in the words of Emerson, 'Every institution is but the lengthening shadow of some man.' Dr. Ewing is the Memorial Hospital"
Wikipedia 的Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) 介紹(多少人的貢獻和努力！)，未特別凸顯Paul Marks 的獨特轉型角色，可見組織史的介紹，因人而異，.....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Sloan_Kettering_Cancer_Center
Paul Marks真的奇才
On the Cancer Frontier: One Man, One Disease, and a Medical Revolution
Paul Marks, James Sterngold
PublicAffairs, 2014/03/11 - 272 ページ
In 1950, a diagnosis of cancer was all but a death sentence. Mortality rates only got worse, and as late as 1986, an article in the New England Journal of Medicine lamented: “We are losing the war against cancer.” Cancer is one of humankind's oldest and most persistent enemies; it has been called the existential disease.
But we are now entering a new, and more positive, phase in this long campaign. While cancer has not been cured—and a cure may elude us for a long time yet—there has been a revolution in our understanding of its nature. Years of brilliant science have revealed how this individualistic disease seizes control of the foundations of life—our genes—and produces guerrilla cells that can attack and elude treatments. Armed with those insights, scientists have been developing more effective weapons and producing better outcomes for patients. Paul A. Marks, MD, has been a leader in these efforts to finally control this devastating disease.
Marks helped establish the strategy for the “war on cancer” in 1971 as a researcher and member of President Nixon's cancer panel. As the president and chief executive officer for nineteen years at the world's pre-eminent cancer hospital, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, he was instrumental in ending the years of futility. He also developed better therapies that promise a new era of cancer containment. Some cancers, like childhood leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, that were once deadly conditions, are now survivable—even curable. New steps in prevention and early diagnosis are giving patients even more hope. On the Cancer Frontier is Marks' account of the transformation in our understanding of cancer and why there is growing
optimism in our ability to stop it.
目次
Preface
Cracking Medicines Oldest Mystery
Deciphering the Inner Workings of the Cell
The First Look Deep Inside the Cancer Cell
Bringing the New Sciences to an Old School
The Moon Shot
Teaching Cancer Cells to
The Politics of Cancer Research
Changing Cancer Care from Within
Enlisting a Major New Allythe Cancer Patient
Breast Cancer Gets Its Own Home
Larning to Love Acid
The Payoff
Cancer Screening as a Way of Life
The Next Leap
Acknowledgments
Memorial SloanKettering Finds Its Agent of Change
Getting Aggressive in the War on Cancer
A Perfect Curefor a Single Cancer Patient
Index
紐約時報訃聞
Paul Marks, Who Brought Sloan Kettering to Greatness, Dies at 93
A charismatic leader, Dr. Marks brought the fruits of a scientific revolution to an institution that, when he took over, was behind the times.
Dr. Paul Marks in an undated photo. As president of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, he combined the attributes of an accomplished scientist, a talented doctor, an effective administrator and a charismatic leader.Credit...Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
By John Schwartz
May 5, 2020, 6:49 p.m. ET
Paul A. Marks, who transformed Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center into one of the world’s leading institutions for research and treatment of cancer, died there on April 28. He was 93.
His son Andrew said the cause was a combination of pulmonary fibrosis and a more recent emergence of lung cancer that was untreatable because of the fibrosis.
The institution that cared for Dr. Marks at the end was very different from the one he joined in 1980 as president and chief executive, after being recruited from Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons by the philanthropist Laurance Rockefeller. It was still reeling from a scientific scandal in the 1970s involving crudely falsified data. It was also behind the times, more focused on surgical interventions than on the developing frontiers of biological science.
“Frankly, it was an institution that really needed surgery from top to bottom, and Marks was the right guy,” James Rothman, chairman of the Yale School of Medicine’s department of cell biology, said in an interview.
Unusually, Dr. Marks combined the attributes of an accomplished scientist, a talented doctor, an effective administrator and a charismatic leader. Coming to the job when the field of molecular biology, which looks at the interactions of cells and biological processes at the molecular level, was exploding, he wanted to apply the benefits of that emerging field to cancer.
The timing was ideal, said Richard Axel, a neuroscientist and molecular biologist in the department of neuroscience at Columbia University Medical Center. Dr. Marks, he said, energized the institution to pursue the alterations in DNA that cause tumors, at the moment it was becoming possible “to truly study DNA, to pet it, to clone it, to determine its sequence.”
What followed was a purge of much of the institution’s old guard, with attendant turmoil and alienation for many of those involved; Dr. Marks instituted a tenure system with a tough review process, and dozens of scientists left between 1982 and 1986. A 1987 article about Dr. Marks in The New York Times Magazine noted that “there are researchers who call Marks ‘Caligula,’ ‘Attila the Hun’ or simply ‘the monster.’”
That article described a scene in his laboratory during his Columbia days when Dr. Marks “grabbed a man by the throat and dragged him across a table.” His wife, Joan Marks, then head of graduate programs at Sarah Lawrence, said in the article, “He can be brutal,” adding, “He really doesn’t understand why people don’t work 97 hours a day, and why they don’t care as much as he cares.”
In his memoir, “On the Cancer Frontier: One Man, One Disease, and a Medical Revolution” (2014), written with James Sterngold, Dr. Marks said that he was embarrassed to see the incident recounted in the article. While he didn’t deny that it happened, he said that he actually grabbed the man by both arms, not the throat, and shook him.
For all of the sharpness of his elbows, Dr. Rothman of Yale said, there was also charm. Dr. Marks, he said, “projected at once a kind of a deep warmth and, at the same time, a formidable aspect.”
Dr. Marks also had a gift for spotting and recruiting talent. “He had an uncanny ability to attract these great scientists from all over the nation,” said Joan Massagué, the director of the Sloan Kettering Institute, the institution’s experimental research arm. But the institution was still in the process of becoming great when he arrived in 1989, and, Dr. Massagué recalled, “it was a gamble” to join. For those who had faith in the vision that guided Dr. Marks, he said, “You really wanted to join it.”
Once hired, Dr. Massagué said, researchers were free to explore, having been told, essentially, “You will not be told to work on cancer — we know that what you work on will be relevant to cancer ultimately,” but “we will expect to see spectacular research.”
Memorial Sloan Kettering’s research and hospital arms had historically been separate; Dr. Marks merged them. Within the hospital, he encouraged the creation of integrated medical teams that coordinated patient care; created a research and treatment center devoted to breast cancer; and established the first center devoted to pain management for cancer patients.
He also continued his own research while running the institution, finding genetic connections to the blood diseases known as thalassemias and developing a targeted therapy for some cancers.
Joseph Goldstein, chairman of the department of molecular genetics at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, explained Dr. Marks’s success by referring to “La Clairvoyance,” a self-portrait by René Magritte in which the artist is looking at an egg but painting a bird in flight.
“Paul looked at young scientists and envisioned the great success they would achieve,” Dr. Goldstein said. In Dr. Marks’s own research, he added, “he looked at cancer cells and envisioned they could be tamed by a novel approach.” And in 1980, he continued, “Paul looked at what was at the time a stodgy Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and envisioned the great clinical and research enterprise that it could become — and indeed did become.”
Image Dr. Marks, a colleague said, “had an uncanny ability to attract these great scientists from all over the nation.”Credit...Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Paul Alan Marks was born Aug. 16, 1926, in Mahanoy City, Pa., in coal country, to Robert and Sarah (Bohorad) Marks. His mother’s parents had a clothing store in the area, and his father soon opened one, as well.
When Paul was 4½ years old, his mother, who was pregnant, died in a fall down the stairs at her parents’ store. His father disappeared from his life for the next five years. In his memoir, Dr. Marks recalled that he bounced “between beds and couches, with aunts, uncles and my grandparents” until his father showed up again, with a new wife and son, and took Paul back.
He attended Samuel J. Tilden High School in Brooklyn, where a teacher who had lost his son in World War II took an interest in the promising young man and persuaded him to apply to Columbia University. He received a full scholarship and graduated from Columbia in 1945 and from the College of Physicians and Surgeons there in 1949.
From 1970 until 1973, he was dean of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. From 1973 until 1980 he was its vice president for medical sciences.
Over his long career, Dr. Marks published more than 350 articles in scientific journals. In 1991, President George H.W. Bush awarded him the National Medal of Science.
****
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Paul Marks
Born
August 16, 1926
Mahanoy City, PA
Died
April 28, 2020
New York, NY
Alma mater
Columbia Medical School
Known for
Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research
Scientific career
Institutions
Columbia University
National Institutes of Health
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Paul A. Marks was a medical doctor, researcher and administrator. He was a faculty member and president emeritus at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.[1][2]
Contents
1Background
2Scholarly activities
3Honors and affiliations
4Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research
5References
Background[edit]
Marks was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1926. Marks attended Columbia College and Columbia Medical School. After completing postdoctoral research at the United States National Institutes of Health and at the Institut Pasteur in France, he joined the faculty at Columbia University. Marks served as dean of the Medical Faculty at Columbia University from 1970 to 1973.[3] He was president and chief executive officer at Memorial Sloan Kettering from 1980 until 1999.[3]
Scholarly activities[edit]
Marks has contributed to the fields of genetics and oncology.[3] His recent work has focused on histone deacetylases (HDACs) and chemicals that interfere with HDAC enzymatic activities (HDAC inhibitors or HDIs). Marks and others have found that drugs such as Trichostatin A and SAHA (vorinostat) can serve as anticancer agents.[4]
Marks has published more than 400 scientific articles and has been the editor-in-chief of journals including the Journal of Clinical Investigation and Blood.[5]
Honors and affiliations[edit]
Member, National Academy of Sciences[3]
Member, Institute of Medicine[3]
Recipient, President's National Medal of Science[5]
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences[3]
Fellow, The American Philosophical Society[5]
Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research[edit]
The Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research was established by Memorial Sloan Kettering to honor Marks's contributions "as a distinguished scientist and leader".[3] The prize has been awarded every two years since 2001.
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