艾瑪·羅文娜·蓋特伍德Grandma Gatewood (1887–1973享年85歲)。如今，她被人們銘記為長途健行的先驅，堅韌不拔的象徵。因不滿福島核災反應慢，東京大學幅射顧問 Toshiso Kosako 教授 走人Kosako, an expert on radiation safety at the University of Tokyo. He also blasted the government for what he said was a lack of transparency

Grandma Gatewood Born Emma Rowena Caldwell October 25, 1887 Mercerville, Guyan Township, Gallia County, Ohio, U.S. Died June 4, 1973 (aged 85) Gallipolis, Ohio, U.S. Resting place Ohio Valley Memory Gardens Known for Hiking the Appalachian Trail and the Oregon Trail Spouse Perry Clayton Gatewood ​ ​ (m. 1907; div. 1941)​ Children 11

Emma Gatewood

艾瑪·羅文娜·蓋特伍德（1887-1973），常被稱為“蓋特伍德奶奶”，是一位美國徒步旅行家，她晚年的冒險經歷永遠地改變了長途徒步旅行的方式。

她於1887年10月25日出生於西維吉尼亞州蓋安多特，在一個貧困的農戶家庭中排行老五，共有十五個兄弟姊妹。從小，她就透過繁重的體力勞動、長途跋涉和極度匱乏的生活磨練出了堅韌的意志。這些早年的經歷默默地為她日後的成就奠定了基礎。

艾瑪嫁給了佩里·克萊頓·蓋特伍德，育有十一個孩子，其中十個長大成人。她的婚姻充滿暴力和虐待，在養育子女的過程中，她忍受了多年的身體傷害。在離婚對女性而言既罕見又危險的年代，她最終離開了丈夫。後來，她起訴了丈夫並獲得了經濟賠償，這在20世紀初是非凡的獨立之舉。

67歲那年，在大多數人都以為她該放慢腳步的時候，艾瑪決定徒步走完阿巴拉契亞山徑全程，這是一段從喬治亞州到緬因州，超過2000英里的旅程。 1955年，她只告訴家人自己“要去散步”，便獨自出發了。她成為第一個一口氣走完阿巴拉契亞山徑的女性。

她的裝備極為簡陋：一雙帆布鞋代替了登山靴，一個自製的牛仔布袋斜挎在肩上，沒有帳篷。她經常露宿星空下或住在山間小屋裡，依靠沿途城鎮的食物和陌生人的善意度日。當時的山徑路標不清晰，路況崎嶇，更凸顯了她的壯舉。

報紙報道了她的故事，稱她為「蓋特伍德奶奶」。儘管備受關注，她依然保持著務實的態度，對名聲並不在意。她徒步只是因為在經歷了數十年的艱辛之後，徒步讓她獲得了自由、平靜和對生活的掌控。

她並沒有止步於一趟健行之旅。艾瑪曾三次徒步穿越阿巴拉契亞山徑（1955年、1957年和1963年），完成了俄勒岡山徑的大部分路段，並在晚年累計徒步超過14,000英里。她的經歷暴露了山徑維護的嚴重問題，並推動了山徑的改進，最終形成瞭如今的阿巴拉契亞山徑。

艾瑪·羅文娜·蓋特伍德於1973年4月4日去世，享年85歲。如今，她被人們銘記為長途健行的先驅，堅韌不拔的象徵，以及年齡並不能限制冒險精神的有力證明。她的精神遺產至今仍在激勵著世界各地的徒步旅行者。

emma rowena gatewood (1887–1973), often called “grandma gatewood,” was an american hiker whose late-life adventures changed long-distance hiking forever.

she was born on october 25, 1887, in guyandotte, west virginia, one of fifteen children in a poor farming family. from childhood she learned endurance through hard physical labor, long walks, and living with very little. these early years quietly prepared her for what she would later do.

emma married perry clayton gatewood and had eleven children, ten of whom survived to adulthood. her marriage was violent and abusive, and she endured years of physical harm while raising her family. at a time when divorce was rare and dangerous for women, she eventually left her husband. she later sued him and won financial compensation, an extraordinary act of independence in the early 20th century.

at age 67, when most people expected her to slow down, emma decided to hike the entire appalachian trail, a journey of more than 2,000 miles from georgia to maine. in 1955, without telling her family much more than that she was “going for a walk,” she set off alone. she became the first woman to thru-hike the appalachian trail in one continuous journey.

she hiked with extremely simple gear: keds sneakers instead of boots, a homemade denim sack slung over one shoulder, and no tent. she often slept under the stars or in trail shelters and relied on food from towns and kindness from strangers. the trail at the time was poorly marked and rough, making her accomplishment even more remarkable.

newspapers picked up her story, calling her “grandma gatewood.” despite the attention, she remained practical and unimpressed with fame. she simply walked because it gave her freedom, peace, and control over her own life after decades of hardship.

she didn’t stop after one hike. emma thru-hiked the appalachian trail three times (1955, 1957, and 1963), completed long sections of the oregon trail, and walked more than 14,000 miles overall in her later years. her experiences exposed serious problems with trail maintenance and helped push improvements that shaped the modern appalachian trail.

emma rowena gatewood died on april 4, 1973, at age 85. today she is remembered as a pioneer of thru-hiking, a symbol of resilience, and proof that age does not limit adventure. her legacy continues to inspire hikers around the world.

he New York Times

https://www.nytimes.com › World › Asia Pacific

Apr 30, 2011 — Kosako, an expert on radiation safety at the University of Tokyo. He also blasted the government for what he said was a lack of transparency in ...Read

Saturday, April 30, 2011

Kan nuclear adviser fed up, quits

Tokyo professor calls response impromptu, says short-term thinking resulted in delays

Kyodo, AP

Prime Minister Naoto Kan defended his government's handling of the nuclear crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 plant on Saturday, a day after one of his advisers on the emergency vowed to resign in protest at what he called the state's lax response.

Kan told the Lower House Budget Committee the departure of Toshiso Kosako, a professor on antiradiation safety measures at the University of Tokyo's graduate school who assumed the advisory post March 16, is extremely unfortunate.

"We are dealing with the crisis based on the advice that comes as a result of discussions by the Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan. Our handling of the crisis has never been impromptu," Kan said.

Kosako told the government Friday he will resign as Kan's adviser.

"The government has belittled laws and taken measures only for the present moment, resulting in delays in bringing the situation under control," Kosako said.

It is extremely rare for an intellectual adviser appointed by the prime minister to resign in protest at measures the government has taken.

Kosako told reporters at the Diet on Friday it is problematic for the government to have delayed the release of forecasts on the spread of radiation from the Fukushima plant, done by the Nuclear Safety Technology Center's computer system, called the System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information (SPEEDI).

He also blasted the government for hiking the upper limit for emergency workers seeking to bring the crippled plant under control to 250 millisieverts from 100 millisieverts after the crisis broke out.

"The prime minister's office and administrative organizations have made impromptu policy decisions, like playing a whack-a-mole game, ignoring proper procedures," the radiation expert said.

He also urged the government to stiffen guidelines on upper limits on radiation levels the education ministry recently announced as allowable levels for elementary school grounds in Fukushima Prefecture, where the radiation-leaking plant is located.

The guidelines announced by the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry "are inconsistent with internationally commonsensical figures and they were determined by the administration to serve its interests," he said.

As the only country to experience an atomic bombing, Japan has long had a powerful antinuclear movement, and such protests have become louder.

Yoshiko Nakamura, 50, a part-time worker, was among 450 who gathered Saturday in Tokyo's Yoyogi Park. The demonstrators beat drums, shouted "No more nukes" and held banners that read "Electricity in Tokyo, sacrifice in Fukushima."

"We knew all along nuclear power was dangerous. I just didn't know how to express myself," said Nakamura, taking part in her second demonstration in two weeks. "This is a great opportunity to send a message and voice my fears."

Such demonstrations have become more frequent, including during the Golden Week holidays, which continue through the weekend and this week. "What I had feared might happen has become reality," said Kenji Kitamura, a 48-year-old office worker. "It is outrageous children are being exposed to such high levels of radiation."

***

Japanese Radiation Adviser Quits in Rebuke to Government

VOA News April 30, 2011

Photo: AFP

Toshiso Kosako, Tokyo University professor and a senior nuclear adviser to Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan, announces his resignation to Kan at a press conference in Tokyo, April 29, 2011

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A key Japanese adviser on radiation leaks at the country's disabled Fukushima nuclear power facility has quit in protest over the government's handling of the disaster.

The adviser, Toshiso Kosako, a radiation safety expert at the University of Tokyo, said the government-set limits for radiation exposure at schools near the nuclear site are too high. At a tearful news conference late Friday, Kosako said he could "not allow this as a scholar."

Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan appointed Kosako to advise the government after the March 11 earthquake and tsunami. In quitting his position, Kosako criticized the government for what he said is its "impromptu" handling of the crisis and slow pace of bringing the nuclear facility's radiation leaks under control.

A new survey released Saturday by the Kyodo news agency showed that the Japanese public is growing increasingly disenchanted with Kan's leadership in dealing with the recovery effort, with about three-fourths of those polled saying they are dissatisfied. That negative view of Kan was up markedly from a similar survey in late March. Nearly a quarter of those surveyed said he should resign immediately.

Meanwhile, the lower house of the Japanese parliament passed an emergency budget of more than $48 billion as a down payment on the rebuilding effort in the country's northeastern sector devastated by the twin natural disasters. The upper house of parliament is expected to approve the spending plan on Monday.

The emergency budget is likely to be followed by other spending packages to cover the overall reconstruction. The region's damage has been estimated at more than $300 billion.