John Enoch Powell,

約翰·以諾·鮑威爾 John Enoch Powell, MBE
Allan Warren拍攝
個人資料
出生	1912年6月16日 英國英格蘭伯明罕
逝世	1998年2月8日（85歲） 英國英格蘭倫敦
國籍	英國
政黨	保守黨 (1950–1974) 阿爾斯特統一黨 (1974–1987)
配偶	Miss Pamela Wilson
子女	2女
母校	劍橋大學三一書院 亞非學院
專業	• 政治家 • 古典學者 • 詩人
信仰	聖公宗
軍事背景
效忠	英國
服役	英國陸軍
服役時間	1939–1945
參戰	第二次世界大戰 • 北非戰役 • 印度戰役

約翰·以諾·鮑威爾（John Enoch Powell，1912年6月16日－1998年2月8日）是英國政治家、古典學者、作家和軍人。他在1950年至1974年出任保守黨國會議員，1960年至1963年出任衛生大臣。他在1968年發表爭議性的「血河」演說，反對來自其他英聯邦國家的移民，並因此被愛德華·希思開除出影子內閣的國防大臣（1965至1968年）職務。

然而，他的支持表宣稱他吸引的大批民眾可能是保守黨取得1970年大選勝利的關鍵，他在1974年大選中支持工黨則可能是保守黨失利的原因^[1][2]。他在1974年10月出選南唐，以阿爾斯特統一黨國會議員身份重返下議院，直至1987年大選中落選。

加入政壇之前，他是出色的古典學者，25歲就成為古希臘文正教授。二戰期間他在人事和情報部門效力。他也曾寫作詩和著作多本關於古典和政治的書籍。

參考資料[編輯]

^ A Special Relationship by John Dumbrell (2001), pp.34–35 A Feb 1969 Gallup poll showed Powell the 'most admired person' in British public opinion.
^ OnTarget Vol.8 – No.47. ALOR. [2011-01-02].

Brigadier John Enoch Powell, MBE (/ˈdʒɒn ˈiːnɒk paʊl/; 16 June 1912 – 8 February 1998) was an English politician, classical scholar, linguist, and poet.

• English

brigadier

 1 英陸軍准将.

Personal life[edit]

Powell was reading Ancient Greek by the age of five and learned it from his mother. At the age of 70 he began learning his 12th and final language, Hebrew.

Despite his earlier atheism, Powell became a devout member of the Church of England, thinking in 1949 "that he heard the bells of St Peter's Wolverhampton calling him" while walking to his flat in his (then future) constituency.^[6]:130 Subsequently, he became a churchwarden of St. Margaret's, Westminster.

On 2 January 1952, the 39-year-old Powell married 26-year-old Margaret Pamela Wilson, a former colleague from the Conservative Central Office, who provided him with the settled and happy family life that was essential to his political career. They had two daughters, born in January 1954 and October 1956.

Powell's rhetorical gifts were also employed, with success, beyond politics. He was a poet of some accomplishment, with four published collections to his name: First Poems; Casting Off; Dancer's End; and The Wedding Gift. His Collected Poems appeared in 1990. He translated Herodotus' Histories and published many other works of classical scholarship. He published a biography ofJoseph Chamberlain, which treated the split with William Gladstone over Irish Home Rule in 1886 as the pivotal point of his career, rather than the adoption of tariff reform, and contained the famous line: "All political lives, unless they are cut off in midstream at a happy juncture, end in failure, because that is the nature of politics and of all human affairs". His political publications were often as critical of his own party as they were of Labour, often making fun of what he saw as logical fallacies in reasoning or action. His bookFreedom & Reality contained many quotes from Labour party manifestos or by Harold Wilson that he regarded as nonsensical.

Like Tony Benn (a personal friend despite political differences, whose peerage Powell helped to renounce so that Benn remain in the Commons), he was seen by supporters as putting conscience and duty to his constituents before loyalty to his party or the sake of his career.

When asked by BBC interviewer Michael Parkinson what he regarded as his achievements he replied "...it is doubtful whether any man can say how the world was altered because he was in it." In August 2002, Powell appeared 55th in the List of 100 Greatest Britons of all time (voted for by the public in a BBC nationwide poll).^[64]