2026年8月4日 星期二

Robert Merton羅伯特·K·默頓的書:On the Shoulders of Giants: A Shandean Postscript 《站在巨人的肩膀上:香迪的後記》The Matthew effect所謂的"馬太效應": 路加 8:18 所以你們要當心,如何聆聽。因爲凡🈶的,更要多給;凡沒有的,則連他自以爲有的,也要奪去。。 serendipity 這字的故事The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity:

 Fermat's Library on X: ""The Matthew Effect in Science ...

The Matthew effect, or cumulative advantage, is the social phenomenon where individuals who already possess success, fame, money, or prestige tend to earn more of it, while those with fewer initial resources fall further behind. [1, 2]
American sociologist Robert K. Merton and Harriet Zuckerman coined the term in 1968. Merton specifically used it to describe how the scientific community distributes recognition. [1, 2]
Core Concepts in Science
  • Disproportionate Credit: Famous or well-established scientists receive more recognition, awards, and citations than lesser-known researchers, even when their contributions or paper qualities are identical. [1, 2, 3]
  • Resource Concentration: Grant money, top-tier journal publications, and talented collaborators tend to flow toward already-prestigious labs and institutions, amplifying the gap over time. [1, 2, 3]
  • Collaboration Overshadowing: When famous and unknown researchers co-author a paper, the prominent scientist often receives the vast majority of the public credit. [1, 2]
Origin of the Name
  • The Bible: The term comes from the Parable of the Talents in the biblical Gospel of Matthew ("For to every one who has will more be given, and he will have abundance; but from him who has not, even what he has will be taken away").
  • Common Adage: It is often summarized by the phrase "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer". [1, 2]
Applications Beyond Science
  • Education: Early reading advantages compound; good readers improve faster and widen the vocabulary/learning gap compared to struggling readers. [1, 2]
  • Economics & Tech: Early market leaders or projects with initial visibility (like viral videos or crowdfunding campaigns) attract subsequent attention much faster than superior items starting from zero. [1, 2]


路加 8:18 所以你們要當心,如何聆聽。因爲凡🈶的,更要多給;凡沒有的,則連他自以爲有的,也要奪去。 同19:26 2026 0804 直接讀


0915  2014 一 所謂的"馬太效應"


***** 論 周教授的:"臺大有錢最大"
其實捐款給大學,可能也有所謂的"馬太效應":

馬太效應典出《馬太福音第13章第12節和一對相似的經文——馬太福音第25章第29節、《路加福音第19章第11-26節:
凡有的,還要加給他,叫他有餘;凡沒有的,連他所有的也要奪去。

臺大集國人的寵愛於一身,所以它是大學捐款的吸金機:譬如說,化學系的"積學館",是張忠謀先生給李遠哲先生和陳校長的面子。就我所知,張先生也不輕易見大學校長的。他還每年到臺大演講,給大家思考的參考資料,可說給足了臺大的面子。"積學館"的命名,也有點不俗。

Naming Right 是英美大學學界不得不屈服的壓力與趨勢。臺大表面上是公立大學,實際上自籌經費---即用國家給的資源經營辦學---的比率頗高,所以他要把關的是價碼和條件的談判能力和格調而已。

The Harvard Crimson 分享了 1 條連結
ICYMI: With naming rights on the table, Harvard gave its price. A look behind scenes of Gerald Chan's record gift | http://ow.ly/BrTZz

*****

臺灣與海洋亞洲

臺大有錢最大

       臺大明天(9月15日)開學,社會科學院就要正式從徐州路校區遷回校總區,原本位在徐州路的「國立臺灣大學法律暨社會科學院圖書分館」(法社分館),也一併遷回位在辛亥路的社科院新大樓。在圖書館的組織編制上,法社「分館」自9月1日起,變成圖書館內的一個組──「圖書館社會科學資源服務組」,但新的館舍空間卻命名為「辜振甫先生紀念圖書館」,預定在9月15日試營運。這種以財團老闆、公司名稱、捐款人姓名當作館舍名稱的情況,在 2002年以後的臺大,逐漸變成一種「風景」。依照目前規定(2013年5月28日以前更寬鬆),只要捐贈新建物建築經費的二分之一,你就可以在臺大校園插旗,「以留永念」;不到二分之一的話,可視捐款比例,指定新館的某一空間來命名,直到此建案重建;如果捐贈的是現有空間的修繕經費,也可以留名20年。(詳見:「國立臺灣大學接受捐贈致謝辦法」第5條:http://ppt.cc/iymL。)

       只不過啟用在即的「辜振甫先生紀念圖書館」,命名方式直接連名帶姓,是繼「嚴慶齡工業研究中心」、「梁次震宇宙學與粒子天文物理學研究中心」之後第三例(祈網友指正),看來以後會是定例?

       臺大校園的新建築,到處貼著有錢商人和財團的名字,不知哪一天會全部被占領?將來您若一抬頭看到黑心貨大王的大名,可別跑去收驚喔。

       經初步整理,由捐贈者命名的臺北校區館舍,連名帶姓除外,歸納起來,大致可以分成四個類型:第一類隱姓彰名型,取捐贈者的姓名的「名」字,如「尊賢館」(吳尊賢)、「萬才館」(蔡萬才)、「介宙樓」(劉介宙),這類最坦率、最直接,就是要跟世人宣告這棟是我捐的囉。第二類是同音異字型,例如「博理館」當然是捐款人廣達集團的林百里先生啦,「百里」有學問的人會讀成「ㄅㄛˊㄌㄧˇ」,臺大還是很有學問的呢。第三類是腦筋繞彎型:用意在紀念個人,但卻要轉個彎,才能和當代「知名有錢」人士做連結,「霖澤館」是捐款人蔡宏圖要跟大家說,這棟建築是他父親蔡萬「霖」捐的喔,而我們可都沐其恩澤呢。第四類是相對含蓄型:例如「明達館」,是「明」基電通+友「達」光電,乍看之下會以為只是用個普通的華文詞彙,還讓人感覺有點boring呢。再如「德田館」,取華宇科技董事長李森田的一個字。

       中文好像比較好作文章,需要腦筋轉彎的部分,在英文館名中一一現形:「博理館」叫做 Barry Lam Hall,林百里的英文名字就是 Barry Lam;「霖澤館」叫做 Tsai Lecture Hall,就是「蔡家」捐的囉,如假包換。

       看來「辜振甫先生紀念圖書館」還是直白一點,至少「英譯中、中譯英」是一致的,沒有那種「中國」、「中華」都是China的迷糊帳。親愛的校友,連名帶姓「占領」臺大校園看來是新主流,畢竟有錢有勢,真的比較好辦事,比起轉型正義真是好辦多了。不然,您看看一個陳文成紀念碑,還要在校務會議吵翻天。那碑也沒值幾毛錢,當然無法「以留永念」了。

      看了以上的整理,如果您認為我們在講風涼話,那就有點誤會了。我們很了解臺大的營運必須仰賴大筆捐款,邁頂計畫結束後尤其迫切,因此更須從長計議。我們誠摯地建議校方:盡量鼓勵「非特定目的的捐款」,這樣校方才能對校園進行統籌性的規劃和建設,也可避免財團東捐一棟、西捐一棟,棄之可惜,要了又無法因應教學和教育上的真正需求。至於將建物交由捐款單位命名,此風萬萬不可長。大學如果是傳授知識和培養人格的地方,怎能到處標明有錢最大?還要被迫感其恩澤呢!


表格下載點:https://www.dropbox.com/s/ns732i8ee3rdst6/JPG.jpg?dl=0
以上的整理應該不完整,我們目前做到這裡,還請網友接力、指正。

參考資料:
1.國立臺灣大學臺北校區地圖建物索引:
http://www.ntu.edu.tw/about/map/C_01_list130718.jpg
2.國立臺灣大學校園地圖:
http://map.ntu.edu.tw/ntu.html




 

serendipity的故事


serendipity
/ˌsɛr(ə)nˈdɪpɪti/
Serendipity means finding good or valuable things by chance, without looking for them. It is often called a "happy accident" or unexpected good luck. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Word Origin
  • Coined in 1754: Created by English writer Horace Walpole in a letter to a friend.
  • Persian Tale: Inspired by an old Persian fairy tale called The Three Princes of Serendip.
  • Serendip: The old Persian and Arabic name for Sri Lanka.
  • Prince's Luck: The heroes in the story always made great discoveries by accident and with smart thinking. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Examples in Real Life
  • Science: Finding something amazing while trying to test a different idea, like how penicillin was discovered.
  • Daily Life: Meeting an old friend in a far-away city when you thought they were home.
  • Travel: Finding a hidden, wonderful restaurant because you took a wrong turn down a small street. [1, 2, 3]
If you want, I can share:
  • Famous real-world examples of scientific serendipity
  • Other unique words that are hard to translate
  • Details about the 2001 romantic comedy film named Serendipity
Let me know how you would like to continue.





the fact of finding interesting or valuable things by chance (偶然發現有趣或珍貴之物的)機緣,幸



Robert Merton defined serendipity as the faculty of making desirable discoveries by accident and sagacity (smart observation) of unanticipated, anomalous, and strategic data during research. [1]
Key Aspects of Merton's Serendipity
  • The Serendipity Pattern: Introduced in 1946, it describes when a researcher observes an unexpected, curious, or strange fact (anomalous) and uses it to develop a new theory or redirect their research (strategic). [1, 2, 3, 4]
  • Scientific Discovery: Merton argued that scientific progress is rarely a straight line. Instead, it is a messy blend of hard work, mistakes, logic, and happy accidents. [1]
  • The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity: Co-written with Elinor Barber in the 1950s (and published later in 2004), this book explores the history and sociological meaning of the word "serendipity" itself. [1, 2]
Would you like to explore a famous real-world example of a serendipitous scientific discovery, or dive deeper into Merton's other sociological theories?

-----

羅伯特·K·默頓的著作《站在巨人的肩膀上:香迪的後記》是一部既詼諧又學術嚴謹的作品,追溯了艾薩克·牛頓那句著名格言「如果我看得更遠,那是因為我站在巨人的肩膀上」的起源和演變。本書的核心主題包括:起源追溯:默頓探究了這句格言的歷史傳播,它雖然由牛頓在1675年寫給羅伯特·胡克的信中廣為人知,但其起源可以追溯到更早的中世紀(通常被認為是沙特爾的伯納德所作所為)。文學風格:本書的寫作風格如同勞倫斯‧史特恩18世紀的小說《項狄傳》那樣,詼諧幽默,引人深思。關鍵問題:本書以詼諧的筆觸探討了複雜的學術概念,涉及以下主題:剽竊與原創性;知識的傳播;科學進步與傳統;學究氣與學術虛榮(「學究氣」)。

Robert K. Merton's book On the Shoulders of Giants: A Shandean Postscript is a playful yet deeply scholarly work that traces the origins and evolution of Isaac Newton's famous aphorism: "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." [1, 2]
Core Themes of the Book
  • Origin Tracking: Merton investigates how the phrase traveled through history, famously written by Newton in a 1675 letter to Robert Hooke, but originating much earlier in the Middle Ages (often attributed to Bernard of Chartres). [1, 2]
  • Literary Style: Written in the digressive, whimsical style of Laurence Sterne’s 18th-century novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy. [1, 2]
  • Key Questions: It examines complex academic concepts using wit, addressing:
    • Plagiarism and originality
    • The transmission of knowledge
    • Scientific progress and tradition
    • Pedantry and academic vanity ("donmanship") [1, 2, 3, 4]


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