ウジェーヌ・エマニュエル・ヴィオレ・ル・デュク（Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc 1814-1879年）は、19世紀フランスの建築家、建築理論家。中世建築の修復、及びゴシック建築の構造合理主義的解釈で知られる。
- 鈴木博之『建築の世紀末』、東京：晶文社、1977年。
- ヴィオレ・ル・デュク『建築講話』、飯田喜四郎訳、東京：中央公論美術出版、1986年。
- ペウズナー、ニコラウス『ラスキンとヴィオレ・ル・デュク』、鈴木博之訳、東京：中央公論美術出版、1990年。
- 羽生修二『ヴィオレ・ル・デュク[歴史再生のラショナリスト]』、東京：鹿島出版会、1992年。
- 西田雅嗣『ヨーロッパ建築史』、京都：昭和堂、1998年。
巴黎聖母院重建第一步：百年古木意義非凡
廣告
（德國之聲中文網）馬克宏政府去年夏天拍板定案此巴黎象徵性建築依原樣重建， 而重現96公尺高的尖塔需要至少1000顆橡樹。雖然疫情間接影響了聖母院修建計劃的進度，馬克宏承諾在2024年奧運前完成重建工程。第一批符合條件的橡樹也都在三月初被一一挑選出來。
此塔非比舊塔
十三世紀的巴黎聖母院曾有著世界最強壯的屋宇，也為此砍伐超過1300棵橡木。 2019年倒塌的尖塔其實並不是十三世紀原來的那一座，最原始的尖塔在法國大革命後就被破壞殆盡。
19世紀著名的法國建築師維奧萊‧勒‧杜（Viollet-le-Duc）比照巴黎聖母院中世紀的模板建成了我們現在印象中的尖塔。當時的尖塔也是由來自香檳區的橡木做成，高96公尺--比中世紀的高了18公尺。據說，塔尖上象徵法蘭西共和國的高盧雄雞銅像是由維奧萊‧勒‧杜親自鑲上去的，也是大火中奇蹟"生還"的高塔碎片之一。
從上帝視角看大火前後巴黎聖母院
- Born: January 27, 1814, Paris, France
- Died: September 17, 1879, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Awards: Royal Gold Medal
[Une exposition à voir / Don't miss this exhibition]
"Viollet-le-Duc, les visions d'un architecte" à la Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. À l’occasion du 200e anniversaire de la naissance d’Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879), rétrospective de l’œuvre singulière de ce grand architecte, théoricien et restaurateur. Avec des prêts exceptionnels du musée d'Orsay : http://bit.ly/1DAsLJQ
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"Viollet-le-Duc, visionary archaeologist" at the Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879), this retrospective presents the unique work of this great architect, theorist and restaurateur. With exceptional loans from the Musée d'Orsay : http://bit.ly/1DAtxGU
"Viollet-le-Duc, les visions d'un architecte" à la Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. À l’occasion du 200e anniversaire de la naissance d’Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879), rétrospective de l’œuvre singulière de ce grand architecte, théoricien et restaurateur. Avec des prêts exceptionnels du musée d'Orsay : http://bit.ly/1DAsLJQ
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"Viollet-le-Duc, visionary archaeologist" at the Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879), this retrospective presents the unique work of this great architect, theorist and restaurateur. With exceptional loans from the Musée d'Orsay : http://bit.ly/1DAtxGU
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Sir Francis Drake, vice admiral (c. 1540 – 27 January 1596) was an English sea captain,privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. Drake carried out the second circumnavigation of the world, from 1577 to 1580.
Elizabeth I of England awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581. He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He died of dysentery in January 1596[3] after unsuccessfully attacking San Juan, Puerto Rico.
His exploits were legendary, making him a hero to the English but a pirate to theSpaniards to whom he was known as El Draque.[4] King Philip II was said to have offered a reward of 20,000 ducats,[5] about £4 million (US$6.5M) by modern standards, for his life.
With the success of the Panama isthmus raid, in 1577 Elizabeth I of England sent Drake to start an expedition against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Drake used the Plans that Sir Richard Greynvile had received the Patent for in 1574 from Elizabeth, which was rescinded a year later after protests from Philip of Spain. He set out from Plymouth on 15 November 1577, but bad weather threatened him and his fleet. They were forced to take refuge inFalmouth, Cornwall, from where they returned to Plymouth for repair.
#onthisday in 1577: Sir Francis Drake set out from Plymouth on his circumnavigation of the world. This medal depicts his voyagehttp://ow.ly/FMTJS
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