美國環保署 稱必須從自來水中去除“永遠的化學物質”
該規則適用於一系列被稱為 PFAS 的化學物質,這些化學物質與嚴重的健康影響有關。 自來水公司認為成本太高。
新措施將要求公用事業公司將飲用水中的 PFAS 物質減少到接近零的水平。
E.P.A. Says ‘Forever Chemicals’ Must Be Removed From Tap Water. 含氟表面活性劑(也稱氟化表面活性劑或氟基表面活性劑,fluorinated surfactant 簡寫為FAS) measure will require utilities to reduce PFAS substances in drinking water to near-zero levels.
E.P.A. Says ‘Forever Chemicals’ Must Be Removed From Tap Water
The rule applies to a family of chemicals known as PFAS that are linked to serious health effects. Water utilities argue the cost is too great.ubstances in drinking water to near-zero levels.Credit...Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
含氟表面活性劑(也稱氟化表面活性劑或氟基表面活性劑,fluorinated surfactant 簡寫為FAS),是多個氟原子取代氫所得到的一類表面活性劑。[1]含氟表面活性劑在降低表面張力的能力上比傳統的碳氫表面活性劑更具有優勢。這類表面活性劑有氟化的「尾巴」和親水的「頭」。一些人造的含氟表面活性劑,如PFOS、PFOA等屬於持久性有機污染物,在人體和野外被檢測到存在。[2]
人工智慧概述
全氟和多氟烷基物質 (PFAS) 是一類超過 12,000 種合成“永久性化學物質”,自 20 世紀 50 年代以來,因其防水、防油和防污的特性而被廣泛應用於不粘鍋、食品包裝和消防泡沫等產品中。由於其碳氟鍵牢固,PFAS 不易降解,會在環境、水體和人體內累積。接觸 PFAS 與癌症、肝損傷和甲狀腺疾病等健康風險有關。
美國國家環境健康科學研究所 (.gov)
PFAS 的關鍵特性:
常見來源:存在於防污地毯、防水服裝、不沾鍋(特氟龍)、食品包裝、清潔產品和消防泡沫。
環境持久性:PFAS 被稱為“永久性化學物質”,不易在環境中分解,導致水體和土壤的持續污染。
健康影響:接觸 PFAS 與多種健康問題有關,包括膽固醇升高、甲狀腺功能障礙和某些癌症。
全球污染:PFAS 遍布全球,研究表明,超過 99% 的美國人口體內均可檢測到 PFAS。
法規:許多國家透過《斯德哥爾摩公約》等國際協議限制 PFOA、PFOS 和 PFHxS 的使用。
常用 PFAS 術語:
PFOA:全氟辛酸。
PFOS:全氟辛烷磺酸。
PFHxS:全氟己烷磺酸。
AFFF:水成膜泡沫滅火劑。
美國環保署 (.gov)
如欲了解台灣地區的法規詳情,您可以造訪水質保護網路或台灣 WATCH 關於 PFAS 法規的文章。
AI Overview
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 12,000 synthetic "forever chemicals" used since the 1950s for their water-, grease-, and stain-resistant properties in products like non-stick cookware, food packaging, and firefighting foam. Due to their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, they do not easily degrade, accumulating in the environment, water, and human bodies. Exposure is linked to health risks like cancer, liver damage, and thyroid disease.
Key Aspects of PFAS:
- Common Sources: Found in stain-resistant carpets, waterproof clothing, non-stick pans (Teflon), food packaging, cleaning products, and firefighting foam.
- Environmental Persistence:Known as "forever chemicals," they do not easily break down in the environment, leading to persistent pollution in water and soil.
- Health Effects: Exposure has been linked to health issues including elevated cholesterol, thyroid dysfunction, and certain cancers.
- Global Contamination: PFAS are found worldwide, with studies showing >99% of the U.S. population has detectable levels in their bodies.
- Regulations: Many countries are restricting PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS through international agreements like the Stockholm Convention.
Commonly Used PFAS Terms:
- PFOA: Perfluorooctanoic acid.
- PFOS: Perfluorooctane sulfonate.
- PFHxS: Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid.
- AFFF: Aqueous film-forming foam.
For more information on regulations in Taiwan, you can visit the Water Quality Protection Network or the Taiwan WATCH article on PFAS regulation.
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