While some commentators were quick to praise Maria Sharapova for her forthrightness, her explanation was quickly picked apart.
meldonium是從2016年1月開始，被世界反運動禁藥機構(WADA)列入禁藥名單。但為何會變成禁藥？因為WADA持續在其確認檢測尿液準確度的過程當中發現此藥成分，再輔佐運動員的藥物服用聲明，自2015年1月1日持續觀察後，確認「運動員服用該藥物企圖加強表現成績的證據」，於是宣布2016年1月1日起列入禁藥。其實meldonium早在1970年代就被拉脫維亞科學家研發出來，主要用來治療心絞痛、防止心肌缺血的，目前是拉脫維亞主要出口品之一。
前世界頭號女子網球運動員莎拉波娃（舒拉寶娃）在洛杉磯舉行的一次記者會上宣佈，她沒能通過澳大利亞網球公開賽的藥物檢查。國際網球聯合會發表聲明說，莎拉波娃將被臨時禁賽，從3月12日開始生效。
胡安·赫爾曼（英語：Juan Gelman，1930年5月3日－2014年1月14日），是一名阿根廷詩人。青年時期是一名積極的社會活動者和記者，1976年阿根廷政變後他被驅逐出境，之後輾轉歐洲、美國和墨西哥。1997年，他獲得阿根廷國家詩歌獎。並在2007年獲得米格爾·德·塞萬提斯獎。此外他還是一名積極的社會活動家，並對阿根廷有很大的社會影響力。
他在1956年後出版了20餘本詩集...... His works celebrate life but are also tempered with social and political commentary and reflect his own painful experiences with the politics of his country.
Juan Gelman, Argentine Poet Who Challenged Junta, Dies at 83By BRUCE WEBERJanuary 27, 2014詩人胡安·赫爾曼去世，曾抨擊阿根廷軍政府訃告 BRUCE WEBER2014年01月27日胡安·赫爾曼。胡安·赫爾曼。Mondelo/European Pressphoto AgencyJuan Gelman, an Argentine poet who challenged the petty and profound tyrannies of his country's military junta — including those directed against his family — in works that established him as a formidable presence in the Spanish-language literary canon, died on Tuesday at his home in Mexico City, where he had lived for many years. He was 83.阿根廷詩人胡安·赫爾曼(Juan Gelman)週二（此處指1月14日）在墨西哥城的家中去世，享年83歲，他生前在墨西哥城居住多年。他在作品中抨擊阿根廷軍政府大大小小的專制暴政，包括對他家人的殘暴行徑，這些作品讓他成為西班牙語文學殿堂中一個令人敬畏的人物。News reports in Mexico attributed the death to myelodysplastic syndrome, a form of bone marrow disease. However, a friend of Mr. Gelman, Iván Trejo, said the cause was lung cancer.墨西哥的新聞報導稱死因是骨髓增生異常綜合徵。但是赫爾曼的朋友伊万·特雷霍(Iván Trejo)說死因是肺癌。Mr. Gelman, the author of more than 20 books, was revered in Spain and Latin America, especially for his work in opposition to the durable far-right strain of governance in Argentina. His subjects included oppression and injustice (his ire often expressed with philosophical and linguistic vigor rather than visceral punch); the power and impotence of language; the eternalness of art, and poetry itself.赫爾曼共寫了20多本書，在西班牙和拉美深受敬重，特別是那些反對阿根廷長久的極右翼高壓政策的作品。他作品的主題包括壓迫和不公（他通常以哲學和語言的力量來表達憤怒，而不是衝動的抨擊）；語言的力量和無力；藝術的永恆；以及詩歌本身。His work was not routinely translated into English, partly because he was interested in exploiting nuances of language that were difficult to capture in other tongues. In his 60s Mr. Gelman taught himself Ladino, a language of Sephardic Jews derived from Old Spanish and written in Hebrew letters. He then wrote “Dibaxu,” a book that explored the Sephardic diaspora following the Spanish Inquisition.他的作品沒有被例行公事地全部翻譯成英語，其中一個原因是他喜歡充分展現語言的微妙，這種微妙很難用其他語言表達。赫爾曼60多歲的時候自學拉地諾語，那是西班牙系猶太人的語言，衍生自古老的西班牙語，是用希伯來字母書寫的。然後他寫了《Dibaxu》一書，探究西班牙宗教裁判導致的西班牙猶太人的離散。The independence of languages and the relation of language to life were issues he addressed often, notably in “Translations III: The Poems of Sidney West.” A cagey 1969 collection of blank verse eulogies, its poems are ostensibly Spanish translations of the work of an American that suggest an avant-garde Edgar Lee Masters, except that there is no such poet and there were no English poems to translate.語言的獨立性以及語言與人生的關係是他經常探究的主題，特別在《翻譯3：西德尼·韋斯特的詩歌》(Translations III: The Poems of Sidney West)中。這本巧妙的無韻詩集出版於1969年，其中的詩歌表面上看是對一個美國人作品的西班牙翻譯，這個詩人有點像先鋒派的埃德加·李·馬斯特斯(Edgar Lee Masters) ，而實際上沒有這樣一個詩人，也沒有可翻譯的英文詩歌。(When the poems actually were translated into English and published in 2008, the translators, Katherine M. Hedeen and Victor Rodríguez Núñez, wrote, “West is among the best imaginary poets not only of Whitman's native land, allegedly his as well, but of all possible lands.”)（當這些詩歌2008年真的被翻譯成英文並出版時，譯者凱瑟琳·M·赫登[Katherine M. Hedeen]和維克多·羅德里格斯·努涅斯[Victor Rodríguez Núñez]寫道，“韋斯特不僅是惠特曼的祖國——據說那也是他的祖國——最優秀的虛構詩人之一，而且是所有可能的土地上最優秀的虛構詩人之一。”）Mr. Gelman wrote essays and journalistic pieces as well as poems, and he was already a revered writer from the left when he became tragically embroiled in the so-called dirty war, the state-sponsored terrorist campaign propagated by Argentina's right-wing junta after a military coup in 1976.赫爾曼除了寫詩，還寫過散文和新聞報導，在他不幸捲入所謂骯髒的戰爭中時，他已經是一位受尊敬的左翼作家。那場骯髒的戰爭是1976年軍事政變之後上台的阿根廷右翼軍政府支持的恐怖主義戰爭。By the time democracy was restored, in 1983, thousands of citizens with suspected ties to socialism and dissident groups had been seized and “disappeared.” Mr. Gelman had been living in exile in Europe, but among the kidnapped in 1976 were his 19- year-old daughter, Nora Eva; his 20-year-old son, Marcelo Ariel; and his son's wife, María Claudia García Iruretagoyena de Gelman, who was seven months pregnant.1983年恢復民主統治之時，已有成千上萬涉嫌與社會主義有瓜葛的平民和異見團體被逮捕，並“失踪”。赫爾曼在軍政府統治期間流亡到了歐洲，但是在1976年的綁架中，他19歲的女兒諾拉·伊娃(Nora Eva)、20歲的兒子馬塞洛·阿列爾(Marcelo Ariel)以及懷有七個月身孕的兒媳瑪麗·克勞迪婭·加西亞·伊魯雷塔戈耶納·德·格爾曼(María Claudia García Iruretagoyena de Gelman)被綁架了。Nora Eva survived, but Mr. Gelman's son and daughter-in-law were killed, and their child, a girl, was given away to a Uruguayan family. Mr. Gelman's search for information about his family members' fates made him a symbol of the fight for human rights. Years later he was able to find and identify the remains of his son, and he finally located his granddaughter in 2000.諾拉·伊娃活了下來，但是赫爾曼的兒子和兒媳被殺了，他們的女兒被送給了一個烏拉圭人家。赫爾曼對自己家人消息的尋找讓他成為爭取人權的象徵。多年後他找到並確認了兒子的遺體，2000年最終找到了孫女。In 2007 Mr. Gelman was given the Cervantes Prize, an annual award for lifetime achievement that is considered the highest honor in Spanish-language literature. (Its laureates include Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, Carlos Fuentes and Mario Vargas Llosa.)2007年，赫爾曼獲得了塞萬提斯獎，這個年度終身成就獎被認為是西班牙語文學的最高獎項（獲得該獎的還有若熱·路易斯·博爾赫斯[Jorge Luis Borges]、奧克塔維奧·帕斯[Octavio Paz]、卡洛斯·富恩特斯[Carlos Fuentes]和馬里奧·巴爾加斯·略薩[Mario Vargas Llosa]）。“He is a gigantic voice in the constellation of Latin American poetry of the 20th century,” Ilan Stavans, a professor of Hispanic culture at Amherst College, said of Mr. Gelman in an interview.“他是20世紀拉美詩歌群星中的重要一員，”阿默斯特學院西班牙語文化教授伊蘭·斯塔文斯(Ilan Stavans)在採訪中這樣評價赫爾曼。Mr. Gelman's poetry, he added, was in the tradition of Pablo Neruda's, “mixing or juxtaposing politics and poetics, calling attention to social problems, confronting the powers that be and sympathizing with the disenfranchised.”他補充說，赫爾曼的詩歌繼承了巴勃羅·聶魯達(Pablo Neruda)的詩歌傳統，“把政治和詩歌結合在一起或者說並列放置，引起人們對社會問題的注意，對抗強權，同情被剝奪公民權利的人。”Mr. Gelman's favorite themes can be found woven into the conclusion of the poem “End,” translated by Professor Stavans:你能在斯塔文斯教授翻譯的《結尾》(End)一詩的最後找到赫爾曼最愛的主題：
Poetry is a way of living.
詩歌是一種生活方式。
Look at the people at your side.
看看你身邊的人們。
Do they eat? Suffer? Sing? Cry?
他們吃飯嗎？痛苦嗎？歌唱嗎？痛哭嗎？
Help them fight for their hands, their eyes, their mouth, for the kiss to kiss and the kiss to give away, for their table, their bread, their letter a and their letter h, for their past — were they not children? — for their present, for the piece of peace, of history and happiness that belongs to them, for the piece of love, big, small, sad, joy, that belongs to them and is taken away in the name of what, of what?
幫助他們鬥爭——為了他們的雙手、眼睛、嘴巴；為了親吻；為了他們的桌子、麵包、字母a和h；為了他們的過去——誰不曾是個孩子？ ——為了他們的現在；為了屬於他們的和平、歷史和幸福；為了那些屬於他們卻以各種名義被剝奪的或大或小的愛、哀傷和歡樂。
Your life will then be an innumerable river to be called pedro, juan, ana, maria, bird, lung, the air, my shirt, violin, sunset, stone, that handkerchief, old waltz, wooden horse.
你的生命將從此變成一條無盡的河流，被稱為佩德羅、胡安、安娜、瑪麗亞、小鳥、肺、空氣、我的襯衫、小提琴、日落、石頭、那塊手絹、老華爾茲、木馬。
Poetry is this.
這就是詩歌。
Afterward, write it.
然後，把它寫下來。
Juan Gelman Burichson was born on May 3, 1930, in Buenos Aires to Jewish immigrants from Ukraine. As a boy he read widely in Russian and European literature under the tutelage of his brother Boris. Though he studied chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires, he never finished his degree and instead, as a Communist, went to work as an editor and columnist for left-leaning publications. 胡安·赫爾曼·布里奇桑(Juan Gelman Burichson)1930年5月3日出生在布宜諾斯艾利斯一個來自烏克蘭的猶太移民家庭。小時候在哥哥鮑里斯(Boris)的指導下廣泛閱讀俄語和歐洲文學。雖然他在布宜諾斯艾利斯大學讀化學專業，但是他一直沒有完成學業，而是以共產黨員身份為左傾出版物擔任編輯和專欄作家。In the 1960s he joined the guerrilla group known as the Montoneros, though he eventually parted ways with them as their militarism advanced. His first book of poems, “Violin and Other Issues,” was published in 1956. 20世紀60年代，他加入名為“城市游擊隊”(Montoneros)的游擊組織，不過最終與之分道揚鑣，因為後者的軍國主義情緒越來越高漲。他的第一本詩集《小提琴及其他》(Violin and Other Issues)出版於1956年。Mr. Gelman's survivors include his wife, Mara; a daughter, Paola; and three grandchildren, including the one with whom he was reunited in 2000. His death elicited official statements of grief in two nations. 赫爾曼在世的親人包括妻子瑪拉(Mara)、女兒葆拉(Paola)和三個孫輩，包括2000年與他團聚的那個孫女。他的去世在兩個國家引起了官方哀悼。In announcing the death on Twitter, Rafael Tovar y de Teresa, president of Conaculta, Mexico's culture and arts council, called Mr. Gelman a “poet of the Mexican soul.”墨西哥文化藝術委員會主席拉斐爾·托瓦·y·德·特里薩(Rafael Tovar y de Teresa)在Twitter上宣布赫爾曼的死訊時稱他是一位“擁有墨西哥靈魂的詩人”。In Argentina, President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner declared a three-day national period of mourning. The nation's culture secretary, Jorge Coscia, said of Mr. Gelman in a television interview, “His whole life was a committed poem.”在阿根廷，總統克里斯蒂娜·費爾南德斯·德·柯克納(Cristina Fernández de Kirchner)宣布全國哀悼三天。該國的文化部長若熱·科夏(Jorge Coscia)在電視採訪中說“他的一生是一首忠誠的詩歌”。Elisabeth Malkin contributed reporting from Mexico City.Copyright © 2013 The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.Elisabeth Malkin自墨西哥城對本文有報導貢獻。本文最初發表於2014年1月20日。翻譯：王相宜
Juan Gelman obituary
Argentinian poet whose life and work were infused with the fight against his country's repressive regimes and the 'dirty war'
Juan Gelman at a book
fair in 2013. His son and daughter were 'disappeared' after Argentina's
1976 military coup. Photograph: Orlando Barria/EPA
The life of the Argentinian poet Juan Gelman, who has died aged
83, was a vivid, often harrowing, reflection of the times in which he
lived, encompassing as it did revolutionary zeal, state-sponsored murder
and long years of dealing with the consequences.
Gelman's Jewish family went to Argentina early in the 20th century to avoid pogroms in tsarist Russia. They settled in Villa Crespo, a Jewish neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, a city where half the rapidly growing population were first-generation immigrants. Juan was the youngest of three sons, and the only one born in Argentina. In later life he would recount how one of his elder brothers used to recite verses by Pushkin in Russian to him, which first stirred his interest in poetry.
His birth coincided with the year of the first military coup in 20th-century Argentina, and the struggle between reactionary forces and civilian rule was to inform his political militancy. He began writing poetry as an adolescent, but took up journalism to make a living. By the early 1950s he was both writing and playing an active role in the Communist party of Argentina.
His first influential book of poems was Gotán (1962). The title is back slang for "tango", and reflected his wish for poetry to be popular and based on the rich language of the Buenos Aires streets. Through the 1960s his politics became more radical, and he left the Communist party to join the outlawed Peronist FAR (Revolutionary Armed Forces) and later the leftist Montoneros, who believed in revolution through armed struggle.
He continued to publish small books of poetry that were influential among the radical youth of 1960s Argentina, but perhaps his most interesting collection was Los Poemas de Sidney West (1969), written as though they were translations of poems by an apocryphal English writer.
He also wrote trenchant articles for the most outspoken newspapers and magazines of the time, in which he tried to warn against the tide of violent repression that was engulfing Argentina. Threatened by the Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance, in 1975 he left Argentina for exile in Rome, then Madrid, and later Mexico City.
In 1976 another vicious military dictatorship seized power in Argentina. Events followed that were to mark Gelman's life for the rest of his life. His daughter, Nora, his son, Marcelo, and his son's wife, María Claudia García Iruretagoyena, were "disappeared" in a raid by the security forces. Nora was released, but the other two were never seen alive by their family again. It was not until 1990 that Marcelo's remains were found in a cement-filled barrel.
María Claudia's story was even more dramatic. Some years later, Gelman discovered that, as she was a Uruguayan citizen, she had been flown there under the co-ordinated scheme planned by the Southern Cone's military dictatorships, known as the Condor Plan. Not only that, but Gelman found that she had been seven months pregnant at the time, and had given birth in the military hospital in Montevideo before her presumed death. In 2000 Gelman discovered his granddaughter was alive. They eventually met, and she adopted the name María Macarena Gelman García.
Having refused to publish poetry between 1973 and 1980, Gelman again began to produce new books regularly, the first being Hechos y Relaciones (Deeds and Relations). These works reflected the horrors he had experienced, but also revealed an interest in Yiddish poetry and classical Spanish authors such as Quevedo and San Juan de la Cruz.
When he was in his 70s, Gelman's poetry began to win him international recognition, perhaps the most important being the prestigious 2007 Miguel de Cervantes prize, the Spanish-language equivalent of the Booker. Like many Argentinian exiles, he could not bring himself to return to live in a country that had seen such moral degradation, and yet the separation from his home country haunted all his later work.
One of the prose poems offers a summary of his writing philosophy:
He sits at his desk and writes
With these poems you won't take power, he says
With these verses you won't make the revolution, he says
He sits at his desk and writes.
He is survived by his second wife, Mara, and by Nora and María.
• Juan Gelman, poet, born 3 May 1930; died 14 January 2014
Gelman's Jewish family went to Argentina early in the 20th century to avoid pogroms in tsarist Russia. They settled in Villa Crespo, a Jewish neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, a city where half the rapidly growing population were first-generation immigrants. Juan was the youngest of three sons, and the only one born in Argentina. In later life he would recount how one of his elder brothers used to recite verses by Pushkin in Russian to him, which first stirred his interest in poetry.
His birth coincided with the year of the first military coup in 20th-century Argentina, and the struggle between reactionary forces and civilian rule was to inform his political militancy. He began writing poetry as an adolescent, but took up journalism to make a living. By the early 1950s he was both writing and playing an active role in the Communist party of Argentina.
His first influential book of poems was Gotán (1962). The title is back slang for "tango", and reflected his wish for poetry to be popular and based on the rich language of the Buenos Aires streets. Through the 1960s his politics became more radical, and he left the Communist party to join the outlawed Peronist FAR (Revolutionary Armed Forces) and later the leftist Montoneros, who believed in revolution through armed struggle.
He continued to publish small books of poetry that were influential among the radical youth of 1960s Argentina, but perhaps his most interesting collection was Los Poemas de Sidney West (1969), written as though they were translations of poems by an apocryphal English writer.
He also wrote trenchant articles for the most outspoken newspapers and magazines of the time, in which he tried to warn against the tide of violent repression that was engulfing Argentina. Threatened by the Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance, in 1975 he left Argentina for exile in Rome, then Madrid, and later Mexico City.
In 1976 another vicious military dictatorship seized power in Argentina. Events followed that were to mark Gelman's life for the rest of his life. His daughter, Nora, his son, Marcelo, and his son's wife, María Claudia García Iruretagoyena, were "disappeared" in a raid by the security forces. Nora was released, but the other two were never seen alive by their family again. It was not until 1990 that Marcelo's remains were found in a cement-filled barrel.
María Claudia's story was even more dramatic. Some years later, Gelman discovered that, as she was a Uruguayan citizen, she had been flown there under the co-ordinated scheme planned by the Southern Cone's military dictatorships, known as the Condor Plan. Not only that, but Gelman found that she had been seven months pregnant at the time, and had given birth in the military hospital in Montevideo before her presumed death. In 2000 Gelman discovered his granddaughter was alive. They eventually met, and she adopted the name María Macarena Gelman García.
Having refused to publish poetry between 1973 and 1980, Gelman again began to produce new books regularly, the first being Hechos y Relaciones (Deeds and Relations). These works reflected the horrors he had experienced, but also revealed an interest in Yiddish poetry and classical Spanish authors such as Quevedo and San Juan de la Cruz.
When he was in his 70s, Gelman's poetry began to win him international recognition, perhaps the most important being the prestigious 2007 Miguel de Cervantes prize, the Spanish-language equivalent of the Booker. Like many Argentinian exiles, he could not bring himself to return to live in a country that had seen such moral degradation, and yet the separation from his home country haunted all his later work.
One of the prose poems offers a summary of his writing philosophy:
He sits at his desk and writes
With these poems you won't take power, he says
With these verses you won't make the revolution, he says
He sits at his desk and writes.
He is survived by his second wife, Mara, and by Nora and María.
• Juan Gelman, poet, born 3 May 1930; died 14 January 2014
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