維基百科，自由的百科全書
鳥獸人物戲畫（日語：鳥獣人物戯画、ちょうじゅうじんぶつぎが），或簡稱為鳥獸戲畫，是京都高山寺代代相傳的繪卷，共有甲乙丙丁四卷。日本文化財保護法指定的國寶。其內容反映當時的社會，將動物、人物以諷刺畫的形式描畫，是日本戲畫（諷刺畫）的集大成之作。特別是其中的甲卷，將兔子、青蛙、猴子以擬人化的方式描畫，是其中最有名的一卷。因為其中部分的手法，與現代的日本漫畫手法有相似之處，鳥獸戲畫也常被稱為日本最古老的漫畫[1] 。
因為甲乙丙丁各卷並沒有明確的關聯，且筆觸、畫風也有所不同，通說認為是在12世紀到13世紀（平安時代末期至鎌倉時代初期），由複數的畫家，作為不同的作品而分別製作而成的。直到這些作品流傳到高山寺，才被彙整為現代所見的鳥獸戲畫。另有一說認為作者之一是戲畫名家鳥羽僧正覚猷，但並沒有確實的證據。
目前甲、丙兩卷寄於東京國立博物館，乙、丁兩卷則由京都國立博物館保管。
擬人化的狐狸（甲卷）
部分放大圖
入浴的動物（甲卷） 
追逐小偷猴子的兔子和青蛙（甲卷） 
用葉子當傘的青蛙（甲卷） 
咆哮和抓癢的獅子（乙卷） 
丙卷後半 
從事相撲的男子和旁觀者（丁卷）
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dj%C5%AB-jinbutsu-giga
| Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga | |
|---|---|
 Animals wrestling on the first scroll of Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga | |
| Material | Paper and ink |
| Created | 12th century and 13th century |
| Discovered | Scrolls were known since creation |
| Present location | Tokyo National Museum Kyoto National Museum |
Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga (鳥獣人物戯画; literally "Animal-person Caricatures"), commonly shortened to Chōjū-giga (鳥獣戯画; literally "Animal Caricatures"), is a famous set of four picture scrolls, or emakimono, belonging to Kōzan-ji temple in Kyoto, Japan. The Chōjū-giga scrolls are also referred to as Scrolls of Frolicking Animals and Scrolls of Frolicking Animals and Humans in English. Some think that Toba Sōjō created the scrolls; however, it seems clear from the style that more than one artist is involved.[1] The right-to-left reading direction of Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga is traditional in East Asia, and is still common in Japan. Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga is also credited as the oldest work of manga.[2][3] The scrolls are now entrusted to the Kyoto National Museum and Tokyo National Museum.
Palmer Luckey, the founder of Anduril, in 2021. “A lot of our competition is playing an old-school playbook,” he said in an interview.Credit...Philip Cheung for The New York Times