2016年4月20日 星期三

Vivant Denon 德農 1747-1825


2016.4.20

Pierre Rosenberg《盧浮宮私人詞典》翻譯本中， 無一張圖、畫。不過有些人物的書寫很有意思，譬如說， Vivant Denon 德農 1747-1825

盧浮宮私人詞典   



 2014.10.27
辜振豐新增了 4 張相片。
法蘭西名作家菲力普・索雷爾斯（Philippe Sollers）晚年大作《羅浮的騎士》，內容敘述18世紀怪傑德農（Vivant Denon ) 一生傳奇。他穿梭於封建舊時代、法國大革命、第一共和、拿破崙時代，憑著靈活多變的頭腦和美學修養，成為名副其實的不倒翁。他是小貴族，出身於勃艮第。
是畫家
戀の遍歷者
間諜
外交官
羅浮宮第一任館長
情色作家
蒐藏家

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Vivant Denon
Vivant Denon - Self-portrait 1823.jpg
Self-portrait, 1823
Born4 January 1747
Givry, Saône-et-Loire
Died27 April 1825
Paris
NationalityFrench
Fieldsarchaeology
Dominique Vivant, Baron Denon (4 January 1747–27 April 1825) was a French artist, writer, diplomat, author, and archaeologist. He was appointed as the first Director of theLouvre Museum by Napoleon after the Egyptian campaign of 1798-1801, and is commemorated in the Denon Wing of the modern museum. His two-volume Voyage dans la basse et la haute Egypte ("Journey in Lower and Upper Egypt", 1802), was the foundation of modern Egyptology.

Birth and name[edit]


Vivant Denon with Jean Pesne's engraved Oeuvres de Nicolas Poussin, portrait by Robert Lefèvre (Musée National du Château de Versailles)
Vivant Denon was born at Givry, Saône-et-Loire to a family called "de Non", of the "petite noblesse" or gentry, and until the French Revolution signed himself as "le chevalier de Non".[1]Like many of the nobility, he revised his surname at the Revolution to lose the "nobiliary particle" "de". He seems to have consistently avoided using his baptised first name "Dominique", preferring his middle name "Vivant", and so is usually known as "Vivant Denon". He was created "Baron Denon" by Napoleon in August 1812, at the age of 65.

Biography[edit]

He was sent to Paris to study law, but he showed a decided preference for art and literature, and soon gave up his profession. In his twenty-third year he produced a comedy, Le Bon Pré, which obtained a succès d'estime, as he had already won a position in society by his agreeable manners and exceptional conversational powers. He became a favorite of Louis XV, who entrusted him with the collection and arrangement of a cabinet of medals and antique gems for Madame de Pompadour, and subsequently appointed him attaché to the French embassy at St. Petersburg.

Diplomatic career[edit]


Engraving by Denon of a Republican costume designed by David
On the accession of Louis XVI, Denon was transferred to Sweden; but he returned, after a brief interval, to Paris with the ambassador M. de Vergennes, who had been appointed foreign minister. In 1775 Denon was sent on a special mission to Switzerland, and took the opportunity of visiting Voltaire at Ferney. He made a portrait of the philosopher, which was engraved and published on his return to Paris. His next diplomatic appointment was to Naples, where he spent seven years, first as secretary to the embassy and afterwards as chargé d'affaires. He devoted this period to a careful study of the monuments of ancient art, collecting many specimens and making drawings of others. He also perfected himself in etching and mezzotintoengraving. While in Naples he met Sir William and Lady Hamilton and he etched Lady Hamilton 'posing'.
The death of his patron, M. de Vergennes, in 1787, led to his recall, and the rest of his life was given mainly to artistic pursuits. On his return to Paris he was admitted a member of theAcadémie de peinture et de sculpture (1787). After a brief interval he returned to Italy, living chiefly at Venice. He also visited Florence and Bologna, and afterwards went to Switzerland. While there he heard that his property had been confiscated, and his name placed on the list of the proscribed, and with characteristic courage he resolved at once to return to Paris: his situation was critical, but he was spared, thanks to the friendship of the painter David, who obtained for him a commission to furnish designs for republican costumes. When the Revolution was over, Denon was one of the bands of eminent men who frequented the house of Madame de Beauharnais. Here he met Bonaparte, to whose fortunes he wisely attached himself.

Egypt and the Louvre[edit]


Commemorative bust by Joseph Charles Martin, shown at the Salon of 1827 (Louvre Museum)
At Bonaparte's invitation he joined the expedition to Egypt as part of the arts and literature section of the Institut d'Égypte, and thus found the opportunity of gathering the materials for his most important literary and artistic work. He accompanied General Desaix to Upper Egypt, and made numerous sketches of the monuments of ancient art, sometimes under the very fire of the enemy. The results were published in his Voyage dans la basse et la haute Egypte (Journey in Lower and Upper Egypt), published as two volumes in 1802. The work crowned his reputation both as an archaeologist and as an artist, and sparked the Egyptian Revival in architecture and decorative arts. (See: Egyptian revival architecture and Egyptian revival decorative arts)

Pavillon Denon at Le Louvre Museum.
On 19 November 1802,[2] he was appointed by Napoleon to the important office of director-general of museums and head of the new Musée Napoléon, which he filled until the Allied occupation of Paris in 1814, when he had to retire.[3] He was a devoted servant of Napoleon, on whose behalf he personally looted vast numbers of works of art in Italy, the Low Countries and Germany and, through agents (including Goya), in Spain, for the Musee Napoleon in Paris. Many of these remain in the Louvre, and elsewhere in France, today. In particular, Denon was one of the very first men to appreciate the importance of the Italian 'primitives'. The majority of those now in the Louvre were looted by Denon during a sweep he made through Italy in 1812. They were publicly paraded, with elephants and other wild animals, like a Roman Triumph, through the streets of Paris, before being deposited in the Louvre.
Denon took full opportunity, while working for Napoleon, to assemble for himself an enormous collection of paintings, drawings, prints, books, statuary and objets d'art. This collection was sold at auction over several days after Denon's death.

Retirement[edit]


Vivant Denon's funerary monument byPierre Cartellier at Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris
At the Bourbon Restoration of 1814 Denon was confirmed in place for a year, but was too closely associated with the former regime to keep the position for long, and was replaced byAuguste de Forbin in 1816. After his forced retirement he began an illustrated history of ancient and modern art, in which he had the cooperation of several skilful engravers. He died at Paris in 1825, leaving the work unfinished. It was published posthumously, with an explanatory text by Amaury Duval, under the title Monuments des arts du dessin chez les peuples tant anciens que modernes, recueillis par Vivant Denon in 1829. Denon was also the author of an erotic novel, Point de lendemain, published in 1777 (in 1812 as a separate work), and of a number of pornographic etchings.

Works[edit]

In fiction[edit]

Lee Langley has written a biographical novel of Denon's life: Lee Langley (2006). A conversation on the Quai Voltaire. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-7912-0.

References and sources[edit]

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vivant Denon.
  1. Jump up^ Nowinski, 23-25

    Jump up^ McClellan, Andrew (1994). Inventing the Louvre: Art, Politics, and the Origins of the Modern Museum in 18th-century Paris. University of California
  2. Press. ISBN 9780520221765.
  3. Jump up^ Judith Nowinski (1970). Baron Dominique Vivant Denon (1747-1825): hedonist and scholar in a period of transition. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-7470-3.
Sources
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