Benoit Mandelbrot (1924-2010)

Benoit Mandelbrot (1924-2010)

Benoît Mandelbrot, Novel Mathematician, Dies at 85

By JASCHA HOFFMAN

Published: October 16, 2010

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Benoît B. Mandelbrot, a maverick mathematician who developed the field of fractal geometry and applied it to physics, biology, finance and many other fields, died on Thursday in Cambridge, Mass. He was 85.

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Shizuo Kambayashi/Associated Press

Benoît B. Mandelbrot, left, and James A. Yorke, sharing a Japan Prize in 2003 for their pioneering work in chaos theory.

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Wolfgang Beyer

Graphic representations of the Mandelbrot set have been implanted in popular culture, gracing T-shirts and album covers.

The cause was pancreatic cancer, his wife, Aliette, said. He had lived in Cambridge.

Dr. Mandelbrot coined the term “fractal” to refer to a new class of mathematical shapes whose uneven contours could mimic the irregularities found in nature.

“Applied mathematics had been concentrating for a century on phenomena which were smooth, but many things were not like that: the more you blew them up with a microscope the more complexity you found,” said David Mumford, a professor of mathematics at Brown University. “He was one of the primary people who realized these were legitimate objects of study.”

In a seminal book, “The Fractal Geometry of Nature,” published in 1982, Dr. Mandelbrot defended mathematical objects that he said others had dismissed as “monstrous” and “pathological.” Using fractal geometry, he argued, the complex outlines of clouds and coastlines, once considered unmeasurable, could now “be approached in rigorous and vigorous quantitative fashion.”

For most of his career, Dr. Mandelbrot had a reputation as an outsider to the mathematical establishment. From his perch as a researcher for I.B.M. in New York, where he worked for decades before accepting a position at Yale University, he noticed patterns that other researchers may have overlooked in their own data, then often swooped in to collaborate.

“He knew everybody, with interests going off in every possible direction,” Professor Mumford said. “Every time he gave a talk, it was about something different.”

Dr. Mandelbrot traced his work on fractals to a question he first encountered as a young researcher: how long is the coast of Britain? The answer, he was surprised to discover, depends on how closely one looks. On a map an island may appear smooth, but zooming in will reveal jagged edges that add up to a longer coast. Zooming in further will reveal even more coastline.

“Here is a question, a staple of grade-school geometry that, if you think about it, is impossible,” Dr. Mandelbrot told The New York Times earlier this year in an interview. “The length of the coastline, in a sense, is infinite.”

In the 1950s, Dr. Mandelbrot proposed a simple but radical way to quantify the crookedness of such an object by assigning it a “fractal dimension,” an insight that has proved useful well beyond the field of cartography.

Over nearly seven decades, working with dozens of scientists, Dr. Mandelbrot contributed to the fields of geology, medicine, cosmology and engineering. He used the geometry of fractals to explain how galaxies cluster, how wheat prices change over time and how mammalian brains fold as they grow, among other phenomena.

His influence has also been felt within the field of geometry, where he was one of the first to use computer graphics to study mathematical objects like the Mandelbrot set, which was named in his honor.

“I decided to go into fields where mathematicians would never go because the problems were badly stated,” Dr. Mandelbrot said. “I have played a strange role that none of my students dare to take.”

Benoît B. Mandelbrot (he added the middle initial himself, though it does not stand for a middle name) was born on Nov. 20, 1924, to a Lithuanian Jewish family in Warsaw. In 1936 his family fled the Nazis, first to Paris and then to the south of France, where he tended horses and fixed tools.

After the war he enrolled in the École Polytechnique in Paris, where his sharp eye compensated for a lack of conventional education. His career soon spanned the Atlantic. He earned a master’s degree in aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology, returned to Paris for his doctorate in mathematics in 1952, then went on to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., for a postdoctoral degree under the mathematician John von Neumann.

After several years spent largely at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris, Dr. Mandelbrot was hired by I.B.M. in 1958 to work at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. Although he worked frequently with academic researchers and served as a visiting professor at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it was not until 1987 that he began to teach at Yale, where he earned tenure in 1999.

Dr. Mandelbrot received more than 15 honorary doctorates and served on the board of many scientific journals, as well as the Mandelbrot Foundation for Fractals. Instead of rigorously proving his insights in each field, he said he preferred to “stimulate the field by making bold and crazy conjectures” — and then move on before his claims had been verified. This habit earned him some skepticism in mathematical circles.

“He doesn’t spend months or years proving what he has observed,” said Heinz-Otto Peitgen, a professor of mathematics and biomedical sciences at the University of Bremen. And for that, he said, Dr. Mandelbrot “has received quite a bit of criticism.”

“But if we talk about impact inside mathematics, and applications in the sciences,” Professor Peitgen said, “he is one of the most important figures of the last 50 years.”

Besides his wife, Dr. Mandelbrot is survived by two sons, Laurent, of Paris, and Didier, of Newton, Mass., and three grandchildren.

When asked to look back on his career, Dr. Mandelbrot compared his own trajectory to the rough outlines of clouds and coastlines that drew him into the study of fractals in the 1950s.

“If you take the beginning and the end, I have had a conventional career,” he said, referring to his prestigious appointments in Paris and at Yale. “But it was not a straight line between the beginning and the end. It was a very crooked line.”

A version of this article appeared in print on October 17, 2010, on page A28 of the New York edition.

Murakami Takashi

凡爾賽宮展出 村上隆遭王子抵制

〔國際新聞中心／綜合報導〕日本藝壇怪傑村上隆目前正在法國凡爾賽宮舉行作品回顧展，但他那些與凡爾賽宮格格不入的前衛作品，引來凡爾賽宮建造者路易十四世後代反彈，甚至向法庭申請禁制令，要求禁止村上隆的作品繼續展出。

48 歲的村上隆是當前極受歡迎的藝術家，作品常以彩色金屬、玻璃纖維與壓克力來表現巨大人物，而他以漫畫風格著稱的作品，9月14日開始在洛可可風的凡爾賽宮 展出後，引來不少反彈聲浪，如今訴諸法院，「凡爾賽保護協調」組織的主席尤品斯基表示：「這是將展出村上作品引發的辯論與反彈轉變成司法途徑。」

提出訴訟的是路易十四的旁系子孫希斯特—亨利王子，他希望藉此保護「凡爾賽宮與祖先的尊嚴」。「藝術家在凡爾賽宮展出，會獲得額外好處。我們不反對現代藝術，不過我們反對改變法國文化本質且無益於法國文化的思考方式。」

希斯特—亨利的姪子查爾斯—艾馬紐，2008年也曾向法院申請禁制令，希望禁止美國藝術家傑夫．昆斯（Jeff Koons）鮮豔又怪異的雕塑在凡爾賽宮展出，因為他認為這些作品讓家族蒙羞，但法院並未接受他的要求。

凡 爾賽宮已連續3年邀請當代藝術家參展，村上隆這次共展出15件作品，室外展品以貼滿金箔的巨大「橢圓佛陀」（oval Buddha）最引人注目，仔細一看其實是日本神話中的「河童」。室內展品方面，最引發爭議的則是女僕造型公仔「Miss Ko」。村上隆的最新力作、也是展品中體積最大的，是高7公尺的「尖頭君與四天王」（tongari-kun），水滴狀的尖頭君坐在蓮座上，尖尖的頭直達 繪有古畫的天花板。

****

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日語寫法
日語原文	村上 隆
假名	むらかみ たかし
羅馬字	Murakami Takashi

村上隆（1962年2月1日－）是一位日本藝術家。他曾就學於東京藝術大學。

村上隆

他是受日本動畫和日本漫畫影響而專註於御宅族文化和生活方式的後現代藝術風格——超扁平（Superflat）運動創始人。其靈感源自眾多古怪的浮世繪藝術家和金田伊功（Yoshinori Kanada）1983年的動畫影片「Harmagedon」。

村上隆曾為法國品牌路易·威登設計手袋等產品，包括限量珍藏版的「櫻花」系列。2008年，他的一座公仔作品，標價5億日圓，創下同商品的天價紀錄。[1]

[編輯] 外部連結

• Kaikai Kiki Co. 村上隆官方網站（日語和英語）
• Artcyclopedia上的村上隆條目（英語）

Maurice Allais

2010年10月18日 06:22 AM

逝去的预言家

Visionary who warned of bank practices that brought crises

英国《金融时报》 菲尔•戴维森 报道

Maurice Allais, who has died in his native Paris at the age of 99, won the Nobel Prize for Economic	99岁高龄的莫里斯•阿莱(Maurice Allais)在其出生地巴黎去世，他曾获得1988年诺贝尔经济学奖，被视为20世纪后半页最有远见的经济学家之一。他曾把华尔街形容为“名副其实的赌 场”，对于银行业和股票市场中那些最终导致1998年和2008年两次金融危机的做法，他很久之前就发出过警告。
Sciences in 1988 and was considered one of the most visionary economists of the latter half of the 20th century. He once described Wall Street as “a veritable casino” and had long warned against the kind of banking and stock market practices that would lead to the financial crises of 1998 and 2008.	晚年时，他曾对自己心目中全球化的危险进行警告，对世贸组织(WTO)也颇多微词。他曾撰文称“全球化只对跨国公司有利”，并认为一定程度的国家保护主义往往是合理的。
In his later years, Allais warned of what he considered the dangers of globalisation and was highly critical of the World Trade Organisation, writing that “globalisation profits only the multinationals” and arguing that a degree of national protectionism was often justified.	1987年股市崩盘前夕，阿莱曾将当时的全球经济与1929年大崩盘之前做过如下比较：“获利的期许、狂热的投机，以及信用机制中由此产生的潜在不稳定性，这是在用短期储蓄为长期投资提供资金。”
Just before the 1987 stock market crash, Allais compared the global economy with the days before the crash of 1929: “promises to pay, frenetic speculation, and a resulting potential instability in credit mechanisms, that is, financing long-term investments with short-term deposits”.	最近这次金融危机爆发前不久，已经90多岁的他写道：“世界经济完全依托于巨大的债务金字塔，以一种脆弱的平衡互相支撑。这种潜在的不稳定性，从未呈现出过如此巨大的全面崩盘威胁。”
Shortly before the latest financial crisis, already in his nineties, he wrote: “The world economy rests entirely on gigantic pyramids of debt, all supporting themselves on one another in a fragile equilibrium. Never has such potential instability appeared with such a threat of general meltdown.”	法兰西人文院(French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences)院士伊冯•加塔(Yvon Gattaz)表示，“可以说莫里斯•阿莱预言到了眼下发生的所有事情，无一遗漏。”
In the words of Yvon Gattaz, a fellow member of the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, “one can say that Maurice Allais predicted everything that is going on now, everything”.	更早获得诺贝尔奖的经济学家保罗•萨缪尔森(Paul Samuelson)表示，如果阿莱的经济学理论能够早一点出英文版，“一代人研究经济学理论的历程都会有所不同。”萨缪尔森在上世纪50年代和60年代 通过独立研究得出的许多理论，与阿莱以法语发表的著作不谋而合，另一位著名的诺贝尔经济学奖得主、英国经济学家约翰•希克斯爵士(Sir John Hicks)的一些著作也是如此。
According to an earlier Nobel economics winner, the American Paul Samuelson, had Allais’ economic theories been published in English earlier, “a generation of economic theory would have taken a different course”. Many of Mr Samuelson’s theories in the 1950s and 60s, reached independently, tallied with those published in French by Allais, as did some of the works of another famous Nobel winner, the Briton Sir John Hicks.	阿莱还是一位卓有声誉的历史学家和物理学家，尤以“阿莱效应”(Allais Effect)著称。该理论提出了爱因斯坦相对论的不足之处，也暗示爱因斯坦抄袭了荷兰物理学家亨德里克•洛伦茨(Hendrik Lorentz)以及法国人昂利•庞加莱(Henri Poincaré)的成果。
Allais was also a historian and a physicist of re-nown, notably for the Allais Effect, which suggested weaknesses in Einstein’s theory of relativity and that Einstein plagiarised research by Hendrik Lorentz, the Dutch physicist, and Frenchman Henri Poincaré.	他发明了一座“类圆锥”摆用于研究重力，并发现在出现日蚀的时候，摆的速度会略微加快。他表示，这一现象“在当前普遍认可的理论框架内很难解释”，暗示爱因斯坦的理论可能存在瑕疵。但多数物理学家认为，所谓的“阿莱效应”并不能作为一种结论。
He invented a “paraconical” pendulum to study gravity and found that, during solar eclipses, the pendulum speeded up slightly. He said it was a phenomenon “quite inexplicable within the framework of the currently-accepted theories” and suggested a possible flaw in Einstein’s theory. A majority of physicists believe the so-called Allais Effect is inconclusive.	阿莱被称作是唯一获得令人觊觎的诺贝尔经济学奖的法国人，不过他的学生杰拉德•德布鲁(Gérard Debreu)曾在1983年荣膺这一奖项，但当时德布鲁已加入美国国籍。
Allais was described as the only Frenchman to have won the coveted economics prize although Gérard Debreu, one of his pupils, had won it in 1983, by then, however, a naturalised US citizen.	虽然阿莱把自己描述成“社会自由派”（他总是会加上一句“欧洲意义上的自由派”），但他却赞成限制移民，还认为在生活水平差距极大的国家之间，“理性的保护主义不但合理，而且绝对必要”。
Although he described himself as a “socialist liberal” (he always added the phrase “liberal in the European sense”), Allais believed in restricted immigration and that “a reasoned protectionism is not only justified but absolutely necessary” between countries with distinctly different standards of living.	早在上世纪40年代，他就提出了一种“均衡定价”的数学等式，认为是价格在供需之间建立了平衡。1947年，他又撰文指出，一个经济体的利率不应超过其经济增长率。
As long ago as the 1940s, he produced a mathematical equation for “equilibrium pricing,” where prices created a balance between supply and demand. In 1947, he wrote that interest rates should not exceed the growth rate of an economy.	1953年，他对人们如何在不确定性情况下进行决策的主流理论发起了挑战。在他给出的选择情况下，多数人自然倾向于采取的行动，在主流理论看来非理性的，这种情况后来被称之为“阿莱悖论”。
In 1953, he challenged the dominant theory of how people made choices in the face of uncertainty. In what became known as the Allais Paradox, he presented choice situations in which most people’s natural inclination would be to act in ways the theory deemed irrational.	上世纪90年代，阿莱曾是法国为数不多的几位反对欧洲单一货币的经济学家之一。但并不是反对单一货币本身，而是认为应等到欧洲成为一个更强大的政治和经济联盟之后。
In the 1990s, he was one of the few French economists to oppose the single European currency, not per se but until Europe had become a stronger political and economic union.	莫里斯•菲力克斯•夏尔•阿莱1911年5月31日出生于巴黎。他的父亲参加第一次世 界大战、并死在德国战俘营之后，孩提时代的阿莱便帮助寡母料理家中的奶酪作坊。阿莱从巴黎综合理工学院(Ecole Polytechnique)工程专业毕业后，加入了国家矿业管理机关法国国家矿业局(Corps National de Mines)。让他改变志向的，是1933大萧条期间的一次美国之行，他当时亲眼目睹了贫困和饥饿。“我要知道原因何在。我（投身经济学领域）的动机 是……给困扰世界的问题找到解决之道。”
Maurice Felix Charles Allais was born in Paris on May 31 1911. As a child, he often helped his widowed mother in the family fromagerie after his father went to the Great War and died in a German prisoner-of-war camp. After graduating from the Ecole Polytechnique in engineering, he joined the state-run French Corps National de Mines, the national mines administration. It was a trip to the US in 1933, during the Great Depression, where he witnessed poverty and starvation that changed his goals. “I needed to know why. My motivation [for going into economics] was . . . to find a remedy to problems facing the world.”	10月9日，阿莱在巴黎郊区的圣克卢无疾而终。法国总统尼古拉•萨科齐 (Nicolas Sarkozy)今年早些时候向阿莱授予了法兰西最高荣誉——法国荣誉勋位团大十字勋章(Grand Cross of the Légion d’Honneur)。阿莱的妻子雅克利娜(Jacqueline)已于2003年辞世，二人育有一女。
Allais died of natural causes at home in the Paris suburb of Saint-Cloud on October 9. He was elevated earlier this year by President Nicolas Sarkozy to France’s highest award, the Grand Cross of the Légion d’Honneur. His wife Jacqueline died in 2003 and he is survived by a daughter.	译者/王柯伦

台灣太吝嗇給優秀公務員身後獎勵了

我讀這字條 想到天主教"似乎"比較常用人名紀念先賢
所以有"耕莘"等

台灣公家單位 動輒使用"國家XXX"等 實在太吝嗇給優秀公務員獎勵了 或良好大臣太少

"delegate, apostolic：宗座代表；教宗代表：不具外交身分的教宗代表。如教廷駐華代表剛恒毅總主教、蔡寧總主教等。詳見 papal legate。"

The laureate behind bars

The laureate behind bars

Oct 8th 2010, 12:58 by J.M. | BEIJING

THE Nobel peace prize committee’s announcement on October 8th that they are giving the award to an imprisoned Chinese dissident, Liu Xiaobo, will infuriate Chinese leaders. It may well give extra ammunition to hardliners in China who argue that the West is bent on undermining Communist Party rule. This is the same faction that argues the party should take advantage of the West’s economic malaise to assert its own interests more robustly.

China reacted with outrage in 1989 when the Nobel peace prize was awarded to the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan leader in exile, to all appearances as a rebuke to the government for having crushed the Tiananmen Square protests earlier that year. Though China regards Tibet as an integral part of the nation, Mr Liu stands apart as an ethnic Han Chinese who has devoted himself to addressing the politics of China proper.

Mr Liu is precisely the kind of dissident that the party regards as most threatening. He is a seasoned campaigner, a veteran of the Tiananmen protests who has shown no sign of succumbing to the party’s intimidation in spite of three periods of incarceration over the past two decades (more than five years in total). He is a mildly spoken literary critic who has created the sort of consensus that is unusual to forge among China’s infighting intellectuals. Mr Liu’s Charter 08, a document that calls for democracy, was signed initially by more than 300 liberal thinkers (and then by thousands of others online). It struck a reasoned tone to which radicals and moderates alike could subscribe. The debate over “universal values” that it helped to fuel still rages within the party today.

Mr Liu was arrested in December 2008, two days before Charter 08 was made public. The authorities chose Christmas Day, 2009, to announce his 11-year jail term for “inciting subversion of state power”. The charter and a handful of Mr Liu’s online essays were all the evidence that the court required. In May this year he was transferred to a remote prison, 500km (310 miles) north-east of Beijing.

The authorities might take comfort were they to read his essays carefully. In one of them, written in 2006, he said the authorities’ attempts to block the spread of sensitive information meant that “a number of famous mainland Chinese dissidents find themselves in the paradoxical position of a backyard bush that blooms on the neighbour’s side of the wall: enjoying great international fame but not recognised by the general public in their own country, known only within a small circle of people”. (The full text, along with those of other essays by Mr Liu and his trial documents, can be found on the website of Human Rights in China, a New York-based group.)

Mr Liu writes positively about the growth of civil society in China. But he is scathing about the willingness of the Chinese public to bend to party authority, so long as the party continues to provide opportunities (no matter how underhand) to get rich. Mr Liu is despondent about the prospects for a public push for change in China’s authoritarian system. “The repression by the dictatorial authorities is, admittedly, one of the reasons, but the indifference of the populace is an even greater cause,” he says.

There is likely to be much online comment in support of Mr Liu’s award in China, but the Nobel prize is unlikely to galvanise any concerted protest action such as the party would find difficult to suppress. There will be an upsurge in demands from abroad for Mr Liu’s release. Yet major Western powers are little inclined to jeopardise their relationships with China for the sake of individual dissidents. Just two months after Mr Liu’s arrest, Hillary Clinton, America’s secretary of state, said after a visit to Beijing that she had raised human rights but that “our pressing on those issues can’t interfere with the global economic crisis, the global climate change crisis and the security crisis.”

China is a past master of deflecting Western concerns about its treatment of dissidents. In the late 1980s, Deng Xiaoping spoke dismissively to his colleagues about the West’s response to the sentencing in 1979 of a dissident, Wei Jingsheng, to 15 years in prison. “We put Wei Jingsheng behind bars, didn't we?” he boasted. “Did that damage China's reputation? We haven't released him, but China's image has not been tarnished by that. Our reputation improves day by day.”

The West in the 1980s was eager to court China as an ally in the cold war against the Soviet Union. In the 1990s, after Tiananmen and the Soviet Union’s collapse, China suddenly faced a lot more pressure on human rights from the West, but it was able to use occasional releases of high-profile dissidents to blunt foreign criticisms. In the past few years, China’s rapid economic growth and the West’s desire to profit from it has given China more breathing space.

Officials might one day choose an opportune moment to use the release of their Nobel-decorated dissident to win plaudits from Western governments. As Mr Liu has observed, China “has learned that by forcing famous dissidents into exile it kills two birds with one stone: it gives the dissidents a way out and wins favour with the international community; it also gets rid of direct political opponents, and belittles the moral image of dissidents within the country.” Mr Liu will now have to worry about such a fate for himself.

The laureate behind bars, Nobel-decorated dissident

The laureate behind bars

Oct 8th 2010, 12:58 by J.M. | BEIJING

林榮德

支持者獻唱獻畫給小英 〔記者李欣芳／台北報導〕教音樂出身的綠營支持者林榮德昨獻唱他創作的情歌給民進黨主席蔡英文，他盛讚小英充滿智慧、個性質樸，讓他很心儀。他還花了三天三夜畫了一幅小英的畫像要送給她。蔡英文昨被詢及此事時則一笑置之。蔡英文至今小姑獨處，林榮德昨獻唱情歌時說，他對小英有好感，「愈看愈喜歡」，如果蔡要嫁人，別忘了要嫁給林榮德，如果小英不嫁給他，他還是會支持她，並預祝蔡英文當選新北市長。他表示，蔡英文擔任黨主席後，他前後寫了數十封信鼓勵對方，這次他更全心全意奉獻他的作品給蔡英文。



林榮德

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林榮德，台灣藝術家。1937年4月6日出生於台灣台南州新豐郡歸仁庄（今台南縣歸仁鄉）。他的藝術演展結合音樂(含現代歌劇)、繪畫(上百幅油畫)、文學三者，顯揚國際景觀的藝術高峰。他是第一位在美國紐約林肯藝術中心·愛佛費雪大音樂廳、以整場發表個人作品的台灣音樂家。

目錄 [隱藏] 1 個人經歷 2 國際演出 3 所獲榮譽 4 參考資料

[編輯] 個人經歷

• 1964年，畢業於國立師範大學的林榮德前往西德斯圖加特音樂院留學。
• 1970年，回國在東吳大學任教2年，便又前往奧地利維也納音樂學院深造。
• 1972年，林榮德創辦 「林榮德音樂教育中心 ^[1]」，並從德國引進一系列音樂教育體系（奧而福教學、運用德國少年音樂學校系統、 基礎歐美鋼琴教學、學前律動和音樂），同時開創打擊和木笛（直笛）教學的先河，奠定台灣樂教基礎。

[編輯] 國際演出

「台灣民謠交響詩協奏曲·'小汽球夢的旅行'兒童環保歌劇 ^[2]」· 由交響樂團搭配合唱團的風格轟動演出

• 1996年9月14日，在聯合國NGO名下, 他在紐約林肯中心愛佛費雪大音樂廳舉辦「台灣音樂之夜」演出 「台灣民謠交響詩協奏曲」· 「小汽球夢的旅行」兒童環保歌劇· 60人的交響樂團搭配100兒童合唱團，展現另一種音樂風格。交響樂團由 Juilliard 教授 「Ms. Dorothy DeLay」, (「小提琴國際巨星的教母天后」), 經理協辦召集組成。
• 1998年7月 在洛山磯，(NYC duplication - 指揮大衛‧巴克 David Buck 加州大學教授 協辦召集)
• 2000年7月 在奧國薩爾茲堡（Salzburg)
• 2005年 7月12日在維也納 頌布倫王宮（Schonbrunn）奧蘭傑利廳·之後也在薩爾茲堡（Salzburg）莫札特（W M Mozart）音樂廳·演出他 1.鋼琴協奏曲No.1和「小汽球夢的旅行」兒童環保歌劇，由薩爾茲堡管弦樂團、台北市首都歌劇團（團長女高音呂麗莉教授）聯合演出，全程共六場。

[編輯] 所獲榮譽

• 1991年 國際愛因斯坦學術基金會「和平獎」；
• 1995年 聯合國非政府組織（NGO）「世界教師和平工作者成就獎」
• 2003年 台美文教基金會 「人文科學人才成就獎」「TAF 台美人文科學獎」
• 2003年 國際印度詩人學會（IPA）『世紀詩人獎』
• 2004年 諾貝爾文學獎候選人；國際史懷哲大學「科學、人文、和平金牌獎」

[編輯] 參考資料

1. ^ 林榮德音樂教育中心
2. ^ 台灣民謠交響詩'小汽球夢的旅行'兒童環保歌劇

江醫師

我看到這則新聞
"消基會和標檢局昨天公布抽驗市售十二種合板，發 現一款普通合板甲醛釋出量超標八倍，民眾若長期暴露在含有甲醛的空間中，恐有致癌風險。 消基會和 標檢局抽檢高雄地區DIY賣場與木材行等通路，所販售的不同廠牌合板樣品，其中有一件普通合板甲醛釋出量不符合國家標準且標示 ..."

卻想起江醫師的《江醫師魚舖子》零污染無毒農漁業
那是許多年前的事
最近看一段他在TVBS的"看板人物"接受的訪問
知道他也開始查病患家中的裝潢等之毒

這沒什麼
怪醫豪斯 (House) 中的
必備之檢查啦

李嘉誠

我在90年代初期 即約20年前 即在香港的刊物讀到

香港的給小費行情是有一定的

當時李嘉誠先生約880港元

----

Fanny's mail to me

為人厚道 處世精明


曾經聽過世界華人首富李嘉誠的一個故事：
有一次李嘉誠宴會結束，走出飯店，伸手從口袋中掏出手帕時，一個港幣銅板掉了出來，一直滾到水溝裡，
當李先生試圖去揀回銅板時，飯店的服務員快速上前，揀回銅板，擦拭乾淨後，交還給李先生。
李嘉誠收回銅板，打開皮夾，拿出100元港幣，謝謝服務員的幫助。
李先生 只為一個銅板，卻給了100元的小費。
對這個故事，李先生自己的解釋是：
每一塊錢都有用途，不應該隨便浪費，他要揀回銅板，是要讓每一塊錢都發揮它應有的價值。
而對別人的 服務表示感謝，則是每一個人應有的禮貌，他給100元小費，是他對人的心意。

這是兩件事， 他並不是為了一個銅板，付了100元的代價。
第一次聽到這個故事，雖然也聽到李先生的解釋，但其實瞭解並不深刻，只感受到這是一個超級富人的大方，非常人所能及。
一直到後來李嘉誠先生購併了我所創辦的公司時，拍板前的一個插曲，讓我更深刻感受到其中的意涵。

當李先生的團隊，仔細對我們的公司做完財務及法律查核後，提出了一個購併的價金，
但這個價金，與我們期待的金額落差甚大，可是我們堅持要用我們的期待金額進行交易。
李先生的團隊不敢拍! 板! ，最後購併案呈給李先生決定。
李先生在聽完全案後，說了一句話：「我們不只是買公司，更是買一群團隊，對人的事，就別太計較，購併案就此成交。」
我事後聽到這段過程，再對照前面的故事，一切都豁然開朗，這不是富人的大方，
而是一個人做人做事的態度問題。

「為人厚道，處世精明」，
這是另一個台灣企業家康和證券集團會長鄭世華家傳的態度，鄭世華的父親教育鄭世華，
只要做到這八個宇，事業就會成功。而這八個宇也印證了李嘉誠做人處世的基本邏輯。

鄭世華自承做事要精算每一個環節，務期效益最大化，用最少的錢賺到最大的利益。
但是為人就不是這樣，要盡可能寬待每一個人，
要厚道，這樣才能廣結善緣。

而李嘉誠先生的作為，正是這八個字的最佳寫照。
在購併過程中，! 他! 的團隊早已從生意面進行精算，做出購併價格，這是處世與生意的精明。
但李先生從為人的角度出發，他能體會未來要一起打拚的團隊的心情，他願意放棄精明的計算，以換取人的認同與共識，
這是「為人厚道」的最佳註解。

因為人心如水，水能載舟，永能覆舟，太過精明的計算，可以得到短期的生意，但卻無法得到雙贏與人和。

「為人厚道，處世精明」，這是十分簡單而且有點八股的格言，但卻讓愚鈍的我要歷經幾次事件之後才能體會。
處世精明! 是! 簡單的「獲利極大化，效益極大化」的邏輯，很容易體會，
但如果只是如此，也用這種方法來對人，那可能淪於小氣刻薄，因小失大而不自知

Tsai Ming-liang

Tsai Ming-liang holds his tropy for the Asian Filmmaker of the Year

Taiwan's Tsai Ming-liang named Asia's filmmaker of the year

By Mathew Scott (AFP) – 12 hours ago

BUSAN, South Korea — Taiwan-based director Tsai Ming-liang was on Sunday hailed as Asian Filmmaker of the Year at the region's most prestigious film festival.

The award was given at a ceremony at the 15th Pusan International Film Festival -- held in the South Korean port city of Busan -- with organizers lauding Tsai for "improving and developing the Asian film industry and culture".

Tsai said at the event attended by film industry representatives that he had always appreciated the festival's support and hoped he could continue to make "exciting and personal films".

"The Pusan festival has always supported independent cinema and they have always supported me," said the 53-year-old. "So I am honoured and very happy to receive this award and I will do my best to live up to this award."

The Malaysian-born Chinese director has spent most of his career in Taiwan and expressed surprise that the festival had handed him the award when he had not made a film in the past 12 months.

He is currently in Busan scouting for backers for his next project, tentatively titled 'The Diary of a Young Boy.' In keeping with his reputation for producing challenging cinema, he is apparently once again planning to have little dialogue in his next production.

The director has long been a festival favourite. His "Vive L'Amour" picked up the coveted Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1994, while both "The River" (1997) and "The Wayward Cloud" (2005) won Silver Bear awards in Berlin.

Tsai has recently branched out into the art world, with one of his modern installations being purchased by the Taipei Fine Arts Museum.

In previous years the Asian Filmmaker of the Year award has gone to Taiwanese director Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Hong Kong actor Andy Lau Tak-wah and prolific Bollywood producer Yash Chopra.

The Busan-based festival continues until Friday, with Oscar-winner Oliver Stone and acclaimed French actress Juliette Binoche among those still to appear before the crowds. The festival features 308 films, of which 103 are world premieres. More than 150,000 people are expected to attend the 10-day event.

Robert Edwards

Press Release 2010-10-04 The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 to Robert G. Edwards for the development of in vitro fertilization Summary Robert Edwards is awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for the development of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a medical condition afflicting a large proportion of humanity including more than 10% of all couples worldwide. As early as the 1950s, Edwards had the vision that IVF could be useful as a treatment for infertility. He worked systematically to realize his goal, discovered important principles for human fertilization, and succeeded in accomplishing fertilization of human egg cells in test tubes (or more precisely, cell culture dishes). His efforts were finally crowned by success on 25 July, 1978, when the world's first "test tube baby" was born. During the following years, Edwards and his co-workers refined IVF technology and shared it with colleagues around the world. Approximately four million individuals have so far been born following IVF. Many of them are now adult and some have already become parents. A new field of medicine has emerged, with Robert Edwards leading the process all the way from the fundamental discoveries to the current, successful IVF therapy. His contributions represent a milestone in the development of modern medicine. Infertility – a medical and psychological problem More than 10% of all couples worldwide are infertile. For many of them, this is a great disappointment and for some causes lifelong psychological trauma. Medicine has had limited opportunities to help these individuals in the past. Today, the situation is entirely different. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an established therapy when sperm and egg cannot meet inside the body. Basic research bears fruit The British scientist Robert Edwards began his fundamental research on the biology of fertilization in the 1950s. He soon realized that fertilization outside the body could represent a possible treatment of infertility. Other scientists had shown that egg cells from rabbits could be fertilized in test tubes when sperm was added, giving rise to offspring. Edwards decided to investigate if similar methods could be used to fertilize human egg cells. It turned out that human eggs have an entirely different life cycle than those of rabbits. In a series of experimental studies conducted together with several different co-workers, Edwards made a number of fundamental discoveries. He clarified how human eggs mature, how different hormones regulate their maturation, and at which time point the eggs are susceptible to the fertilizing sperm. He also determined the conditions under which sperm is activated and has the capacity to fertilize the egg. In 1969, his efforts met with success when, for the first time, a human egg was fertilized in a test tube. In spite of this success, a major problem remained. The fertilized egg did not develop beyond a single cell division. Edwards suspected that eggs that had matured in the ovaries before they were removed for IVF would function better, and looked for possible ways to obtain such eggs in a safe way. From experiment to clinical medicine Edwards contacted the gynecologist Patrick Steptoe. He became the clinician who, together with Edwards, developed IVF from experiment to practical medicine. Steptoe was one of the pioneers in laparoscopy, a technique that was new and controversial at the time. It allows inspection of the ovaries through an optical instrument. Steptoe used the laparoscope to remove eggs from the ovaries and Edwards put the eggs in cell culture and added sperm. The fertilized egg cells now divided several times and formed early embryos, 8 cells in size (see figure). These early studies were promising but the Medical Research Council decided not to fund a continuation of the project. However, a private donation allowed the work to continue. The research also became the topic of a lively ethical debate that was initiated by Edwards himself. Several religious leaders, ethicists, and scientists demanded that the project be stopped, while others gave it their support. The birth of Louise Brown - an historic event Edwards and Steptoe could continue their research thanks to the new donation. By analyzing the patients' hormone levels, they could determine the best time point for fertilization and maximize the chances for success. In 1978, Lesley and John Brown came to the clinic after nine years of failed attempts to have a child. IVF treatment was carried out, and when the fertilized egg had developed into an embryo with 8 cells, it was returned to Mrs. Brown. A healthy baby, Louise Brown, was born through Caesarian section after a full-term pregnancy, on 25 July, 1978. IVF had moved from vision to reality and a new era in medicine had begun. IVF is refined and spreads around the world Edwards and Steptoe established the Bourn Hall Clinic in Cambridge, the world's first centre for IVF therapy. Steptoe was its medical director until his death in 1988, and Edwards was its head of research until his retirement. Gynecologists and cell biologists from all around the world trained at Bourn Hall, where the methods of IVF were continuously refined. By 1986, 1,000 children had already been born following IVF at Bourn Hall, representing approximately half of all children born after IVF in the world at that time. Today, IVF is an established therapy throughout the world. It has undergone several important improvements. For example, single sperm can be microinjected directly into the egg cell in the culture dish. This method has improved the treatment of male infertility by IVF. Furthermore, mature eggs suitable for IVF can be identified by ultrasound and removed with a fine syringe rather than through the laparoscope. IVF is a safe and effective therapy. 20-30% of fertilized eggs lead to the birth of a child. Complications include premature births but are very rare, particularly when one egg only is inserted into the mother. Long-term follow-up studies have shown that IVF children are as healthy as other children. Approximately four million individuals have been born thanks to IVF. Louise Brown and several other IVF children have given birth to children themselves; this is probably the best evidence for the safety and success of IVF therapy. Today, Robert Edwards' vision is a reality and brings joy to infertile people all over the world. Robert G. Edwards was born in 1925 in Manchester, England. After military service in the Second World War, he studied biology at the University of Wales in Bangor and at Edinburgh University in Scotland, where he received his PhD in 1955 with a Thesis on embryonal development in mice. He became a staff scientist at the National Institute for Medical Research in London in 1958 and initiated his research on the human fertilization process. From 1963, Edwards worked in Cambridge, first at its university and later at Bourn Hall Clinic, the world's first IVF centre, which he founded together with Patrick Steptoe. Edwards was its research director for many years and he was also the editor of several leading scientific journals in the area of fertilization. Robert Edwards is currently professor emeritus at the University of Cambridge. References: Edwards RG. Maturation in vitro of human ovarian oocytes. Lancet 1965; 2:926-929. Edwards RG, Bavister BD, Steptoe PC. Early stages of fertilization in vitro of human oocytes matured in vitro. Nature 1969; 221:632-635. Edwards RG, Steptoe PC, Purdy JM. Fertilization and cleavage in vitro of human oocytes matured in vivo. Nature 1970; 227:1307-1309. Steptoe PC, Edwards RG. Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo. Lancet 1978; 2:366. Edwards RG. The bumpy road to human in vitro fertilization. Nature Med 2001; 7:1091-4.

（中央社記者黃貞貞倫敦4日專電）全球首創「試管嬰兒」技術的英國生理學家愛德華茲，在歷經逾半個世紀後，今天終於獲得象徵科學界最高榮譽的諾貝爾醫學 獎，這項技術在全球已創造400萬個新生命。 高齡85歲的愛德華茲（Robert Edwards）出生曼徹斯特，曾參與第2次世界大戰，先後在威爾斯大學及愛丁堡大學研讀生物學，1955年攻讀博士時研究老鼠的受精卵。 1958年愛德華茲在倫敦的「國家醫學研究中心」開始發展試管嬰兒技術，之後與英國外科醫師史泰普托（Patrick Steptoe）在劍橋創辦全球第1個人工受孕中心Bourn Hall Clinic。 愛德華茲與史泰普托當時研發的人工受孕新技術，受到教會甚至政府的反對，科學界也對他們的研究存疑，因此籌措研究經費時常碰壁，只能靠私人捐款，但他們始 終堅持不放棄。 1978年7月25日全球第1個試管嬰兒露薏絲．布朗（Louise Brown）誕生，寫下歷史新頁，露薏絲的父母嘗試懷孕9年未果，小女兒的誕生令他們喜出望外。 32歲的露薏絲現已升格當媽媽，生下健康活潑小男孩，再寫下試管嬰兒生育的新記錄。 愛德華茲目前在劍橋大學擔任榮譽教授，他曾說，「人生最重要的事莫過於生育小孩，世上沒有比小孩更特別的事物」 最令愛德華茲驕傲的事，就是在露薏絲．布朗後，有上千名嬰兒在Bourn Hall Clinic誕生，看著生命生生不息的傳承，愛德華茲甚感欣慰。 劍橋大學複製科學教授強生（Martin Johnson）對愛德華茲獲諾貝爾獎十分高興。他說，「愛德華茲早就該得這個獎了，不知道諾貝爾獎評審為何拖了這麼久，但愛德華茲很開心」。 強生表示，愛德華茲是位很有遠見的科學家，不只是人工受孕，包括在60年代就主張的「胚胎著床前基因診斷」（PGD）、70年代的幹細胞研究，他總是走在 時代的前端，不畏衛道人士的反對，堅持努力研究工作。 愛德華茲將獲得獎金1000萬瑞典克朗。他的研究夥伴史泰普托已於1988年過世，根據諾貝爾獎基金會的規定，得獎人若已亡故，不追贈獎項或獎金，除非是 在宣布得獎後過世。991004