克林逗趣的說到，有許多關於這首歌的詮釋其實是假設的，很多關於這首歌的說法與涵意，其實他根本沒有提過也從未證實過。^{[來源請求]}

American Pie

1971年発表。8分30秒の大作。アメリカのロック創世期に活躍したバディ・ホリー、リッチー・バレンズ、ザ・ビッグ・ボッパーなどが犠牲になった飛行機事故を題材にした曲である（曲中で繰り返される「The Day the Music Died」は、飛行機事故の当日をさしている）。

2000年に映画『2番目に幸せなこと』の主題歌としてマドンナにカバーされた。

[編集] Vincent

1972年発表。オランダ出身の画家、フィンセント・ファン・ゴッホにささげられた曲。ゴッホの伝記を読んだ1971年に書かれたという。「Starry Starry Night」という歌詞で始まるが、これはゴッホの「The Starry Night（邦題：星月夜）」という絵に由来する。

[編輯] 其他歌曲

麥克林其他為人所熟知的歌曲包括了：

"And I Love You So"，艾維斯·普萊斯里演唱版本。
"Vincent"，一首獻給19世紀的荷蘭畫家文生·梵谷的歌曲。
"Castles in the Air",，這首歌曲麥克林錄製過兩次，在1981年的重新錄製版本還登上暢銷排行榜的前四十名。
"Winterwood"
"Wonderful Baby"，一首獻給Fred Astaire由他本人錄音的歌曲
"Superman's Ghost"，一首獻給George Reeves這位在1950年代扮演電視版超人的男藝人之歌。

American Pie專輯收錄了一首歌曲Babylon是由麥克林與(The Weavers)的"Lee Hays"一同製作。樂團Boney M則在1978年將這首歌曲重新錄製為歌名Rivers of Babylon的版本，也在英國獲得了暢銷榜第一名的成績，不過這兩首歌的編曲與表現方式十分不同，以致於在聽到時不會隨即聯想這是同樣的一首歌。

在1980年，麥克林創作了一首由Roy Orbison演唱獲得全球第一名的暢銷經典歌曲 "Crying"，這首歌曲是先在海外發行取得成功後才在美國出版，成為了1981年前十名的暢銷作品。Orbison 本人曾說過麥克林是：" 本世紀的聲音。" ，並在之後再度錄製本歌曲且混合了麥克林的版本。

[編輯] 晚期作品

在1991年，麥克林的"American Pie"因為重新成為話題而再度回到英國金榜前二十名的排行上，這首歌在2000年又因為瑪丹娜重新編曲演唱而再度成為全球大熱門歌曲。

在2006年，他繼續著自己從美國延伸到歐洲的巡迴演唱活讀，新專輯Addicted to Black在這之後就會搭配他的自傳Killing Us Softly: The Don McLean Story一起發行。一位同樣也是歌手兼創作人的藝人"Lori Lieberman"，曾在演唱會看了麥克林演唱自己的創作 "Empty Chairs" ，之後就有感而發的寫下了一首名為 "Killing me softly with his blue"。藉此詩為靈感，之後兩位創作人Norman Gimbel/Charles Fox 也才寫出經典歌曲"Killing Me Softly with His Song。"

English

2008年5月3日星期六

《蘇格拉底的審判》The Trial of Socrates by I.F. Stone,

一本書的網：斯東（Stone）著《蘇格拉底的審判》（The Trial of Socrates）

也許1995年初讀本書中文本《蘇格拉底的審判》，受到極大的震憾。
2004/6/17重讀，仍然覺得受益匪淺。我當然可以找出牛津大學出版社翻譯本的許多問題和缺點，不過還是無可取代的。
這本書的內容很有意思和意義。
著者的一輩子很特別。
譯者也算是位文人。
出版社鼎鼎大名，本書牛津大學出版社還有一級不尋常的信息：All attempts to trace the copyright holder have proved unsuccessful. 我十年前猜原作者至少放棄該書的所有翻譯本之版權。
要寫「有內容、真誠」的介紹文章，可能太花我力氣（我打字很慢，錯字不少），所以就先將我作的引得告訴大家。

本文之圖為"The Death of Socrates" by Jacques-Louis David (1787)
取自英文文獻 Trial of Socrates Homepage
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/socrates/socrates.HTM

I‧F‧斯東（Stone）著《蘇格拉底的審判》（The Trial of Socrates by I.F. Stone，1988），（董樂山譯，香港：牛津大學出版社，1994；生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店1998年2月據港版重排初印）

I‧F‧斯東（Stone）最基本資料：
紐約時報周日雜誌1979年訪談錄
(This interview was originally published in The New York Times Magazine, April 8, 1979. Stone further developed his ideas about the Socrates trial and published them in his 1988 book, The Trial of Socrates.)
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/socrates/ifstoneinterview.html

紐約時報訃文
June 19, 1989 OBITUARY
I.F. Stone, Iconoclast of Journalism, Is Dead at 81
By PETER B. FLINT

hc查紐約時報 2008/05/04

...a work for amplified string quartet and tape based on a lecture and radio broadcasts by the iconoclastic writer I. F. Stone. Curiously, both composers told Mr. Schaefer that they had not intended to write politically charged works but that...

October 1, 2004 - By ALLAN KOZINN - Movies - 470 words
Trove of F.B.I. Files on Lawyers Guild Shows Scope of Secret Surveillance

One entry, dated April 14, 1954, was about I. F. Stone, who was described as being a writer from New York. Mr. Stone, it was noted, condemned Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's...

June 25, 2007 - By COLIN MOYNIHAN - New York and Region - 1148 words

The Watchdog

...Life and Times of Rebel Journalist I. F. Stone. By Myra MacPherson. Illustrated...Scribner. $35. THE BEST OF I. F. STONE Edited by Karl Weber. Introduction...wonderfully prolific journalist I. F. Stone have anything to offer to us today...

October 1, 2006 - By PAUL BERMAN - Arts - 2972 words

Up Front

...Life and Times of Rebel Journalist I. F. Stone,'' by Myra MacPherson, and ''The Best of I. F. Stone,'' edited by Karl Weber. Berman...book reviews and the obituary of I. F. Stone, the subject of Myra MacPherson...

October 1, 2006 - By The Editors - Arts - 297 words

OP-ED COLUMNIST; Phantom At The Opera

...campaign trope of Two Americas. After Mr. Edwards told George Stephanopoulos that ''The Trial of Socrates'' by I. F. Stone was ''a wonderful book,'' Bob Novak jumped on him, claiming that he had chosen a book by a ''radical'' journalist...

July 8, 2007 - By MAUREEN DOWD - Opinion - 755 words

The Dentist McCarthy Saw As a Threat To Security

Irving Peress was eating a pastrami sandwich in Katz's deli on the Lower East Side, devouring I.F. Stone's latest screed against McCarthyism, when a stranger leaned over conspiratorially from the next table. ''You're not afraid...

April 4, 2005 - By SAM ROBERTS - Washington - 1676 words
I. F. Stone, Iconoclast of Journalism, Is Dead at 81

LEAD: I. F. Stone, the independent, radical pamphleteer...lived for many years in Washington. I. F. Stone, the independent, radical pamphleteer...capstone was his muckraking newsletter, I. F. Stone's Weekly (1953 through 1968) and...

June 19, 1989 - By PETER B. FLINT - Obituaries - 1402 words
I. F. Stone's Legacy

...little need to rehearse the merits of I. F. Stone as reporter and advocate. The country...little need to rehearse the merits of I. F. Stone as reporter and advocate. The country...security affairs in peacetime. I. F. Stone retired in the 1970's, only to...

June 20, 1989 - Opinion - 366 words
600 Share Laughter and Memories At a Service Honoring I. F. Stone

...independent, radical journalist I. F. Stone, who died June 18, was recalled...independent, radical journalist I. F. Stone, who died June 18, was recalled...his muckraking newsletter, called I. F. Stone's Weekly and later I. F. Stone...

July 13, 1989 - By ERIC PACE - New York and Region - 580 words
Memorial Service for I. F. Stone

...the veteran Washington journalist I. F. Stone will be held at noon next Wednesday...the veteran Washington journalist I. F. Stone will be held at noon next Wednesday...service plans for the journalist I. F. Stone misstated the location of the Ethical...

July 6, 1989 - New York and Region - 54 words

2008年5月1日星期四

Ferdinand Mount, Cold Cream: My Early Life and Other Mistakes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sir William Robert Ferdinand Mount, 3rd Baronet (born 2 July 1939), known simply as Ferdinand Mount, is a British writer and novelist, columnist for The Sunday Times and commentator on politics, and Conservative Party politician. He was head of the policy unit in 10 Downing Street in 1982-83, during the time when Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister, and wrote the 1983 Tory general election manifesto. He is regarded as being on the One Nation or 'wet' wing of the party.

He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.

He succeeded his uncle as 3rd Baronet in 1993, but does not use the title. He is a cousin of the Conservative Party leader David Cameron, whose maternal grandfather was Sir William Mount, 2nd Baronet, the uncle whom he succeeded in the Baronetcy.

He was editor of the Times Literary Supplement from 1991, for 11 years.

He has written novels, including a six-volume novel sequence Chronicle of Modern Twilight centred on a low-key character Gus Cotton; the title alludes to the sequence A Chronicle of Ancient Sunlight by Henry Williamson, and another sequence entitled Tales of History and Imagination.

He lives in Islington. His son Harry Mount is also a journalist and his cousin Mary Cameron is mother of David Cameron, leader of the Conservative Party.

[edit] Works

Very Like a Whale (1967), novel
The Theatre of Politics (1972), novel
The Man Who Rode Ampersand (1975), novel, (Chronicle of Modern Twilight - 1)
The Clique (1978), novel
The Subversive Family: An Alternative History of Love and Marriage (1982)
The Practice of Liberty (1986), novel
The Selkirk Strip (1987), novel, (Chronicle of Modern Twilight - 2)
Of Love and Asthma (1991), novel, (Chronicle of Modern Twilight - 3), Winner of the Hawthornden Prize 1992
Communism (1992), editor
The British Constitution Now: Recovery or Decline? (1992)
The Recovery of the Constitution (Sovereignty Lectures) (1992)
Umbrella: A Pacific Tale (1994), novel, (Tales of History and Imagination - 1)
The Liquidator (1995), novel, (Chronicle of Modern Twilight - 4)
Jem (and Sam): A Revenger's Tale (1999), novel, (Tales of History and Imagination - 2)
Fairness (2001), novel, (Chronicle of Modern Twilight - 5)
Mind the Gap: Class in Britain Now (2004)
Heads You Win (2004), novel, (Chronicle of Modern Twilight - 6)
Private Life 21st Century (2006)
The Condor's Head (2007), novel

--~--~---------~--~----~------

Websites

A list of books by Sir Ferdinand Mount is available from Wikipedia. See also articles he wrote for Prospect magazine.

Book details

Cold Cream: My Early Life and Other Mistakes
By Ferdinand Mount

Bloomsbury; 384 pages; £20

Buy it at
Amazon.com
Amazon.co.uk

English memoirs

An invitation to the dance

May 1st 2008
From The Economist print edition

NOT everyone will approve of Ferdinand Mount's beautifully written, poignant and, at times, extremely funny memoir. Some will be irritated by the author's indefatigable name-dropping, others by his over-insistent self-deprecation. Both will be missing the point.

Mr Mount (although a baronet, he eschews the use of his title) describes himself at different points in his life as idle, supercilious, incompetent and emotionally retarded. Any advancement is the consequence of luck or patronage rather than effort or talent on his part. Yet he won a scholarship to Eton, achieved success in journalism both as a political columnist and editor of the Times Literary Supplement, headed Margaret Thatcher's Downing Street policy unit and is the author of several well-received novels.

He is, however, less interested in talking about himself than in describing the extraordinary people who have come his way in various settings from his childhood in Wiltshire in the period after the second world war through to Chelsea in the 1960s and, finally, the heart of government in the 1980s. Mr Mount is aided in this by family connections which provide a seemingly endless supply of interesting relations and their famous chums.

His mother, Lady Julia, is a Pakenham, the aristocratic family whose tentacles extend equally vigorously into the world of the arts. One of her sisters marries Henry Lamb (a painter friend of Augustus John), and another becomes the wife of Anthony Powell. Julia's brother, Frank, the seventh Earl of Longford, goes on to become a Labour leader of the House of Lords and celebrity prison visitor. During a dull weekend with friends near the Solent, Frank suddenly perks up—he can pop off to see Reggie Kray, a famous gangland murderer, in nearby Parkhurst jail. While on holiday at Tullynally Castle, the Pakenhams' ancestral home in Ireland, Mr Mount meets Sir Oswald Mosley; over a pint in a bar the old fascist reminisces loudly about the good old days, to nobody's great embarrassment.

The background of Mr Mount's father, Robin, is less distinguished but just as colourful. A gentleman steeplechaser who belongs to what his son calls “Hobohemia”, a “raffish subdivision of the upper class”, his principal hang-out is David Tennant's notorious Gargoyle Club in Soho, also a haunt of Dylan Thomas.

Although neither of Mr Mount's parents has any money, the idea of getting a job never occurs to them. Perhaps because he is poorer than almost everyone he knows, Mr Mount casts himself from an early age more as an observer than as a protagonist. It is difficult not to see him as Nicholas Jenkins, the placid narrator of Uncle Anthony's series of 12 novels, “A Dance to the Music of Time”. In it, characters come, go and then return later, often much changed for better or worse by fate and the passage of time. So too is it in “Cold Cream” (Mr Mount's mother, who died of cancer at the age of 42, was a generous user of the famous démaquillant made by Pond's that epitomised a certain kind of steadfast and fearless mid-20th-century English womanhood).

Students of political, as opposed to social, history, will be most interested by Mr Mount's account of his stint at Number 10 with Mrs Thatcher in her prime. He was there during the early 1980s, a period that encompassed the Falklands war and a second general election victory during which “Thatcherism” became a fully formed, albeit oddly inconsistent, ideology. Slightly to his own surprise, the posh, effete Mr Mount is thrilled by the prime minister's suburban certainties and high moral seriousness in combating the sophisticated pessimists who believed it was the job of government to manage the country's inexorable decline.

The author's insights into Mrs Thatcher's working methods and the strange clique of zealots who provided her with the intellectual confidence to change Britain are fascinating. However, what lingers most vividly in the memory is his affectionate, gently mocking and frequently moving evocation in the first third of the book of a period and a society that, though not long gone, seems now to be from an entirely different age.

2008年5月28日 星期三

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