《經濟學人》持續推出的「美國250週年」系列社論回顧了美國建國250週年之際的歷史、成就和虛偽之處。該系列共七章，包含檔案報導、互動地圖和專家文章，追蹤了美國歷史上的進步與倒退。核心章節及相關內容包括：章節概要：您可以在《經濟學人》「美國250週年」互動頁面上全面了解整個時間軸和主題。第一章和第二章（1776年 - 內戰時期）：探討了建國理念和新興國家面臨的挑戰，並補充了早期歷史的回顧。您可以閱讀《經濟學人》的《美國民主》一書，了解歷史上的民粹主義。第三章（1860年代-1920年代）：涵蓋工業發展和早期勞工運動，例如爭取八小時工作制的鬥爭。第四章（大蕭條與第二次世界大戰）：探討經濟動盪與美國日益重要的全球地位。第五章（1950年代-1970年代）：收錄了關於從民權運動到移民政策轉變等各個時期的文章。第六章（1980年代-2008年）：回顧了20世紀後期的經濟轉型和全球影響。第七章及當代篇：現代篇章探討了美國當前面臨的挑戰，包括政治兩極化和經濟競爭力。
如果您想檢驗自己對這些時期的了解，可以參加《經濟學人》的「美國建國250週年」測驗。
The ongoing "America at 250" editorial series published by The Economist reviews the nation's history, triumphs, and hypocrisies leading up to its 250th anniversary. [1]
The seven-chapter series, which features archival reporting, interactive maps, and expert essays, tracks the historical progress and regress of the United States. [1, 2]
The core chapters and associated coverage include:
- Chapter Overview: A comprehensive look at the overall timeline and themes is available on The Economist America at 250 interactive page.
- Chapter 1 & 2 (1776 - Civil War Era): Examines the founding ideals and the challenges of a growing nation, supplemented by looks at early history. You can read The Economist Democracy in America for perspective on historical populism. [1]
- Chapter 3 (1860s - 1920s): Covers industrial growth and the early labor movements, such as the struggle for the eight-hour workday. [1]
- Chapter 4 (Depression & World War II): Explores the economic turbulence and the nation's rising global role. [1]
- Chapter 5 (1950s - 1970s): Features essays on eras ranging from the Civil Rights movement to shifting immigration policies. [1]
- Chapter 6 (1980s - 2008): Reviews the late 20th-century economic shifts and global influence. [1]
- Chapter 7 & Current Day (Present Era): The modern-day articles examine the current challenges facing the United States, including political polarization and economic competitiveness. [1, 2, 3, 4]
If you want to test your knowledge based on these eras, you can take The Economist America at 250 Quiz. [1]
2019
你們倆，如左手右手，圍成一圈朋友的網：
美國的，倒下、過去、歸鄉；
日本的，美國人孫、日本的頂級養老院、台灣的童年食物解放、老年之友；
台灣的，到醒報到埔里來、到日本登郵輪訪世界、到北京買國師的八十賀壽書、北京畫院的展，漢清講堂的主題跳躍......
(想起又忘記：溫學長給我的讀書見世面會......雨中，拿起Tocqueville: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION：祖傳"古堡"後人在那兒？)
我愛紙本書
京極夏彥，得過直木獎與日本推理作家協會獎的小說名家，迎來了作家出道三十週年。他接受雜誌《婦人公論》採訪時說：
「很多人說買一堆書又不讀，很浪費空間與時間。但我完全不這樣認為。書只要買就好，讀或不讀都無所謂，買下自己覺得好的書，光這樣做能豐富人生。
我的書常常被人說是磚頭、讀不完，沒關係啊。你可以當作枕頭也可以拿來墊腳，捧著讀還能鍛鍊肌肉。所以，只要會買書就很好了！」
這位30年創作不輟的作家，倒是覺得自己並沒有好好照顧身體，所以勸勉讀者，健康和內心是要「維護」的（而不是鍛鍊）。一如家電或是衣服，都需要好好保養。他建議「閱讀」就是一種很好的保養工具。例如，沒有人讀一本小說時不會感受到豐富的情感── 即使發現不有趣，也會「感受」不開心嘛。
京極夏彥說，閱讀的好處，與電視或YouTube這種單方面輸出的娛樂不同，閱讀是一種需要自己思考和判斷，進而活躍大腦的行為。而且，一本書只要擁有了，就能反覆享受，很划算的！
「十二位現代總統中有四位脫穎而出，
現在先介紹兩位學者的研究。首先是上文的引文的作者弗雷德‧
見仁見智中的總統學作為領導學：以美國研究為主
美國歷任總統那五位最偉大？
摘自鍾漢清著 領導與學習:
1954年3月17日 胡適在台北演講《美國的民主政治》。說他親歷6次美國總統大選 (1912-54 共11次大選) ，…… 第6次便是艾森豪的當選。……1952的大選，
美國總統大選多此種君子之爭，如2000年的民主黨總統候選人高
到了1960年11月4日，胡適接受中廣公司訪問他的親歷7次美
Architect offers Eisenhower Memorial revisions that stress leadership over youth
The new proposal, unveiled at an Eisenhower Memorial Commission meeting, retains the metal tapestries surrounding an urban park framework, but offers changes to the memorial core that the architect hopes will give greater prominence to Eisenhower’s stature and accomplishments.
Frank Gehry talks about designing the Dwight D.
Eisenhower memorial. “I fell in love with the idea of trying to
represent him in this unlikely site,” Gehry said about the planned
memorial.
In a letter to the commissioners read by Meaghan Lloyd, Gehry’s chief of staff, Gehry indicated that he had considered the feedback and criticism generated by his initial proposal. “I love this type of collaboration,” he wrote. “It is a process that I think is vital to the success of any endeavor and one that was necessary to make sense of sometimes contradictory characterizations of President Eisenhower.” The changes help “tell the story of Eisenhower with more dignity and power,” he said in the letter.
The Eisenhower family criticized the original design as invoking images of Soviet mythmaking and Nazi-era barbarism. The family did not attend the Tuesday meeting but is expected to weigh in on the new design before the commission meets again, possibly within a week. At that meeting, the commission is expected to decide whether to send the plan forward to the National Capital Planning Commission.
Planners hope to break ground on the four-acre memorial this year. Projected to cost an estimated $110 million, the memorial would be bisected by Maryland Avenue SW, just south of the Mall and would be situated in front of the Education Department and across from the National Air and Space Museum — buildings that tie in with Eisenhower’s legacy.
The design features large, see-through metal tapestries bordering three sides of the monument, depicting outdoor scenes from Eisehnower’s boyhood home of Abilene, Kan. The original core featured a young Eisenhower sculpted to look out onto bas-relief forms representing his dual military and presidential careers.
Much of the criticism from the family, conservatives and architectural traditionalists focused on the tapestries and their portrayal of Eisenhower’s humble roots. Critics thought the emphasis on his rural boyhood came at the expense of his later accomplishments as World War II Supreme Allied Commander and, especially, president.
Some attacked Gehry’s designs as too modern and self-aggrandizing. In December, Eisenhower’s grandson, David Eisenhower, resigned from the commission. At a March congressional subcommittee meeting, Eisenhower’s granddaughter, Susan Eisenhower, critically compared Gehry’s design to Communist-era decorations that honored “Marx, Engels and Lenin.” The metal tapestries were likened to fences in Nazi death camps. She called for a total redesign.
Gehry’s supporters, including commission member Sen. Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawaii), countered with a March letter from the Eisenhower Memorial Commission expressing its “unqualified support” for Gehry. The new and possibly final design features portrayals of Eisenhower with soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division before the invasion of Normandy and the 1966 Yousuf Karsh “Elder Statesman” photo of Eisenhower as 9-foot statues. Proposed inscriptions detail his military accomplishments and the “Peace and Prosperity” of his presidency.
After the Tuesday meeting, critics said the new design still did not address key conceptual and aesthetic concerns. Justin Shubow, president of National Civic Art Society, says the memorial “still portrays Eisenhower as an unrecognizable boy or young man, which is at its core.”
Milton Grenfell, vice chairman of the civic art society and a classical architecture advocate, said the new design remained overscale, “with huge iron curtains,” and called the inscribed stones perched atop one another “willful” and “anti-aesthetic,” giving a feeling of “something that’s not going to last.” He said he hoped Congress would have a chance to weigh in.
Related stories:
Interactive: Experience the Eisenhower Memorial plans
The Eisenhower Memorial design: Gehry’s plan and what went wrong
They met in the offices of Sen. Daniel Inouye, in one of the ornate rooms of the old Capitol that are among the perks of office for the president pro tempore. Members of the Eisenhower Memorial Commission sat around a heavy round table, while their staffers crowded in from the sides. A March fire blazed in the fireplace.
They were looking for a way forward. More than a decade after the commission had been formed to create a memorial to the 34th president of the United States and the man who led Allied troops to victory in Europe in World War II, the Eisenhower Memorial was suddenly in the news, attacked from all sides, including by the grandchildren of the man it was meant to honor.
Interactive: Experience the Eisenhower Memorial plans
The Eisenhower Memorial design: Gehry’s plan and what went wrong
They met in the offices of Sen. Daniel Inouye, in one of the ornate rooms of the old Capitol that are among the perks of office for the president pro tempore. Members of the Eisenhower Memorial Commission sat around a heavy round table, while their staffers crowded in from the sides. A March fire blazed in the fireplace.
They were looking for a way forward. More than a decade after the commission had been formed to create a memorial to the 34th president of the United States and the man who led Allied troops to victory in Europe in World War II, the Eisenhower Memorial was suddenly in the news, attacked from all sides, including by the grandchildren of the man it was meant to honor.
Why Presidents Fail provides an innovative, comprehensive assessment of how political parties influence presidential survival and contributes fresh ideas to the debates on the stability of presidential governments.
#ReadUP #ComparativePolitics #latinamericanstudies
民主在美國－人類的經典52
三民網路書店
https://www.sanmin.com.tw › index
書名：民主在美國－人類的經典52，ISBN：9789867174093，出版社：左岸文化，作者：ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE，譯者：秦修明譯，頁數：，出版日期：2005/10/01.
https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=35483
"Christopher A. Martínez sheds important new light on presidential crises in Latin America by stressing the crucial role of party institutionalization. Based on thorough, in-depth research, he convincingly substantiates this argument with a range of country case studies."
—Kurt G. Weyland, The University of Texas at Austin
民主在美國－人類的經典52
三民網路書店
https://www.sanmin.com.tw › index
書名：民主在美國－人類的經典52，ISBN：9789867174093，出版社：左岸文化，作者：ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE，譯者：秦修明譯，頁數：，出版日期：2005/10/01.
