讀約翰.路易斯.蓋迪斯(John Lewis Gaddis)《大戰略》第三章 教師與教鞭 無論準備得多麼周全,總會有意外。務必要找到好老師,在其指導下學習緊握原則、往目標前進,不貿然奮進。 屋大維/馬克.安東尼/掂量自己的斤兩/西賽羅之死/恢復名聲/掌握羅馬的雙巨頭/奪取西西里/安東尼的自毀/衡量抱負與能力/休養生息的奧古斯都/留給你們一座大理石城/深諳孫子治兵之道的羅馬皇帝 。I. Berlin等。 東西名著大戰略的融會貫通: 2千多頁的《戰爭論》(On War)與《戰爭與和平》,最偉大的戰略家,總統等等; 《 大戰略》:從歷史提煉的領導決策心法》On Grand Strategy ByJohn Lewis Gaddis (耶魯大學長紅20年大師課程),聯經出版公司。 2020.
Virgil 維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》The Aeneid、墓誌銘:「…….我歌唱過牧場、田園和領袖。」分別指他的三本主要詩作:《牧歌》、《農事詩》、《牧歌》、《農事詩》,《埃涅阿斯紀》章義
西元前19年的今天,普布利烏斯·維吉利烏斯·馬羅在羅馬帝國布倫迪西烏去世(享年50歲)。 「萬歲,偉大的亡靈之首; 永別了! 」 「Salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale.” ——摘自維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》第十一卷(西元前29-19年) 在戲劇性和敘事力量方面,維吉爾的《埃涅阿斯紀》與荷馬的偉大前輩《伊利亞德》和《奧德賽》不相上下。然而,它超越了它們,因為它對書中人物展現了深切的同情——正是這種同情,使得埃涅阿斯逃離特洛伊、尋找新家園、狄多的愛情與死亡、圖爾努斯的戰敗以及羅馬的建立等事件,成為文學史上最令人難忘的篇章。羅伯特·菲茨傑拉德的這部著名譯作,充分展現了羅馬帝國最偉大的文學藝術作品的流暢、清晰和莊嚴氣勢。 刻有維吉爾詩句的書寫板 羅馬不列顛,西元1世紀末或2世紀初 溫多蘭達羅馬堡(今諾森伯蘭郡切斯特霍爾姆) 在溫多蘭達的指揮官官邸(總督府)裡,可能是在塞里亞利斯及其家人佔領期間,有人取走了一塊木製書寫板,上面寫著一封私人信件,但尚未完成。他們在書寫板背面用相當工整的筆跡,寫下了維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》後半部(9.473)的一整行詩句。 這顯然不是一句容易記住的詩句,這不禁讓我們思考:溫多蘭達是否有維吉爾的文本?它們是否像常見的紙莎草紙一樣,被用來練習書寫?是誰寫的?是塞里亞利斯的子女嗎? A.K.鮑曼,《羅馬人的生活與書信》(倫敦,大英博物館出版社,1994 年)
BBC Radio 4
Need to impress someone soon? Why not drop Virgil in the conversation...
What did the Aeneid ever do for us?
Read all about it here in our not-terribly-serious guide.
BBC.IN
Everyman's Library
Publius Vergilius Maro died in Brundisium, Roman Empire on this day in 19 BC (age 50).
"Hail, mighty firstling of the dead;
Hail and farewell for aye!"
"Salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla,
Aeternumque vale."
--from Book XI, "Aeneid" (29–19 BC) by Virgil
In dramatic and narrative power, Virgil’s Aeneid is the equal of its great Homeric predecessors, The Iliad and The Odyssey. It surpasses them, however, in the intense sympathy it displays for its human actors–a sympathy that makes events such as Aeneas’s escape from Troy and search for a new homeland, the passion and the death of Dido, the defeat of Turnus, and the founding of Rome among the most memorable in literature. This celebrated translation by Robert Fitzgerald does full justice to the speed, clarity, and stately grandeur of the Roman Empire’s most magnificent literary work of art.
Writing-tablet with a line from Virgil
Roman Britain, late 1st or early 2nd century AD
Vindolanda Roman fort (modern Chesterholm), Northumberland
In the commanding officer's residence (praetorium) at Vindolanda, probably during the occupation by Cerialis and his family, someone took a wooden writing-tablet on which a private letter had been begun, but not finished. They wrote on the back of it, in a rather good hand, a complete line from the second half of Virgil's Aeneid (9.473).
It was certainly not a readily memorable line, which makes us wonder: Were the texts of Virgil available at Vindolanda? Were they used for writing practice as is commonly found on papyri? By whom? Cerialis' children?
A.K. Bowman, Life and letters on the Roman (London, The British Museum Press, 1994)
British Museum
Roman poet Virgil was born #onthisday in 70 BC. His Aeneid reached every part of the empire! http://ow.ly/CJO21
Books Features
ESSAY
Spotlight
楊周翰譯本等
| Bust of Virgil, Displayed in Rome |
Quote
The Aeneid of Virgil, Translated by John Dryden, Selections, edited by Bruce Pattison
濟慈1795-1821年輕的時代也翻譯拉丁文名詩(維吉爾V
狄德罗Denis Diderot 認 為:The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd; in Latin Aeneis, pronounced ... Aeneidos is a Latin epic poem written by Virgil in the late 1st century BC (29 ...)最美的一句是:卷一 第462行。(兩處翻譯卻天差地別啦!2014年10.6決定抄出,送港民.....)
He halted, and said, with tears: ‘What place is there,
Achates, what region of earth not full of our hardships?
See, Priam! Here too virtue has its rewards, here too
there are tears for events, and mortal things touch the heart.
Lose your fears: this fame will bring you benefit.’
BkI:458-462
Translated by A. S. Kline © 2002 All Rights Reserved
即使在這裡,光榮也仍然獲得應得的報償;人生不幸的事也仍然贏得同情之淚;生活的痛苦也仍然打動人心。不要害怕,我們在他們眼中並不陌生,我們是相當安全的。(楊周翰譯)
http://hcbooks.blogspot.tw/2010/10/blog-post_07.html
Virgil:Aeneid I - Poetry In Translation
www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/.../VirgilAeneidI.htm
翻譯這個網頁
... to face so many. trials? Can there be such anger in the minds of the gods? .... the pain deep in his heart. They make ready the game, and the future feast: ..... See, Priam! Here too virtue has its rewards, here too. there are tears for events, and mortal things touch the heart. Lose your fears: this fame will bring you benefit.' ...
----
西方的墓誌銘習俗,多少能綜述「墓主」的貢獻。譬如說,古羅馬大詩人維吉爾的:「…….我歌唱過牧場、田園和領袖。」分別指他的三本主要詩作:《牧歌》、《農事詩》、《埃涅阿斯紀:羅馬史詩》
田園詩, 牧歌 (維吉爾)
維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》
楊周翰先生是我很佩服的一位專家。昨天讀但丁,取他 翻譯的《埃涅阿斯紀》(Johnson說他每夜讀它一章,12天讀畢。此法不錯),找一句的出處。我思索他為什麼要略去那句不翻…….
維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》楊周翰譯,南京:譯林,1999,p.14
王承教編《埃涅阿斯紀》章義,北京:華夏,2010
「特奧克托斯做為作家甚不足道,至於他的牧歌,維吉爾明顯比他高明。……特奧克托斯雖然生活在美麗的國土,但描寫不多,他寫的風習很粗鄙。維吉爾的描寫多得多,更富於情調,更多大自然,藝術性更高。」----Life of Johnson by Boswell p.1066
Theocritus is not deserving of very high respect as a writer: as to the pastoral part, Virgil is very evidently superiour He wrote when there had been a large influx of knowledge into the world than when Theocritus lived. Theocritus does not abound in the description, though living in a beautiful country: the manners painted are coarse and gross. Virgil has much more description, more sentiment, more of Nature, and more of art."
------
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbGV-MVfgec
Published on Apr 28, 2012
Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony No. 3 in E flat major (Op. 55),Berliner Philharmoniker Symphony Numer Three Eroica By Beethoven also known as the Eroica (Italian for "heroic"), is a landmark musical work marking the full arrival of the composer's "middle-period," a series of unprecedented large scale works of emotional depth and structural rigor.
The Aeneid: An Epic Poem of Rome - Page 218 - Google Books Result
The Aeneid: An Epic Poem of Rome
By Virgil, Levi Robert Lind―from CANDIDE
伏爾泰著《老實人》的漢文譯本可能超過十種。我讀過傅雷和沈昉先生的 (徐志摩的......)。
在I. Calvino著《憨第德(或譯老實人),或是關於敘述的快》(Candide, or Concerning Narrative Rapidity)的結論是:「今日人們在生活中的真正選擇都來自於這本書。」
( Italo Calvino 著《為什麼讀經典》 ( Why Read the Classics? 1991 ) ,(李桂蜜譯,pp.114-18)
讀這篇導論的意外收獲不少。譬如說你可以找Paul Klee對本書的26幅插畫來對照。
又譬如說,以前介紹過趙琴的《閹人歌手(Castrato)的興盛與衰亡》,可以在《老實人 第12章 老婦人遭遇的下文》讀到:「我生在那不勒斯,那兒每年閹割二三千名兒童,…..有的因此得到一副比女人還美麗的嗓子,還有的將統治國家。」
這次還發現其中有許多作者對宗教、政治、社會、工作等的看法。特別是末章談工作。據說作者很贊成重農學派的學說。
至於翻譯方面的問題可以談的相當多,我就用末章舉兩例子。
一是伊斯蘭的 dervish 解釋A member of any of various Muslim ascetic orders, some of which perform whirling dances and vigorous chanting as acts of ecstatic devotion.
李譯:「托缽僧」
傅雷;修道士
沈昉:苦行僧
更重要的區別在末句名言:il faut cultiver notre jardin
英文為 cultivate our garden
李譯:必須灌溉我們的花園
傅雷;種咱們的園地要緊---前文都翻譯為「分耕田」
沈昉:把我們的園地種好更要緊---前文都翻譯為菜園子
李的翻譯顯然錯誤。這garden 可以種花、草、菜、果
我起先對於傅雷都翻譯為「分耕田」感到不解。
後來才知道他用心。
因為我查Shorter O.E.D.
CULTIVATE ONE’S GARDEN 之garden 竟然是等同 common(社區之公地,種植放牧等 現在英美都還有這種園...)。
Eternal optimist Dr Pangloss is hanged.
Illustration: Quentin Blake
- Pangloss, a fictional character in the 1759 novel Candide by Voltaire: Pangloss is a Leibnizian philosopher, the personal tutor of the main character Candide;
- Editions
- Voltaire (1759).
Candide. Trans. Tobias Smollett. Wikisource. - Voltaire (in French).
Candide. Wikisource.
Quotations related to Candide at Wikiquote
Candide at Project Gutenberg (plain text and HTML)
You've been a fool
And so have I,
But come and be my wife.
And let us try,
Before we die,
To make some sense of life.
We're neither pure, nor wise, nor good
We'll do the best we know.
We'll build our house and chop our wood
And make our garden grow...
And make our garden grow.
CUNEGONDE
I thought the world
Was sugar cake
For so our master said.
But, now I'll teach
My hands to bake
Our loaf of daily bread.
CANDIDE AND CUNEGONDE
We're neither pure, nor wise, nor good
We'll do the best we know.
We'll build our house and chop our wood
And make our garden grow...
And make our garden grow.
(ensemble enters in gardening gear and a cow walks on)
CANDIDE, CUNEGONDE, MAXIMILLIAN, PAQUETTE, OLD LADY, DR. PANGLOSS
Let dreamers dream
What worlds they please
Those Edens can't be found.
The sweetest flowers,
The fairest trees
Are grown in solid ground.
ENSEMBLE (a cappella)
We're neither pure, nor wise, nor good
We'll do the best we know.
We'll build our house and chop our wood
And make our garden grow.
And make our garden grow!
(The cow dies)
VOLTAIRE
Ah, me! The pox!
「潘格羅士講授形而上學,神學、宇宙論,虛無主義,他以令人驚奇的方式證明,沒有無因之果,在眾多可能的世界當中的這個最好的世界上,仁慈的男爵大人的宮殿是所有宮殿中最美的。『已經證明』,他說:『事物不可能被創造成另一副樣子。既然一切都是為了某一個目的而創造的,一切必然用於最好的目的。要記住,鼻子是為戴眼鏡而做成的,所以,我們才有眼鏡。腿顯然是為穿鞋而安排的,於是,我們才有了鞋襪。石頭的創造是為了讓人們開採它用來建造宮殿,因而仁慈的大人才有了美妙的宮殿』」。
這一小段文字大概是伏爾泰諷刺小說《憨第德》當中最常被人引用的一段話。因此,影射萊布尼茨的角色潘格羅士也就成了這位哲人的標準造像。他表面上博學多才,實則迂腐不堪;明明世上充滿罪惡不公與災難,他卻以自己躲在書齋裏想出來的哲學證明「我們的世界,是上帝所創造的一切可能世界當中至為美好的一個」,樂觀到無可救藥的地步。自從伏爾泰以降,每逢發生什麼大事,例如第一次世界大戰與後來的納粹集中營屠殺,西方就一定有作家和學者重提萊布尼茨這句名言,當然是諷刺式的引用。此世如此不堪,你竟然還好意思說它好得不能再好?莫非另一個更美、更善、更公正的世界真的不存在?不值得盼望?不值得追求?
--from CANDIDE (1759) by Voltaire

YouTube·Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs·Apr 12, 2018