2020年5月31日 星期日

美國種族騷亂,美歐抗議 :George Floyd 喬治·佛洛伊德和他生命的最後三十分鐘;Three police officers appeared to kneel on George Floyd in new video. "This shouldn't be 'normal' in 2020 America. It can't be 'normal.' If we want our children to grow up in a nation that lives up to its highest ideals, we can and must be better," former President Barack Obama said in a statement










Crowds gather to demonstrate in London, Berlin and Copenhagen as anger over the death of George Floyd spills into Europe.





"This shouldn't be 'normal' in 2020 America. It can't be 'normal.' If we want our children to grow up in a nation that lives up to its highest ideals, we can and must be better," former President
Barack Obama
said in a statement







EDITION.CNN.COM





Protests stemming from the death of George Floyd are now surfacing in Europe











美國種族騷亂:喬治·佛洛伊德和他生命的最後三十分鐘



喬治·佛洛伊德圖片版權TWITTER/RUTH RICHARDSON

一場嚴重的種族騷亂波及美國各地。這一切,都起源於46歲的喬治·佛洛伊德和一張20美元的鈔票。
5月25日,美國明尼蘇達州黑人男子佛洛依德被警員制服期間死亡。事件再次挑起民眾長期以來對非裔美國人死於警方手下的憤怒,引發大規模抗議示威和騷亂。
當晚,喬治·佛洛伊德在一家名叫Cup Foods的雜貨店買了一包煙。
店員認為,他付的那張面值20的美鈔是假幣,隨後報警。

誰是佛洛依德?

佛洛伊德今年46歲,原籍休斯敦,幾年前遷居明尼波利斯。
過去一段時間,他的工作是保安,但是,和其它數以百萬計的美國人一樣,新冠疫情暴發後失業。
佛洛伊德是Cup Foods雜貨店的常客。店主邁克(Mike Anumayyaleh)告訴美國媒體NBC,佛洛伊德人很友善,是好主顧,從來沒惹過麻煩。
但是出事那天,店主邁克恰好不在。報警的店員比較年輕,還不到20歲。懷疑假鈔報警,只是遵循店規。
根據官方公布的錄音文稿,當晚20:01分,店員致電911,告訴接線生說,他讓佛洛伊德把煙交出來,對方不同意。
店員還說,佛洛伊德好像「喝醉了」、「控制不了自己」。
打完電話沒多久,大約20:08分,兩位警察抵達現場。當時佛洛伊德和其它兩人坐在街角邊停放的一輛車內。

發生了什麼?

警察走進汽車,其中一人雷恩(Thomas Lane)拿出槍,要佛洛伊德亮出雙手。檢控官沒有解釋為什麼雷恩認為有必要掏槍。
檢控官說,雷恩「將手放在佛洛伊德身上,要把他從車中拉出來。」佛洛伊德「拒絶被戴手銬」。
不過,戴上手銬後,佛洛伊德順從。雷恩解釋,拘捕他的原因是「用假鈔」。
當警察試圖把佛洛伊德帶入警車時,爭鬥開始。
檢控報告說,大約20:14分,佛洛伊德「身體殭直,摔在地上,告訴警官他幽閉恐懼。」
這時,警官肖萬(Derek Chauvin)抵達現場。他和其他幾名警察再次試圖把佛洛伊德帶入警車。
這期間,20:19分時,肖萬把佛洛伊德從副駕一方拉出來,佛洛伊德摔倒。
他依然帶著手銬,臉朝下趴在地上。

目擊者視頻顯示什麼?

這時目擊者開始拍攝。視頻顯示,佛洛伊德看起來焦躁不安。多個目擊者拍攝的視頻在社媒廣泛流傳。
佛洛伊德被警察制服,肖萬把膝蓋頂在佛洛伊德頭部、頸部。
佛洛伊德多次呻吟,「我呼吸不了」,「請不要殺我。」
檢控官報告說,肖萬膝蓋頂住佛洛伊德的脖子總計持續8分鐘46秒。
進入第六分鐘時,佛洛伊德不再掙扎。視頻顯示,當時佛洛伊德不再發聲,旁觀者讓警察檢查佛洛伊德的脈搏。
其中一名警察(JA Kueng)檢查了佛洛伊德右腕脈搏,但是「摸不到」。不過,警察仍然沒有移開。
20:27分,肖萬把膝蓋從佛洛伊德頸部挪開。佛洛伊德一動未動,被放上蓋尼牀架,急救車送往Hennepin County醫療中心。
一小時後,佛洛伊德宣佈死亡。
佛洛伊德死前一天的晚上,曾和最要好的朋友哈利斯(Christopher Harris)通電話。哈利斯建議他去聯繫臨時工介紹所。
哈利斯說,造假,不符合佛洛伊德的性格。


New video posted on social media appears to show three Minneapolis Police Department officers kneeling on George Floyd during his arrest. Previous video from eyewitness Darnella Frazier showed Floyd, 46, being knelt on by one officer--Derek Chauvin. CNN has not been able to locate the person who shot the new video.

2020年5月19日 星期二

紀念漢寶德先生 2020:談他的歐美日遊記 (3)《域外抒情》1978兩處藝術瑰寶,卻無附圖:韋茲萊教堂 Vézelay Abbey、 Glasgow School of Art






Did you know you can experience the wonders of our city from home?
The Independent
has assembled a lockdown-friendly tour of Edinburgh’s most iconic locations to enjoy online. Cruise around, watch a live comedy show, or toggle through a 360 degree view of Arthur's seat!








----


漢寶德先生讀過的哈佛、普林斯頓兩大學,藝術、建築、設計等領域的藏書豐富,譬如哈佛設計研究所自己的圖書館 ,已有70多萬本專業藏書,所以他們上藝術史時,可以參考許多專題專著。《域外抒情》的許多參觀,是用腳實際去體驗以前書中介紹的世界藝術傑作。《域外抒情》1978兩處藝術瑰寶,卻無附圖:韋茲萊教堂 Vézelay Abbey、 Glasgow School of Art 。




書有它的限制,文字幾乎無法表達圖像,譬如說,記參觀Charles Rennie Mackintosh( 請參考Wikipedia的相關資料,YouTube更可貴)設計的Glasgow School of Art ,約有2頁文字,沒讀過相關資料、圖片、影片等,可能很隔。讀過的人,可以看出漢先生的觀察力和" (藝術)史識"......


Maria Herrity


CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH ENTHUSIASTS


Book ten of the Yellow Book, the reason that I sought out this edition was for two of the artists, Frances Macdonald and Margaret Macdonald, unfortunately the cover has been stained!

From the CRM society


"THE FOUR - MACKINTOSH AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES


The group known as ‘The Four’ comprised Charles Rennie Mackintosh, James Herbert MacNair (1868 - 1955), and the sisters, Margaret Macdonald (1864 - 1933) and Frances Macdonald (1873 - 1921).


The artists met as young students at Glasgow School of Art in the mid 1890s. Mackintosh and MacNair were close friends and fellow apprentice architects in the Glasgow practice of Honeyman and Keppie, and the sisters were day students at Glasgow School of Art. They formed an informal creative alliance which produced innovative and at times controversial graphics and decorative art designs which made an important contribution to the development and recognition of a distinctive ‘Glasgow Style’.


In 1899 MacNair and Frances Macdonald married and moved to Liverpool. Mackintosh and Margaret Macdonald married the following year, remaining in Glasgow till 1914."




































*****

Vézelay - France - Tourist Guide by Travel & Discover



漢寶德採用梵滋雷(Vezelay) 讀音 近 維茲雷
Wikipedia
韋茲萊(法語:Vézelay)是法國勃艮第大區約訥省的一個市鎮,屬於阿瓦隆區韋茲萊縣。該市鎮2009年時的人口為428人。


韋茲萊教堂
La Basilique Sainte Marie-Madeleine





Vézelay Abbey



Vézelay Abbey


韋茲萊教堂 法國韋茲萊




Vézelay










Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap



人口動態 人口 市: 492人(1999年

人口密度 978人/km2


地理 座標 北緯47度27分59秒 東経3度44分54秒


面積 市: 21.83km2 (2 183ha)



它位於山丘上,還有聖馬德琳大教堂,該大教堂聲稱已轉移了抹大拉的瑪利亞(頭骨)的遺骸[2]。 它於1979年被註冊為聯合國教科文組織世界遺產,名稱為“韋斯利教堂和山丘”。 中世紀的自由城市之一。 聖伯納德在那裡提出了第二次十字軍東征。 羅曼.羅蘭(Romain Rolland,一八六六~一九四四)

丘上にあり、マグダラのマリアの遺骸(頭蓋骨)を移送したと主張するサント=マドレーヌ大聖堂などがある[2]。「ヴェズレーの教会と丘」という名で1979年ユネスコ世界遺産に登録されている。中世自由都市のひとつ。この地で聖ベルナールが第二次十字軍を提唱した。ロマン・ロラン終焉の地でもある。


小鎮街道上嵌入的扇貝圖案是前往聖地牙哥德孔波斯特拉聖地的嚮導。 這條路很遠,穿過比利牛斯山脈到達西班牙。 這是一條從維澤萊(Vezelay)跨境到伊比利亞半島西北部的朝聖之路。 這條道路也被列為世界遺產,是“法國聖地亞哥德孔波斯特拉的朝聖之路”。

町の通りに埋め込まれている帆立貝の文様は、聖地サンティアゴ・デ・コンポステーラへの道しるべである。道はここから遠く、ピレネー山脈を越えてスペインへと続く。ヴェズレーから国境を越え、イベリア半島北西部に続く巡礼道である。この道も「フランスのサンティアゴ・デ・コンポステーラの巡礼路」として世界遺産に登録されている。




漢寶德文中談的柱頭雕刻,舉世聞名

柱頭上的聖經(簡體書)
出版社: 廣西師範大學出版社
作者:嘯聲
裝訂/頁數:精裝/547頁
規格(高/寬):20.8*14.6cm
出版日:2013/09/01
圖第5. 27.34. 35. 36. 49. 80. 51. 53. 57.64. 107. 169. 199. 200. 203. 204 .208. 209. 210. 211. 219. 221. 222. 223. 243. 244. 248. 257等,都取自韋茲萊教堂 Vézelay Abbey





Chartres and Bible;嘯聲 《柱頭上的〈聖經〉》;Capitelli, colonne, Ordini in dettaglio


André Malraux
Extract from The Metamorphosis of the Gods, Writings on Art, Pléiade t.2, p. 189-190.


[...] the unit which most symbolizes the ,Roman genius: the sculpture of Vézelay. It owes to a prestigious mannerism the decorative success which ensures its glory. It has been the tolerated art of centuries which disdained Romanesque art, of the century which hid out of contempt - and inadvertently saved - the tympanum of Autun. His brilliantly Romanesque writing teaches us how much of a Romanesque genius is not a writing. His imposing Christ of chaser possesses the majesty of the Christs of that time, and an admirable magnitude which belongs only to him; but the more the characters around him move away from him, the more poetry replaces the veneration of Autun and Moissac. The tympanum represents the sending of the apostles to the nations, the very subject which had aroused the disturbing figures of Byzantine sculpture. Yet the preachers become ornamental flames there; they evangelize pygmies, dog-men, those whose feet are small benches and those who wrap themselves at night in their big ears ... This evangelization of chimeras does not take place between Moissac and Autun, but above of the cloister bestiary - of which it is the masterpiece.






The genius of Romanesque sculpture merges with that of this Christ, not with that of his fabulous people [...]





Vézelay 寺田直子『フランスの美しい村を歩く』東海教育研究所、2016年、90頁。ISBN 978-4-486-03796-5

紀念漢寶德先生 2020:談他的歐美日遊記 (2),偏重英國,《域外抒情》1978、《漢寶德建築行》2012



紀念漢寶德 先生  2020:談他的歐美日遊記 (1),偏重英國,《域外抒情》1978、《漢寶德建築行》2012  〈 〉




《域外抒情》1978 的目次

自序
倫敦的公共汽車
英倫拓畫記
我所見的歐洲中國式宮飾
西班牙三畫家
旅遊話公車
自吃一枚雞蛋說起
倫敦的公園
登高望眼看歐洲
萊茵與多瑙
梵滋雷
大眼睛的天使們
孤傲的蘇格蘭
城堡的故事
倫敦的博物館
黑衣教士們的加州
水城之旅
浪漫道上的山城紅磚砌成的北歐

我們比較蔣彝(啞行者Chiang Ye 年約1938年的《倫敦畫記》 The Silent Traveller in London的目錄,跟漢寶德先生的《域外抒情》1978中的輪都寫法,真是大異其趣。設定的讀者,藝術觀.....







目錄

序 Foreword
前言 Introduction
Part I 倫敦景色 London Scene
倫敦的春天 Spring in London
倫敦的夏天 Summer in London
倫敦的秋天 Autumn in London
倫敦的冬天 Winter in London
倫敦的霧 London Fog
月下倫敦 London under the Moon
雪中倫敦 London in Snow
風雨中的倫敦 London in Wind and Rain
PART II 倫敦生活 London Life
關於兒童 About Childen
談書籍 On Books
關於雕塑 About Statues
人名研究 A Study of Names
在美術館 At Galleries
談戲劇與電影 On Plays and Films
關於下午茶 About Teatime
談食物 On Food
談飲酒 On Drink or Wine
談男人 On Men
談女人 On Women
老人 On Old Age
幾位人物 Some Personalities
結語 Conclusion

《域外抒情》的一項缺點是:許多洋名未附原文,中文翻譯多漢寶德式,有點隨意、任性的漢字,我起碼可舉十幾個。
---- 談完兩篇公共汽車的文章,

英倫拓畫記〉,"英倫"指的是倫敦與劍橋的拓畫經驗,漢寶德先生或嫌西敏寺太擠,其大理石上的刻畫也不如銅板刻畫更常見,有古趣,所以想方設法在倫敦買拓畫的道具,試找教堂問是否可進去拓,可惜倫敦的都已過開放外人拓畫的期間,只好到劍橋去,順道一遊。





現在資訊很方便,我們可以找到千倍的例子,如:
monumental brass is a type of engraved sepulchral memorial which in the 13th century began to partially take the place of three-dimensional monuments and effigies carved in stone or wood. Made of hard latten or sheet brass, let into the pavement, and thus forming no obstruction in the space required for the services of the church, they speedily came into general use, and continued to be a favourite style of sepulchral memorial for three centuries

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Monumental_brass



****

 〈我所見的歐洲中國式宮飾 〉,談英國和德奧的。

寶塔(Pagoda):1762年為薩克森-哥達的奧古斯塔公主建,由英國國王喬治三世的皇家建築師威廉·錢伯斯設計,當然也是作為他本人對中國建築興趣的一種紀念,在18世紀中期,英國的園林設計中非常流行中國風。據說是仿照中國南京大報恩寺琉璃塔而建,也是英國唯一的中式皇家寶塔。寶塔高163英尺(約合50米),共10層,為八角形磚塔,灰牆紅軒,塔頂邊緣盤繞80條彩色木龍,為邱園寧靜的南部創造了一個景點。但因年久失修,自20世紀中後期起向公眾關閉近半個世紀。直到2016年9月,邱園寶塔修復工程開工,這是由中國企業三胞集團出資贊助,是寶塔建成255年來的第一次修繕工程。2017年11月10日舉行寶塔木龍揭幕儀式.....

The Pagoda
In the southeast corner of Kew Gardens stands the Great Pagoda (by Sir William Chambers), erected in 1762, from a design in imitation of the Chinese Ta. The lowest of the ten octagonal storeys is 15 m (49 ft) in diameter. From the base to the highest point is 50 m (164 ft).
Each storey finishes with a projecting roof, after the Chinese manner, originally covered with ceramic tiles and adorned with large dragons; a story is still propagated that they were made of gold and were reputedly sold by George IV to settle his debts.[51] In fact the dragons were made of wood painted gold, and simply rotted away with the ravages of time. The walls of the building are composed of brick. The staircase, 253 steps, is in the centre of the building. During the Second World War holes were cut in each floor to allow for drop-testing of model bombs.
The Pagoda was closed to the public for many years, but was reopened for the summer months of 2006. It is has been renovated in a major restoration project and reopened under the aegis of Historic Royal Palaces in 2018.[52] 80 dragons have been remade and now sit on each storey of the building.
***
漢寶德先生所談的,其圖示,請用下述link,查圖片:
Royal Pavilion chinese interior

背景資料,Wikipedia:
英王閣(Royal Pavilion)是位於英國海濱旅遊勝地布賴頓的豪華宮殿,為威爾斯親王喬治所建。它是一所一級登錄建築[1]

歷史[編輯]

1783年,喬治首次訪問布賴頓,進行海水物理治療痛風。1786年他租下一間農舍。
1815年—1822年 ,建築師約翰·納西重新設計宮殿,今天看見的就是他的作品。宮殿就在布賴頓的中心。外觀受到印度伊斯蘭建築風格(莫臥兒王朝)的強烈影響,有點類似印度泰姬陵。富於幻想的內部設計,基本上出自弗雷德里克·格雷斯(Frederick Crace)和羅伯特·瓊斯(Robert Jones),內部裝飾和擺設則充滿中國情調。這是個完美異國情調的例證,是對攝政風格更加古典的主流口味的一種變通辦法


In 1786, under a financial cloud with investigation by Parliament for the extravagances incurred in building Carlton House, London, the Prince rented a modest, erstwhile farmhouse facing the Old Steine, a grassy area of Brighton used as a promenade by visitors. Remote from the Royal Court in London, the Pavilion was a discreet location for the Prince to enjoy private liaisons with his long-time companion, Maria Fitzherbert. The Prince had wished to marry her, and did so in secrecy as her Roman Catholic religion prohibited his marrying her under the Royal Marriages Act 1772.

The richly decorated Banqueting Room at the Royal Pavilion, from John Nash's Views of the Royal Pavilion (1826)

The ceiling of the Music Room at the Royal Pavilion

Grand Saloon at the Royal Pavilion in Brighton from John Nash's Views of the Royal Pavilion (1826)
In 1787, the Prince commissioned the designer of Carlton House, Henry Holland, to enlarge the existing building. It became one wing of the Marine Pavilion, flanking a central rotunda, which contained three main rooms: a breakfast room, dining room, and library, fitted out in Holland's French-influenced neoclassical style, with decorative paintings by Biagio Rebecca. In 1801–02, the Pavilion was enlarged with a new dining room and conservatory, to designs of Peter Frederick Robinson, who worked in Holland's office. The Prince also purchased land surrounding the property, on which a grand riding school and stables were built in an Indian style in 1803–08, to designs by William Porden. These provided stabling for 60 horses and dwarfed the Marine Pavilion.[5]
Between 1815 and 1822, the designer John Nash redesigned and greatly extended the Pavilion, and it is his work that is still visible today.[6] The palace is striking in the middle of Brighton, for its Indo-Islamic exterior is unique. The fanciful interior design, primarily by Frederick Crace and the little-known decorative painter Robert Jones, was heavily influenced by both Chinese and Indian fashion (with Mughal and Islamic architectural elements). It is a prime example of the exoticism that was an alternative to more classicising mainstream taste in the Regency style.


The Royal Pavilion at dusk
***

〈倫敦的博物館 〉一文,涵蓋面比一般介紹的更廣。

當時大英博物館British Museum有6百萬本珍貴藏書。著名的閱覽室要辦閱讀證。

那些書轉到The British Library
新居,待查。



漢寶德先生參觀  V&A 的 Morris 家具專室:
William Morris and the V&A
https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/william-morris-and-the-va

---
漢寶德先生參訪過當今改為設計博物館的前身:
第8集 倫敦設計博物館The Design Museum〔建築師:John Pawson 約翰波森〕...
---
The Museum of London documents the history of the UK's capital city from prehistoric to modern times and is located in the City of London on the London Wall, close to the Barbican Centre and is part of the Barbican complex of buildings created in the 1960s and 1970s to redevelop a bomb-damaged area of the City.
漢寶德先生看的合併前的:他也說有專室展他喜歡的Brass Monument.....見前說明
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_London

----
漢寶德先生注意到Greenwich 的博物館群,從Thames 河上小山,風水極佳,是英國海軍、空軍、天文、科技等的展示。

Royal Museums Greenwich |
www.rmg.co.uk

A top-10 visitor attraction in London, Royal Museums Greenwich is home to GMT and the Royal Observatory, Cutty Sark, the National Maritime Museum and the Queen's House art gallery.


National Maritime Museum - Royal Museums Greenwich
www.rmg.co.uk › national-maritime-...


Visit the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London. Discover epic stories of exploration and endeavour that have shaped our world today. Free entry.


*** 漢寶德ˋ 《域外抒情》參訪米蘭大教堂的相關資料如下:
2. 米蘭(Milano)解封城,BBC訪問幾位"復工"女主管,有的說,她的業務牽涉國際百人,所以還要等一陣子 (她太樂觀了.......);最令我感動的,一位哭出來了,死亡直此逼近,就在"臉前",慶幸活下來.....
紀念此名城劫難,請各位跟我紙上由米蘭大教堂:

 Dedicated to the Nativity of St Mary (Santa Maria Nascente), it is the seat of the Archbishop of Milan, currently Archbishop Mario Delpini.
The cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete: construction began in 1386, and the final details were completed in 1965. 

Milan Cathedral
Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica of the Nativity of Saint Mary
Basilica cattedrale metropolitana di Santa Maria Nascente  (Italian)
Milan Cathedral from Piazza del Duomo.jpg
Milan Cathedral from the Square
Milan Cathedral is located in Milan
Milan Cathedral
Milan Cathedral
Location in Milan
45°27′51″N 9°11′29″ECoordinates45°27′51″N 9°11′29″E
LocationVia Carlo Maria Martini, 1
20122 Milan
CountryItaly
DenominationRoman Catholic
TraditionAmbrosian Rite
WebsiteMilan Duomo
History
StatusCathedralminor basilica
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architect(s)Simone da Orsenigo
et al.[1]
StyleGothic
Groundbreaking1386 (original building)
Completed1965
Specifications
Capacity40,000
Length158.6 metres (520 ft)
Width92 metres (302 ft)
Nave width16.75 metres (55.0 ft)
Height108 metres (354 ft)
Other dimensionsFacade facing West
Dome height (outer)65.6 metres (215 ft)
Number of spires135
Spire height108.5 metres (356 ft)
MaterialsBrick with Candoglia marble[2]
Administration
ArchdioceseArchdiocese of Milan
Clergy
ArchbishopMario Delpini
Laity
Director of musicClaudio Burgio[3]
Organist(s)Emanuele Carlo Vianelli
(organista titolare)

Plate celebrating the laying of the first stone in 1386.

6世紀來的Architects and engineers名單:

A stone rooftop, sloping down from a level center to edges where intricately decorated stone spires rise, with statues atop, proceeding toward a rear wall with some more spires. Near the walls people are gathered. Above is a blue sky largely covered with thin clouds
Tourists on the roof