Alma Mahler (1879-1965) , Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980), Sigmund Freud and Walter Gropius (1883-1969),
20 世紀前半葉的奇女子Alma (1879-1965) ，比Mahler小近20歲.....
| Alma Mahler | |
|---|---|
Alma Mahler (c. 1902).
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| Born | Alma Maria Schindler 31 August 1879 Vienna, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 11 December 1964 (aged 85) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Nationality | Austrian American |
| Occupation | Composer, socialite |
| Spouse(s) | Gustav Mahler (1902–1911: his death) Walter Gropius (1915–1920: divorced) Franz Werfel (1929–1945: his death) |
| Children | María Mahler, Anna Mahler, Manon Gropius, Martin Johannes Gropius |
Alma Maria Mahler Gropius Werfel (born Alma Maria Schindler; 31 August 1879 – 11 December 1964) was a Viennese-born composer and socialite. She became the wife, successively, of composer Gustav Mahler, architect Walter Gropius, and novelist Franz Werfel, as well as the consort of several other prominent men, notably painter Oskar Kokoschka. Musically active from her teens, she was the composer of at least seventeen songs for voice and piano. In later years her salon became part of the artistic scene, first in Vienna, then in Los Angeles.
Mahler on the Couch (German: Mahler auf der Couch) is a 2010 German film directed by Percy Adlon and Felix Adlon. It is an historical drama depicting an affair between Alma Mahler and Walter Gropius, and the subsequent psychoanalysis of Mahler's husband Gustav Mahler by Sigmund Freud.[1][2][3]
Historical accuracy[edit]
The affair between Alma Mahler and Walter Gropius did occur, and Gustav Mahler did consult Freud.[4] Alma did marry Gropius several years after Gustav's death.[5]:109 Ty Burr pointed out in his review of the film, "No one actually knows what Mahler and Freud talked about in their meeting."[6] Jeffrey Gantz made much the same point.[7]
The film focuses on Gustav Mahler's demand that Alma give up her own artistic efforts (composing songs) to live a more traditional life as a wife and mother, and on the stress this caused in their marriage.[6] There is some historical support for this concept. In a biography of Alma, Oliver Hilmes writes: "In her diaries, the echo of an authentically felt as well as an alleged loss of 'her' music resounds ... 'My heart stood still,' she noted in her diary, 'Give up – give away – my music, the thing I have lived for till now. My first thought was – write him off.'"[5]:41 But Hilmes goes on to say, "Later Alma put the legend into the world – and that is what makes it so hard to fathom the truth of her entries – that Mahler had forbidden her from composing. Today we can see from Mahler's Dresden letter just how groundless this claim is."[5]:41 And there were other sources of strain: Hilmes mentions "…a lifelong hostile rivalry between Alma and Mahler's close friends."[5]:44
After Gustav Mahler's death in May 1911, Alma carried on a correspondence with Gropius while she was having a multi-year affair and living with Oskar Kokoschka.[5]:94–5,97,103–4 She married Gropius on 18 May 1915.[5]:109 Hilmes describes the marriage as "over before it could even begin".[5]:109 Hilmes concludes that the marriage had "much more to do with a social, in any case exterior convention that had her thinking she needed to marry again ... Love ... was just not part of the game."[5]:109None of these complexities are dealt with in the film.[7]
Alma Mahler stirred strong passions in many who knew her, both positive and negative. Hilmes asks "How can one person provoke such paeans of love on the one hand, and such tirades of loathing on the other?"[5]:1 Hilmes goes on to say "The list of contemporaries – husbands, lovers hangers-on, and satellites – who crossed paths with Alma Mahler-Werfel ... is long and reads like a 'Who's Who in the Twentieth Century'."[5]:1 This causes Kirk Honeycutt to comment that the film is a "crowded cocktail party of famous names".[8]
Critical reception[edit]
David DeWitt wrote in The New York Times: "The scenes with Karl Markovics, as Freud, are the lingering appeal of this artfully composed film, framed with aesthetic care and scored with Mahler's music..." and "For all its drama (and creative filmmaking), the crisis that Mahler describes plays out airy and rote. Mr. Silberschneider and Ms. Romaner are clearly strong actors, but a core spontaneity seems missing, and their emoting veers toward melodrama."[3]
Ty Burr, in a review for Boston.com, said:
Kirk Honeycutt wrote in The Hollywood Reporter:
Jeffrey Gantz, writing in the Boston Phoenix, commented on some of the discrepancies between the film and history, concluding: "Mahler on the Couch doesn't plumb any psychological depths. It's a decent addition to the modest list of films about the composer, but no substitute for Mahler, Ken Russell's 1974 comic-strip classic."[7]
日本、台灣的片名依照此： 『マーラー 君に捧げるアダージョ』（マーラー きみにささげるアダージョ、Mahler auf der Couch）は、2010年のドイツ・オーストリア合作映画。
君に捧げるアダージョAdagio dedicated to you
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