一位現代物理學巨匠離我們而去。
安東尼·J·萊格特去世了。
萊格特是少數幾位重塑我們對量子世界與宏觀宇宙邊界理解的科學家之一。
他對超流體氦-3奇異量子相的解釋為他贏得了諾貝爾物理學獎。這項工作揭示了集體量子行為如何在足夠大的系統中湧現，以便在實驗室中觀察到。
但他的影響遠遠超出了超流體。
萊格特幫助開創了現代對量子穿隧中耗散的理解。他提出了萊格特-加格不等式，這是一個旨在回答一個看似簡單卻意義深遠的問題的深刻想法：
宏觀世界是否也遵循支配原子的量子定律？
早在超導量子電腦興起前幾十年，萊格特就已經開始思考超導體中的宏觀糾纏。如今，這些想法已成為量子技術的概念基礎。
他擁有的，比才華更為罕見的，是：
求知的勇氣。
他提出的一個大膽設想，即著名的「烤阿拉斯加」模型，描述了超流體氦-3中一種奇怪的相變，最初聽起來幾乎有些滑稽。然而，歷史證明了他的直覺是正確的。
這正是一位偉大物理學家的標誌。
他不僅能夠解決已知的難題，更敢於提出看似不可能的問題。
物理學的進步離不開方程式。
但它的進步也離不開像萊格特這樣的人的智慧。
再見了，東尼·萊格特。
您的思想將繼續指引我們對量子現實的理解，造福子孫後代。
#物理 #量子力學 #凝聚態物理學 #諾貝爾獎 #科學 #量子技術
A giant of modern physics has left us.
Anthony J. Leggett has passed away.
Leggett was one of the rare scientists who reshaped how we understand the boundary between the quantum world and the macroscopic universe.
His explanation of the exotic quantum phases of superfluid helium-3 earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics. That work revealed how collective quantum behavior can emerge in systems large enough to observe in the laboratory.
But his influence extended far beyond superfluidity.
Leggett helped pioneer the modern understanding of dissipation in quantum tunnelling. He introduced the Leggett–Garg inequalities, a profound idea designed to answer a deceptively simple question.
Can the macroscopic world obey the same quantum laws that govern atoms?
Decades before the rise of superconducting quantum computers, Leggett was already thinking about macroscopic entanglement in superconductors. Today, those ideas sit at the conceptual foundations of quantum technology.
He also possessed something rarer than brilliance.
One of his bold proposals, the famous “baked Alaska” model describing a strange phase transition in superfluid helium-3, initially sounded almost humorous. Yet history proved the intuition correct.
That is the mark of a great physicist.
Not only solving known problems, but daring to ask questions that sound impossible.
Physics advances through equations.
But it progresses because of minds like Leggett’s.
Your ideas will continue to guide our understanding of quantum reality for generations.
量子物理
Sir Anthony Leggett, Nobel laureate in Physics (2003) for his work on superfluidity and superconductivity, has been one of the most thoughtful and rigorous voices questioning whether quantum mechanics applies without modification to macroscopic objects. In this pointed remark, Leggett highlights the deep tension between the universal validity of quantum superposition and our strong intuitive belief in macroscopic realism, the idea that large-scale systems possess definite properties independent of observation. His own proposed experiments on macroscopic quantum coherence (e.g., in superconducting SQUIDs) test whether quantum mechanics continues to hold at the boundary between microscopic and macroscopic scales. Leggett’s careful, experimentally driven approach has kept the measurement problem and the quantum-to-classical transition alive as genuine scientific questions rather than purely philosophical ones, influencing research on quantum decoherence, objective collapse models, and the limits of quantum theory.
安東尼·萊格特爵士，因其在超流體和超導性方面的工作而榮獲2003年諾貝爾物理學獎，他一直是質疑量子力學是否無需修正即可應用於宏觀物體的最具洞察力和嚴謹性的學者之一。在這尖銳的評論中，萊格特強調了量子疊加的普適性與我們對宏觀實在論的強烈直覺信念之間的深刻矛盾。宏觀實在論認為，大尺度系統具有獨立於觀測的確定屬性。他提出的關於宏觀量子相干性的實驗（例如，在超導超導量子乾涉元件（SQUID）中）旨在檢驗量子力學在微觀和宏觀尺度交界處是否仍然成立。萊格特嚴謹的實驗驅動方法，使測量問題和量子到經典的轉變始終保持著真正的科學意義，而非純粹的哲學問題，從而影響了量子退相干、客觀坍縮模型以及量子理論局限性等方面的研究。
From 2006 to 2016, he also held a position at the Institute for Quantum Computing in Waterloo, Canada.
2006年至2016年，他也曾在加拿大滑鐵盧量子計算研究所任職。
截至2023年4月，他是伊利諾大學厄巴納-香檳分校凝聚態理論研究所的首席科學家。
2013年，他成為上海複雜物理研究中心創始主任。 [13][14]
As of April 2023, he was chief scientist at the Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, a research institute at the UIUC.
In 2013, he became the founding director of the Shanghai Center for Complex Physics.[13][14]
Sir Anthony Leggett, Nobel laureate in Physics (2003) for his work on superfluidity and superconductivity, has been one of the most thoughtful and rigorous voices questioning whether quantum mechanics applies without modification to macroscopic objects. In this pointed remark, Leggett highlights the deep tension between the universal validity of quantum superposition and our strong intuitive belief in macroscopic realism, the idea that large-scale systems possess definite properties independent of observation. His own proposed experiments on macroscopic quantum coherence (e.g., in superconducting SQUIDs) test whether quantum mechanics continues to hold at the boundary between microscopic and macroscopic scales. Leggett’s careful, experimentally driven approach has kept the measurement problem and the quantum-to-classical transition alive as genuine scientific questions rather than purely philosophical ones, influencing research on quantum decoherence, objective collapse models, and the limits of quantum theory.
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