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美國工人安全的鼓吹者歐拉·賓漢（Eula Bingham）去世，享年90歲 Eula Bingham, Champion of Worker Safety, Dies at 90

工人安全的鼓吹者歐拉·賓漢（Eula Bingham）去世，享年90歲

卡特總統領導下的勞工部職業安全與健康署(OSHA)負責人，她放棄追“挑剔小違規”規定，全力處理嚴重違反安全和健康事件。

Eula Bingham, Champion of Worker Safety, Dies at 90

As head of OSHA under President Carter, she dispensed with “nit-picking” regulations and went after serious health and safety violations.




Eula Bingham, the director of Occupational Safety and Health Administration, with President Jimmy Carter in the Oval Office in 1977. “She put OSHA on the map,” a colleague said.Credit...Thomas J. O’Halloran, White House Photo, via The National Archives/University of Cincinnati



By Katharine Q. Seelye
June 23, 2020



Eula Bingham, a toxicologist who energized the Occupational Safety and Health Administration as its director and set stringent standards to protect workers from hazardous materials, died on June 13 in Cincinnati. She was 90.

She was nearing completion of chemotherapy treatments for cancer when she suffered a pulmonary embolism and cardiac collapse and died in a hospital, her daughter Martha Mattheis said.

Dr. Bingham was appointed director of OSHA by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. During her tenure the agency adopted more regulatory standards on harmful chemicals — including benzene, cotton dust and lead — than any previous administration had and more than most have since.

Under so-called right-to-know regulations, employers had to inform workers about any hazardous chemicals they were working with, and manufacturers had to list those chemicals on containers. Dr. Bingham was forced to fend off lawsuits by companies that did not want to disclose such information.


“Workers have a right to expect they won’t be killed on their jobs,” Dr. Bingham told The Washington Post in 1977.

When she took over OSHA, the agency was something of a laughingstock for having promulgated thousands of rules that had little to do with making workplaces safer. They required that toilet seats have open fronts, for example, and that telephone linemen use tool belts with no more than four tool loops.

In an effort to pursue what President Carter called “common sense priorities,” Dr. Bingham eliminated more than 1,000 regulations that she considered “nit-picking” and that industry regarded as a nuisance. This freed the agency’s inspectors to focus on serious threats — to go after whales, not minnows, in the parlance of the day.

“She put OSHA on the map,” Dr. Philip Landrigan, a friend who worked with her in government starting in 1979, said in an interview. “She was a strong-willed woman who understood the levers of government.”

In her campaign for workplace safety Dr. Bingham clashed with business, Congress and even fellow members of the Carter administration, though she usually had the backing of the president. Perhaps her hardest-fought battle was over cotton dust, which threatened the health of Southern textile workers, many of them poor, black and nonunion.



Dr. Bingham wanted to lower the acceptable levels of cotton dust, but mill owners opposed her.

“There was a pitched battle fought in the Oval Office in front of Jimmy Carter,” Dr. Landrigan said. Dr. Bingham and Ray Marshall, the labor secretary, pushed for the new standard while Mr. Carter’s economic advisers argued against it, saying it would hurt business.

Finally, Dr. Landrigan said, President Carter walked over, grinned, put his arm around Dr. Bingham and said, “I am with Eula on this one.”

As a Washington bureaucrat, Dr. Bingham achieved a rare level of notoriety. In 1979, she appeared in The Washington Star’s crossword puzzle. “OSHA Lady” read the clue for 39 Across, seeking a four-letter answer.

With the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980, Dr. Bingham was out, and his administration proceeded to dismantle many of the regulations and safeguards she had put in place.

But even without her federal perch, she persisted, working with state legislators, labor unions and consumer groups to implement safety regulations at the state and local levels.




ImageDr. Bingham in 1980, during Carter administration’s last year. She went on to work with state legislatures, labor unions and consumer groups on worker-safety measures.Credit...Denver Post/Denver Post, via Getty Images


Eula Lee Bingham was born on July 9, 1929, in Covington, Ky., across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. Her father, Arthur Bingham, was a railroad worker who lost his job during the Depression and became a farmer in Burlington, Ky., about 15 miles to the southwest. Her mother, Frieda (Sperl) Bingham, a nurse and phone operator, also worked the farm, where the couple produced most of their food and where Eula grew up.


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She went on to major in biology and chemistry at Eastern Kentucky University. After graduating in 1951, she was hired as an analytical chemist by the Hilton-Davis Chemical Company in Cincinnati, where, she said in a 2018 oral history, she became familiar with the dangers that many workers face.

She went to graduate school at the University of Cincinnati, where she did pioneering research on carcinogens while studying in the toxicology division (which became the department of environmental health at the university’s College of Medicine). She earned her master’s in physiology in 1954 and her doctorate in zoology in 1958.

Dr. Bingham’s lab research included testing chemicals sent by companies that wanted to know their carcinogenic effects. At one company, which used benzidine-based dyes, the lab found that almost half the workers had some form of bladder cancer. In another case, the lab found that the cutting fluid used in a manufacturing process caused skin cancer.

With her findings gaining notice, she became a sought-after consultant and expert witness in lawsuits involving worker safety. This attracted the attention of labor unions. Dr. Bingham was soon appointed to federal worker-safety advisory committees that were examining carcinogens and emissions from coke ovens.

When Mr. Carter was elected in 1976, he asked labor unions to recommend potential directors for OSHA. Dr. Bingham’s name rose to the top.

Although she worked in Washington for more than three years, she never moved there. None of her predecessors had lasted more than a year, and she figured she might not, either.




Image
Dr. Bingham in 2015. After leaving the federal government, she took a senior post at the University of Cincinnati, her graduate school alma mater. Credit...Maryam Jameel/Center for Public Integrity


By then, she and her husband, Helmut Mattheis, had divorced, and her three teenage daughters were living in Cincinnati with other family members. She commuted home on weekends, when she would cook up batches of meals and freeze them for her daughters to eat during the week.


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In addition to her daughter Martha, she is survived by her two other daughters, Julia and Helen Mattheis; and two granddaughters.

After Reagan’s election, Dr. Bingham returned to the University of Cincinnati and served as vice president of research and graduate studies there from 1981 to 1990. She continued to be active in worker safety. When the tanker Exxon Valdez spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil in Prince William Sound in 1989, the governor of Alaska called Dr. Bingham to make sure that cleanup workers had been properly trained and safely outfitted.

She also turned her attention to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee where workers involved in the production of nuclear weapons and reactors had been exposed to radiation, mercury and other hazardous materials for almost a half-century. She developed a novel method for reconstructing their past exposures, based on blueprints of buildings and worker interviews. Her findings led the federal government to set up a national screening program for workers.

In a reminiscence in 2015, President Carter said of Dr. Bingham, “I could always count on her for sound and direct advice, with the well-being of the American worker foremost in her mind.”



Katharine Q. “Kit” Seelye has been the New England bureau chief, based in Boston, since 2012. She previously worked in the Washington bureau for 12 years, has covered six presidential campaigns and was a pioneer in The Times’s online coverage of politics. @kseelye
A version of this article appears in print on June 24, 2020, Section B, Page 12 of the New York edition with the headline: Eula Bingham, 90, OSHA Director Who Curbed Hazardous Chemicals. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe

Kirk R. Smith ( 1947 – 2020)

Kirk R. Smith • Professor of Global Environmental Health ...
www.kirkrsmith.org

Kirk R. Smith is Professor of Global Environmental Health at the University of California, Berkeley. He studies the interactions between household energy use, human health, and climate change.

Kirk R. Smith - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Kirk_R._S...


Kirk R. Smith (January 19, 1947 – June 15, 2020) was an American expert on the health and climate effects of household energy use in developing nations. He held a professorship in Global Environmental Health at the University of California, ...

Kirk R. Smith (January 19, 1947 – June 15, 2020) was an American expert on the health and climate effects of household energy use in developing nations. He held a professorship in Global Environmental Health at the University of California, Berkeley, where his research focused on the relationships among environmental quality, health, resource use, climate, development, and policy in developing countries.^[2] Smith contributed a great deal to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the work of the IPCC (including the contributions of many scientists) was recognized by the joint award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. Smith was a recipient of the 2012 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement for his work with cookstoves, health, and climate. He is also credited with designing and implementing the first randomized controlled trial of the health effects of indoor air pollution (IAP) from cookstoves.^[3]

Contents

• 1Early life
• 2Career
• 3Death
• 4Selected honors and awards
• 5References
• 6External links

UC Berkeley

“The world has just lost one of its greatest public health heroes. But Kirk will live on in the hearts of so many of us who count his friendship among our greatest blessings.”
— Michael Lu, dean of Berkeley Public Health
#BerkeleyMinds #RIP


PUBLICHEALTH.BERKELEY.EDU

Kirk R. Smith, Nobel Prize recipient and environmental health giant, dies at 73
“The world has just lost one of its greatest public health heroes."

紀念漢寶德先生 2020：談他的歐美日遊記 (4)： 真善善；William J.R. Curtis on the Glasgow School of Art

London Review of Books
2018年6月19日 ·

‘The library was an inspiration: the abstraction of a woodland clearing with something of the character of a Japanese temple. The exterior of the west wing was a masterpiece of ambiguities between figure and ground, space and mass. Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s magisterial work, completed in phases from 1897 to 1909, was in and of itself a teaching building: it taught students to see, to experience space and light, to feel textures, colours and materials. It touched the mind and the senses of all who passed through. It rested in memory. It was high architecture but it was also casual and convivial. It encouraged the mess of creation in its studios and promoted the mixing of people on its landings and stairs.’


William J.R. Curtis on the Glasgow School of Art, from the blog.







LRB.CO.UK
William J.R. Curtis: In Memoriam GSA
Whatever the verdict of any investigation or inquiry, this time I fear that M










2013年6月19日 ·


紀念漢寶德先生 2020：談他的歐美日遊記 (4)： 真善善；William J.R. Curtis on the Glasgow School of Art

今年漢寶德先生80大壽。他的學生們慶祝的方式很多......。

我很幸運，在1972年春，有機會與建築系同學到漢先生的家，受師母款待。

另外印象深刻的是在2008年初夏，羅時瑋博士邀請我一起參觀漢寶德先生的『寫藝人間』展。之後我們還到漢先生的新辦公室去聊天。真是妙， 我還記得1971年9月初的新生入門會(orientation)時，漢先生聽到郭東耀主任用「真善美」來說明工學院三系(化工、工工、建築)的主導理念時，他的有點「害羞」的神情呢……

漢先生近十來年的美育和設計理念的普及，以及世界建築文化的教誨，嘉惠整個華文世界。

http://hcpeople.blogspot.tw/2011/05/blog-post_4566.html

黃健庭五度蟬聯「五星縣長」(《遠見》雜誌)聲明搞 )

楊索

  · 

【臉友太帥了！不是被嚇大】

《遠見》雜誌在自家粉絲團貼出提告我妨害名譽的嚴正聲明；同時強調「散佈」我貼文者一併提出告訴。我貼文原本100多人按讚；現在有176人協同「散佈」。臉友Hao Chuang為文說，臉書是最大散佈者，遠見要告應該一起告。以下是《遠見》聲明文的臉友留言。這也算公道自在人心。原貼附留言最末，供大家參考。

《遠見》聲明稿：

https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/73292?fbclid=IwAR2fJu3qNIFOYQLNasLgaP7cMEobb2XJlBezGh8NlTbqwflxGn4b3_CeHVE

108林家成、Thomas H. C. Lee和其他106人

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林昶佐

【黃健庭符合監察院的人權方向嗎？】

總統府下午將公布監察委員提名名單，媒體報導，國民黨的前台東縣長黃健庭可望被提名為副院長。對於這個消息，我和許多朋友一樣，感到不解。

2019年底，立法院通過《監察院國家人權委員會組織法》後，監察院接著將擔負如其他民主國家「國家人權委員會」的功能，必須奠定促進及保障人權的基礎條件，確保社會公平正義之實現，以符合國際人權標準建立普世人權的價值及規範。

雖然據傳，黃健庭並未直接兼任國家人權委員會委員，但副院長人選對於監察院未來的發展有重要的意義。

黃健庭過去總是站在人權進步的對立面，例如針對婚姻平權說「傳統家庭制度、價值、觀念將被拆解，未來會導致家庭徹底崩潰、瓦解」；而在美麗灣開發案的立場，更是無視原住民族傳統活動領域，還規避環評、程序正義，一路護航財團，最後被法院撤銷開發案。上述種種作為，實在看不出來黃健庭具備擔任監察院副院長的高度！

UDN.COM

提名黃健庭任監察院副院長 林飛帆：「我不贊成」 | 聯合新聞網：最懂你的新聞網站

總統府下午將公布下屆監察委員提名名單，不過，內定為監察院副院長的台東縣前縣長黃健庭這項人事佈局，引發綠營罵聲不斷。民進黨...



溫紳


政治手段是該有底限的…「完全執政」後就不顧朝野觀瞻？甚憾～「然而，黃健庭前縣長從他過去的爭議紀錄到人權政策價值的態度來看，我都不認為是那個合適的人選。」林飛帆表示：雖然並非立委對監委有同意權，但作為執政團隊一員希望高層三思…

楊索

黃健庭五度蟬聯五星縣長，一直掛在他政治業績中。我在《遠見》雜誌做過事，遠見的縣市長施政滿意度調查是生財利器，就是大廣編，各縣市政府都要編預算去爭取、買雜誌自我宣傳。（不必在遠見工作也知道）

花蓮王傅崐萁就7度蟬聯「五星縣長」；搞到苗栗財政破產的前苗栗縣長劉政鴻也拿過四次。這種拿幾十萬人民納稅錢買獎狀、往自己臉上貼金的事，不是甚麼光榮事蹟好嗎？

圖左：黃健庭領取五星縣長獎座。