2026年3月10日 星期二

波斯神話故事《列王紀》中「薩巫什的火之考驗」場景。《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings) 的作者菲爾多西( Ferdowsi, 940年—1019/1025年);簡介《列王紀選(張鴻年譯, 1991)‧魯斯塔姆 (Rostam)與蘇赫拉布(Sohrab)的故事》

  波斯神話故事《列王紀》中「薩巫什的火之考驗」場景。《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings) 的作者菲爾多西( Ferdowsi, 940年—1019/1025年);簡介《列王紀選(張鴻年譯, 1991)‧魯斯塔姆 (Rostam)與蘇赫拉布(Sohrab)的故事》  

#養FB】開始推播波斯藝術了
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波斯神話故事《列王紀》中「薩巫什的火之考驗」場景。
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畫作主題:畫中描繪了年輕英俊的王子薩巫什(Siyavash)騎著黑馬,勇敢地衝進烈火之中,以證明自己的清白。
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藝術風格:這是一幅典型的 #波斯細密畫(Persian #Miniature),以其細膩的筆觸、豐富的色彩和裝飾性的火焰造型著稱。
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文化意義:這個故事象徵著純潔與正直,故事中的考驗情節對伊朗文化產生了深遠影響,例如現在的「火節」(Chahar-Shanbe Suri)傳統就與此有關。
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作品來源:這種場景常見於著名的手抄本,例如沙塔赫馬斯布的《列王紀》。


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《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings) 的作者菲爾多西( Ferdowsi, 940年—1019/1025年);簡介《列王紀選(張鴻年譯, 1991)‧魯斯塔姆 (Rostam)與蘇赫拉布(Sohrab)的故事》  

誤觸 30天之後 刪之之
https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=hanching%20chung%20video

《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings) 的各種插畫版本,分藏於歐美各大學圖書館、博物館、藏書家等,它們多有論文。插圖的data base,英國有,待查。

******原著者:

菲爾多西( Ferdowsi, 940年—1019/1025年),Wikipedia 的解釋

廣受尊重的波斯詩人。他最重要的作品是民族史詩列王紀》。

生平[編輯]

菲爾多西在935年生於大呼羅珊(今伊朗呼羅珊省一部分)近圖斯的一個村落。其家族屬于波斯前伊斯蘭時期就存在的地方貴族德干[2]他父親是個富裕的地主,菲爾多西是個虔誠的穆斯林[3][4],他花了超過35年的心血創作《列王紀》。《列王紀》原本是用作獻給在阿拉伯人於公元7世紀入侵後,把波斯文化傳統復興的薩曼王朝王公的。

日文版 Wiki
 
なお、「フェルドウス」 (Ferdows) とは古代ペルシャ語に起源する「パラダイス」の中世ペルシャ語および近世ペルシャ語形で、パラダイス同様「楽園天国」の意味である。
英文版 Wiki 有張大英博物館藏的畫,他與三位詩人的聚會:


Ferdowsi and the three Ghaznavid court poets

《大英百科全書》英文本中的 Ferdowsi 條目,以及
《列王紀選》(張鴻年譯, 1991)中的《譯本序》,都也很可參考。

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《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings)的文化史簡介,可參考BBC的文章:


https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20180810-the-book-of-kings-the-book-that-defines-iranians

The Shahnameh is a compendium of indigenous, pre-Islamic myths, legends and historical episodes (Credit: Alamy)

The Shahnameh is a compendium of indigenous, pre-Islamic myths, legends and historical episodes (Credit: Alamy)





The Shahnameh’s hero Rostam battles with demons, rescues kings and undergoes seven trials (Credit: Alamy)

The Shahnameh’s hero Rostam battles with demons, rescues kings and undergoes seven trials (Credit: Alamy)



Despite being unknown in his lifetime, the poet Ferdowsi is now one of the most celebrated writers in Iran – this tomb complex was built in his honour in Tus (Credit: Alamy)

Despite being unknown in his lifetime, the poet Ferdowsi is now one of the most celebrated writers in Iran – this tomb complex was built in his honour in Tus (Credit: Alamy)




*****

《列王紀選》(張鴻年譯, 1991)主要是選其中的"四大悲劇",參考該書的目錄。


《列王紀選》

作者:菲爾多西.
譯者:張鴻年.

出版北京: 人民文學. 1991/台北:光復書局
譯本的名詞與通行英語的發音不同,《列王紀選》直接翻譯自波斯文。
魯斯塔姆 (Rostam)與蘇赫拉布(Sohrab)的故事》,《列王紀選》頁 156~291,

我們三言兩語帶過:


The tragedy of Sohrab (BBC)

Rostam was unaware that he had a son, Sohrab, by Princess Tahmina. He had not seen the Princess for many years. After years without any real knowledge of one another, Rostam and Sohrab faced each other in battle, fighting on opposing sides. Rostam did not recognise his own son, although Sohrab had suspicions that Rostam may be his father.

They fought in single combat and Rostam wrestled Sohrab to the ground, stabbing him fatally. As he lay dying, Sohrab recalled how his love for his father – the mighty Rostam - had brought him there in the first place. Rostam, to his horror, realised the truth. He saw his own arm bracelet on Sohrab, which he had given to Tahmina many years before and which Tahmina had given to Sohrab before the battle, in the hope that it might protect him.

But he realised the truth too late. He had killed his own son, ‘the person who was dearer to him than all others’. This is one of the most tragic episodes of the Shahname.


****紐約時報

Khaled Hosseini: By the Book

  June 18, 2013
你童年時喜歡哪個文學人物或主人公?
菲爾多西(Ferdowsi)在11世紀寫的《國王之書》 (Shahnameh, or The Book of Kings)中偉大的悲劇武士索拉博(Sohrab)。那本書是波斯語經典詩歌皇冠上的一顆明珠。索拉博是偉大的武士魯斯塔姆(Rostam)的兒子,不 過兩人從未謀面。索拉博帶領軍隊出發,想給父親帶來榮耀,為父親贏得王位,但是戰鬥中的對手其實是他的父親。在故事的最後一幕,魯斯塔姆得知他親手刺成重 傷的人竟是自己的兒子,他抱住了奄奄一息的索拉博,那一幕給人的情感震撼真是無可比擬的。

Do you have a favorite childhood literary character or hero? 

The tragic Sohrab, the great warrior from Ferdowsi’s 11th-century “Shahnameh” (“The Book of Kings”), one of the crown jewels of classic Persian poetry. Sohrab is the son of the great warrior Rostam, though the two have never met. Sohrab sets out with an army to bring glory to his father and win him the crown, only to come face to face with him in battle. The last scene of that particular story, Rostam holding Sohrab’s dying body, moments after he has learned the true identity of the man he has mortally wounded with his own sword, is unparalleled in the emotional wallop it packs. 

Khaled Hosseini: By the Book

  June 18, 2013

《列王紀選魯斯塔姆與蘇赫拉布的故事》

列王紀 菲爾多西 著《列王紀選》張鴻年 譯 (1991)Shahnameh, The Book of Kings by Ferdowsi

Shahnameh: The Epic of the Persian Kings

https://iranwire.com/en/features/45

ShahnamehThe Book of Kings
by Ferdowsi

Bahram Gur and Courtiers Entertained by Barbad the Musician (from a manuscript in the Brooklyn Museum)
Original title شاهنامه
Written 977–1010 CE
Country Iran
Language Classical Persian
Subject(s) Persian mythologyhistory of Iran
Genre(s) epic poem
Meter Lines of 22 syllables with two rhyming couplets in the same metre (bahr-i mutaqarib-i mahzuf)[1]
Publication date 1010
Published in English 1832
Media type manuscript
Lines c. 50,000 depending on manuscript
Preceded by Khwaday-Namag
Read online "Shahnameh" at Wikisource


Shahnameh (Book of Kings) Abu'l Qasim Firdausi (935–1020)

The Shahnameh or Shahnama (Persian: شاهنامه‎, romanized: Šāhnāme pronounced [ʃɒːhnɒːˈme]; lit. ' 'The Book of Kings'')[a] is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi for Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni[2] between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran. Consisting of some 50,000 "distichs" or couplets (two-line verses),[3] the Shahnameh is one of the world's longest epic poems. It tells mainly the mythical and to some extent the historical past of the Persian Empire from the creation of the world until the Muslim conquest in the seventh century. IranAzerbaijanAfghanistanTajikistan and the greater region influenced by Persian culture such as ArmeniaDagestanGeorgiaTurkeyTurkmenistan and Uzbekistan celebrate this national epic.[4]

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and Persian language, regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran.[5] It is also important to the contemporary adherents of Zoroastrianism, in that it traces the historical links between the beginnings of the religion and the death of the last Sasanian emperor, which brought an end to the Zoroastrian influence in Iran.

Faramarz, son of Rostam, mourns the death of his father, and of his uncle, Zavareh.


Contents1Composition
2Content2.1Mythical age
2.2Heroic age
2.3Historical age
2.4Message
3Influence on Persian language
4Cultural influence4.1On Georgian identity
4.2On Turkic identity
5Legacy5.1Biographies
5.2Poets
5.3Persian historiography
6Illustrated copies
7Modern editions7.1Scholarly editions
7.2Arabic translation
7.3English translations
7.4Other languages
8In popular culture
9See also
10Notes
11References
12Sources
13Further reading13.1Persian text
13.2Adaptations
14External links



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahnameh




維基百科 列王紀、





一本《列王紀》古卷的精美封面




《諸王之書》,亦稱為《王書》、《列王書》、《諸王書》(波斯語:شاهنامه‎、Šāhnāmeh;即《諸王之書》),是波斯民族的史詩。《列王紀》由10世紀末及11世紀初期的著名波斯詩人菲爾多西波斯文所著,長約6萬多聯押韻對句(共12萬多行),[1]記錄了從遠古神話時期到7世紀的波斯薩珊王朝滅亡這4000多年間的波斯帝國的神話傳說和歷史故事,以及50多位帝王的統治。這部史詩被稱為是波斯古代社會生活的百科全書,對波斯語言和文化在阿拉伯人統治時期能夠得以保存起了重要作用,是伊朗民族的文化認同中重要的一部份。[2]《列王記》不僅在波斯文學中具有重要地位,對中亞其他民族的文學也有明顯的影響。[3]


目次1歷史
2內容
3傳播和影響
4插畫本
5其他
6參考資料6.1注釋
6.2參考書目
7延伸閱讀
8外部連結






Baysonghori版《列王紀》中的插畫。

《列王紀》的插畫本是波斯細密畫最華麗的範例。最精美的版本是藏於大都會藝術博物館的霍頓版,是在16世紀初由伊朗王塔赫馬斯普下令製成的。[11]雖然有幾個《列王紀》插圖本是完整的,但最著名的兩個插圖本(霍頓版和大蒙古版)卻在20世紀被分成多頁出售。霍頓版的有一頁在2006被賣出過£904,000的高價。[12]泥金裝飾手抄本的Baysonghori版《列王紀》(伊朗古列斯坦皇宮)還被包括在UNESCO世界記憶項目中的文化遺產部分。[13]大蒙古版《列王紀》是在伊兒汗國不賽因的統治時期製成的,是插圖最多的和最重要的版本之一。[14]





An image illustrating the parable of the ship of faith from the Houghton Shahnameh (Metropolitan Museum of Art)



書 《列王紀選》(伊朗)菲


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