拿破崙( Napoleon Bonaparte 1769-1821). 《Napoleon！Napoleon！》法國嘲笑英國人的“拿破崙”電影。Napoleon is part of us, Macron said. 與科技（賴以威）

拿破崙( Napoleon Bonaparte  1769-1821). 《Napoleon！Napoleon！》法國嘲笑英國人的“拿破崙”電影。Napoleon is part of us, Macron said.

感動我的 (40)人事物記憶：下元月色。Invisible Nation.𡿨撼山河 撼向世界＞(非常溫暖，感動   駱以軍 )  《撼山河 撼向世界：電影幕前幕後全記錄》今仔日上市！；  【凝聚眾人．直奔未來－Action! Keep Rolling!】李安晨五時巡迴慶祝會。「我是滿島光，我愛麵線」。 《香港！香港！》榮休演講 ；(五年前 到 "台灣加權 超越 香港恆生" 歷史性的一刻) 。《上海！上海！》（英文名Émigré）。《Napoleon！Napoleon！》

https://www.facebook.com/hanching.chung/videos/670435865213879

National Gallery of Art

You may have seen Jacques-Louis David’s mythical portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte before. But did you know there are many hidden details in this painting?

Now uncover more surprising details https://bit.ly/411weiy五

前陣子有很多歷史到底有用、無用的討論。 我不是這方面的專家，不過在科普推廣的這幾年裡，我非常著迷於科學、數學史。常常讀著讀著會發現這些科學家以不同的形式出現、串連。就像是漫威的英雄宇宙一樣。 每位科學家都有自己的專屬故事，可同時也會在他人的故事裡粉墨登場。 　​ 其中有一個人，乍看之下跟科學最無關係，但卻大量出現在各科學腳本，而且眾人都要對他俯首稱臣。 那就是我們的科學家皇帝——拿破崙。 　​ ▍ 科技鐵粉拿破崙 拿破崙本身擁有非常豐富的數學知識，當年入學考就被大數學家拉普拉斯慧眼識英雄。統治法國後，更給予科學家優渥的待遇與地位。 我覺得拿破崙就是一位科技鐵粉，如果他活在現代，一定是每天上網看YTer開箱影片、讀科技報導、甚至買機票去發佈會朝聖都有可能。 　​ 而雖然那年代資訊流通沒那麼便利，可好加在拿破崙是皇帝，想看什麼，叫人來表演就好！ 　​ 舉例來說，科學家伏打(A. Volta)在發明電池原型「伏打電堆」後，從義大利被邀請到法國研究所，親自展演給拿破崙看。 　​ 同樣被叫到巴黎的，還有聲學之父克拉尼(E. Chladni)。克拉尼展示當我們撒細砂在薄金屬片上，再用琴弦拉金屬片，金屬片的震動會讓沙子會呈現規律的圖案。 　​ 還有，拿破崙時代初期，通信被掌握在舊勢力手上，且還是用人力運送。當時有一項名為「光報塔」的新技術，有點像是小型的烽火台，塔頂裝了幾根吊臂，透過吊臂的不同樣式，傳遞資訊。 　​ 拿破崙視察了光報塔後，認為這對戰爭傳遞軍情大有幫助，便在法國境內擴大架設光報塔。後來他自己也受惠於此，當拿破崙兒子遠在500多公里外誕生時，只需要60分鐘，喜獲麒麟兒的好消息便透過光報塔傳來了。 　​ 拿破崙還體驗（某種程度上是被騙）過人工智慧，就是我們之前提過的自動西洋棋士——土耳其機器人。奧地利發明家肯佩倫設計了這套機器（魔術）後，相傳，拿破崙在造訪奧地利時，特地到美泉宮與土耳其機器人對弈。他還故意破壞規則，想看看土耳其機器人是否能應對，根本是工程師測試產品的作法。 　​　​ ▍ 科技史裡的滿滿彩蛋 我自己以前讀歷史時，只知道拿破崙身高比湯姆克魯斯還矮，非常友善，然後是一位戰無不勝的將軍。可讀了許多科學史後，才知道原來他可能是因為具備豐富的數學知識，更懂得使用砲彈，搭配光報塔等科技，讓他在戰爭中獲勝。 　​ 拿破崙對科學的支持，固然有一大部分是基於政治軍事上的需求，但也讓科學家受惠。這還可以衍生出更多討論，例如 拿破崙之後，歐陸持續的科技發展與現代化和他有關嗎？ 拿破崙之前，誰又誰做了哪些事，才讓拿破崙能處在這麼一個科技高速飛展的時代？ 　​ 人文社會與科技發展的交互映證，是我讀電機系、學技術、演算法、理論時所無法知道。 其中更讓人讀起來有滿滿彩蛋的趣味感。例如你知道嗎，光報塔還曾經出現在大仲馬的《基督山恩仇記》中，主角買通電報員，讓仇人損失慘重。該位電報員操作的就是光報塔。拿破崙14歲那年，孟格菲兄弟將載著雞鴨羊的熱氣球升空，拿破崙團隊也好好研究過這項技術，除了軍情偵查，甚至還想過能不能用來渡海攻打英國。 　​ 我們依然需要歷史，不過就像人工智慧會滲入各個領域，歷史人文也可以與各個領域結合、更加多元。本來知識分門別類學習就只是效率考量，真正的知識永遠都是N維度世界。 　​ 「以史為鏡，可以知興替」 　​ 當我們更認識科技或科學的發展沿革時，或許對於未來的創新發明，也會有所幫助。 就算沒有，也很有趣。不是嗎？

所有心情：

2121

France Scoffs at an Englishman’s ‘Napoleon’

French critics considered Ridley Scott’s new biopic lazy, pointless, boring, migraine-inducing, too short and historically inaccurate. And that’s just to start.

google

法國嘲笑英國人的“拿破崙”

法國評論家認為雷利史考特的新傳記片懶惰、毫無意義、無聊、令人偏頭痛、太短且歷史不準確。 這只是開始。

0:32
France's Emmanuel Macron says Napoleon Bonaparte 'is a ...
YouTube · Reuters





4:36
Bicentenary of Napoleon's death: Macron walks tightrope with ...
France 24





2:08
Macron negotiates politically charged Napoleon ...
France 24



Napoleon is part of us, Macron tells France after row over ...
https://www.theguardian.com › may
 — In a short speech, Macron broached the historical legend and myths and also the darker reality of Napoleon's rule over France between 1799 and 1815. It was a delicate balancing act for the president, who insisted he was “ ...

Napoléon Bonaparte^[a] (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader. 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon

To some Napoleon was a military genius, strategic mastermind and visionary leader. To others he was a tyrant and a butcher who squandered French supremacy in Europe on the battlefield of Waterloo


ECONOMIST.COM
Despot, genius or both? France argues about Napoleon
As his bicentenary approaches, tempers rise

An illustration by Leonid Pasternak for War and Peace, showing Napoleon near Vyazma

Vyazma monument commemorating the Russian victory over Napoleon.

Duke of Wellington, Napoleon

British Museum

Born ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1769: Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley. He defeated Napoleon at Waterloo http://ow.ly/Mn0ma

Discover prints from the age of Napoleon and Wellington in our free exhibition ‪#‎BonaparteAndTheBritish‬ in Room 90 http://ow.ly/M1aPO

Napoléon Bonaparte is often cast as an embodiment of progress and meritocracy. He was certainly a catalyst for reform, but seeing Napoléon as a force for good, who fed the greater glory of his country, is wrong. The military and political leader was born on August 15th 1769

Napoléon Bonaparte was not a brilliant statesman

Bonaparte was born on this day in 1769

ECONOMIST.COM

To celebrate the 246th anniversary of Napoleon's birth: how defeat at Waterloo transformed Europe's great military strategist into Mr Pickwick http://econ.st/1DSXgLL





Two great little men
A WEEK after being routed at Waterloo, Napoleon left Paris for the last time. “My political life is over,” he wrote in a terse statement of abdication. The man...
ECON.ST

Napoleon—tactical military genius but a flawed statesman—was born on August 15th 1769. From our archive: http://econ.st/1Jhd6SZ







Flawed sparkler
Napoleon the Great. By Andrew Roberts. Allen Lane; 936 pages; £30. To be published in America by Viking in November; $40. Buy from Amazon.comAmazon.co.uk IS...
ECON.ST


Bonaparte and the British

prints and propaganda in the age of Napoleon5 February – 16 August 2015



James Gillray (1756–1815), The plumb-pudding in danger: -or-state epicures taking un petit souper. Hand-coloured etching, 1805.





Anonymous, La famille Anglaise au Museum à Paris. Hand-coloured etching, 1814.



This exhibition will focus on the printed propaganda that either reviled or glorified Napoleon Bonaparte, on both sides of the English Channel. It explores how his formidable career coincided with the peak of political satire as an art form.


2015 marks the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo – the final undoing of brilliant French general and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821). The exhibition will include works by British and French satirists who were inspired by political and military tensions to exploit a new visual language combining caricature and traditional satire with the vigorous narrative introduced by Hogarth earlier in the century.


The print trade had already made the work of contemporary British artists familiar across Europe. Continental collectors devoured the products of the London publishers, and artists across Europe were inspired by British satires.





James Gillray (1756 - 1815), The First Kiss this Ten Years! Hand-coloured etching and aquatint, 1803.





Auguste Gaspard Louis Boucher Desnoyers (1779 - 1857) after François Gérard (1770–1837), Napoleon le Grand. Etching and engraving, 1808.





Cast of the Death Mask of Napoleon. Plaster of Paris, 1830s.



This exhibition includes work by James Gillray, Thomas Rowlandson, Richard Newton and George Cruikshank, some of the most thoughtful and inventive artists of their day.


The range and depth of the British Museum’s collection allows the satirical printmakers’ approach to be compared with that of portraitists and others who tended to represent a more sober view of Napoleon.


The exhibition begins with portraits of the handsome young general from the mid-1790s and ends with a cast of his death mask and other memorabilia acquired by British admirers.


Along the way, the prints will examine key moments in the British response to Napoleon – exultation at Nelson’s triumph in the Battle of the Nile in 1798, celebration of the Peace of Amiens in 1802, fear of invasion in 1803, the death of Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and Napoleon’s triumph at Austerlitz, delight at his military defeats from 1812 onwards, culminating in his exile to Elba in 1814.


1815 sees triumphalism after Waterloo and final exile to St Helena, but some prints reflect an ambiguous view of the fallen emperor and doubts about the restoration of the French king Louis XVIII.


Win a luxury weekend away in the South of France


Win an amazing trip for two people, courtesy of Eurostar, Voyages-sncf.com and Hotel Juana.
The catalogue for this exhibition is published by The British Museum Press: Bonaparte and the British: prints and propaganda in the age of Napoleon, by Tim Clayton and Sheila O'Connell. With stunning illustrations showing the intricately detailed prints in full colour this book brings to life a key period in European history. Paperback, £25.






British Museum 新增了 1 張相片。

British Museum

‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1804: Napoleon Bonaparte was proclaimed Emperor by the French Senate.


Discover how Napoleon was glorified and reviled in our free exhibition‪#‎BonaparteAndTheBritish‬ http://ow.ly/MWqeG













Napoleon Bonaparte died ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1821. See his death mask in our free exhibition ‪#‎BonaparteAndTheBritish‬ http://ow.ly/MoiQf








Napoleon Bonaparte


Military leader


Napoléon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815. Wikipedia

Born: August 15, 1769, Ajaccio, France
Died: May 5, 1821, Longwood
Height: 1.68 m
Buried: May 9, 1821, Les Invalides, Paris, France

BBC - History - Napoleon Bonaparte


www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bonaparte_napoleon.shtml

Read a biography about Napoleon - the emperor of France. Discover facts about his marriage to Josephine and the Napoleonic Wars including the Battle of ...

British Museum 新增了 2 張相片。


Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of the French ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1804 http://ow.ly/F1wEY


See Napoleon’s hat from the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 in our exhibition ‪#‎MemoriesOfANation‬ http://ow.ly/F8X46

蔡其達

5分鐘  · 

由雷利·史考特執導，大衛·史卡帕編劇，瓦昆·菲尼克斯領銜主演的《拿破崙》上映了。

我不想談電影評價，想說的是，拿破崙最擅長的「內線作戰」，台灣人得好好研究，尤其放在選戰場上，目前賴清德遭檳榔柯、猴猴作歹誌、郭董、中國的層層包圍，雖說綠營仍占優勢，但賴太被動、無法主導議題（近來的議題都在藍白擺爛的藍白拖之上 ，爛歸爛但就是吸睛，難怪賴的民調始終停滯），雖然蕭美琴入列重又振奮人心，但主師必須更主動、積極攻擊，否則支持者多少會沈睡。

回到「內線作戰」，拿破崙就是最能善用「內線作戰」，打垮反法聯軍的軍事天才，而詮釋「內線作戰」最利的則是瑞士兵學家約米尼（Antoine Henn Jomini），四十多年前我約略看了他的《戰略藝術》，似懂非懂，但觀念始終盈於腦海，不敢或忘，隨著年歲增長而收穫日多。

簡言之，所謂「內線作戰」，即是居中央位置的己方對兩方面之敵的作戰，在己方兵力不足，或處於劣勢之際，採取內線作戰的方式，常可擊敗優勢兵力的敵方。己方兩個作戰線之間的距離，要比敵人的較為接近，可以採取戰略性的運動，交換的集中其兵力，以對付敵軍達到各個擊破之目的。

反法聯軍雖對拿破崙進行包圍，但各國實力強弱有差，想法不一，所以拿破崙主動出擊敵之弱方，讓其連線崩潰。當然，拿破崙絕不急躁，他判斷清楚、機動性強，終讓反法各方聞風喪膽。

今日綠營既屬被包圍模式，但所謂藍白既不可能合，非綠大聯盟更是各懷鬼胎，所以綠營及支持者就該先鎖定一方全力攻擊。過去這段歲月都集中攻擊檳榔，這有其主觀（綠營太痛恨檳榔）及客觀（認為白營是一盤散沙）因素；但如今真進入全面戰鬥期，有組織但行動較遲緩的藍營可能才該是綠營主戰核心。

賴營必須全力針對外交、國防擬定「內線作戰」模式，否則一味被動、老是遭紅藍媒抹黑，戰力難以施展，未免憂心多多。

再放遠點，儘管今天中國因和美國關係緊張，以致陷入「內線作戰」危險；但我注意到中國早已學得拿破崙面對「內線作戰」的模式，他敢於對菲律賓、台灣進行多重文攻武嚇，就知這兩地是抗中連線較脆弱處 。我們寄望新冷戰，但得了解中國不會束手無策，多了解拿破崙，就可更深理解中國的戰略方針。

所以看電影是一回事，了解拿破崙軍事戰略、戰術之神奇，才是今日台灣最需者。