| 阿爾及爾 الجزائر （阿拉伯文） Alger （法文） ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ（柏柏爾文） | |
|---|---|
| 首都 | |
 | |
 旗幟  圖章 | |
| 綽號： El-Behdja；Alger la Blanche | |
  阿爾及爾 在阿爾及利亞的位置 | |
| 坐標：36°46′35″N 3°03′31″E | |
| 國家 |  阿爾及利亞 |
| 省 | 阿爾及爾省 |
| 區 | 阿爾及爾區 |
| • 瓦利 | M. Mohamed Kebir Addou |
| 面積 | |
| • 總計 | 363平方公里（140平方英里） |
| • 都會區 | 1,800平方公里（700平方英里） |
| 最高海拔 | 424公尺（1,391英尺） |
| 最低海拔 | 2公尺（7英尺） |
| 人口（2011）[1][2] | |
| • 首都 | 3,415,811人 |
| • 密度 | 9,410人/平方公里（24,372人/平方英里） |
| • 都會區 | 5,000,000 |
| • 都會區密度 | 2,778人/平方公里（7,194人/平方英里） |
| 時區 | CET（UTC+1） |
| 郵編 | 16000–16132 |
| 電話區號 | (+213) 021 |
Historical affiliations
Algiers الجزائر | |
|---|---|
| الجزائر العاصمة | |
 Flag | |
| Nicknames: Algiers the White; Algiers the Dazzling; The White City | |
 Algiers Location in Algeria and Africa | |
| Coordinates: 36°43′57″N 03°05′14″E | |
| Country | Algeria |
| Province | Algiers |
| Incorporated | 972 |
| Founded by | Buluggin ibn Ziri |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mahdia Benghalia (since 2021) |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 443 km2 (171 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,190 km2 (460 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 424 m (1,391 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 2 m (6.6 ft) |
| Population (2025)[1] | |
| 4,325,000 | |
| • Rank | 1st in Algeria 6th in the Arab world 18th in Africa |
| • Urban | 3,004,000 |
| • Metro | 4,325,000 |
| • Metro density | 7,012/km2 (18,160/sq mi) |
| GDP (nominal) | |
| • Capital city | US$51 billion[2] |
| • Per capita | US$17,000[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Postal codes | 16000–16132 |
| Area code | (+213) 021 |
| Licence plate | 16 |
| Climate | Csa |
| Official name | Casbah of Algiers |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, v |
| Designated | 1992 (16th session) |
| Reference no. | 565 |
| Region | List of World Heritage Sites in North Africa |
Algiers[a] is the capital city of Algeria, located on the Mediterranean Sea in the north-central portion of the country. In 2025, an estimated 4.325 million people resided within the urban area.[3] Algiers is the largest city in Algeria, the third-largest city on the Mediterranean, the sixth-largest city in the Arab world, and the 29th-largest city in Africa by population. Algiers is the capital of the Algiers Province; it extends over many communes without having its own separate governing body. It extends along the Bay of Algiers surrounded by the Mitidja Plain and major mountain ranges. Its favorable location made it the center of Ottoman and French influences for the region, shaping it to be a diverse metropolis.
Algiers was formally founded in 972 AD by Buluggin ibn Ziri, though its history goes back to between 1200 and 250 BC as a Phoenician trading settlement. Over time, it came under the control of several powers, including Numidia, the Roman Empire, and various Islamic caliphates. In 1516, it became the capital of the Ottoman Regency of Algiers, a status it held until the French invasion in 1830, after which it served as the capital of French Algeria. During World War II, it briefly functioned as the administrative center of Free France from 1942 to 1944 before returning to French colonial rule. It has remained the capital of the modern Algerian state since the Algerian Revolution in 1962.
Algiers is the main tourist destination in Algeria, known for its numerous museums, art galleries, and cultural institutions. Most notable is the historic Casbah, a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring traditional Algerian, Ottoman, and Andalusian architecture. The city also contains a larger French-built section that showcases diverse architectural styles and trends. Commonly referred to as al bidha ("the white") for its whitewashed buildings, Algiers blends colonial and indigenous urban influences. It hosted the 1975 Mediterranean Games and various major international sporting events, and it serves as the seat of the Consultative Council of the Arab Maghreb Union. Numerous Algerian multinational companies and institutions are based in the city, such as Sonatrach Petroleum Corporation, Air Algérie, and Bank of Algeria.
Name origin
The present name of the city is the Arabic name al-Jazāʾir (الجزائر), meaning "The Islands", this name's origin is related to the 4 main islands off the western cape where people settled, looking on a map one can notice that the islands were eventually connected to the mainland in 1525 AD via a pier now named Kheireddine pier. This name is a truncated form of the name that was used first by Buluggin ibn Ziri when he established the modern city in 972 AD which was Jazaʾir Banī Mazghanna (جزائر بني مزغانة), meaning "islands of Banu Mazghanna", this term was used by the Hammadid dynasty as well as early medieval geographers such as Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi. Before that, from French and Catalan Alger[4] from the Arabic name, Al-Jazāʾir. The name was given by Buluggin ibn Ziri after he established the city on the ruins of the Phoenician city of Icosium in 950.[5] During Ottoman rule, the name of the capital, al-Jazā'ir, was extended over the entire country, giving it the English name Algeria derived from the French name Algérie.[6]
In classical antiquity, the ancient Greeks knew the town as Ikósion (Ancient Greek: Ἰκόσιον), which was Latinized as Icosium under Roman rule. The Greeks explained the name as coming from their word for "twenty" (εἴκοσι, eíkosi), supposedly because it had been founded by 20 companions of Hercules when he visited the Atlas Mountains during his labors.[7]
Algiers is also known as el-Behdja (البهجة, "The Joyous") El Mahrussa ("the good-guarded"), or "Algiers the White" (French: Alger la Blanche) for its whitewashed buildings.[8][note 1][9]
History
Historical affiliations
Early history
The city's history is believed to date back to 1200 BC, but it was a small settlement without any significance until around the 3rd century BC when "Ikosim" became a small port town in Carthage where Phoenicians were trading with other Mediterranean ports. After the Battle of Cirta, Numidia got a hold of the town along with its neighboring regions at around 202 BC, after which the Punic Wars started weakening the Berber nation. On 104 BC, following the capturing of Jughurta and executing him in Rome, the western half of his nation was given to Mauretania under the rule of Bocchus I. At around 42 AD, Claudius divided Mauretania into two provinces, Mauretania Caesariensis that included Icosium as one of its towns; the second province was Mauretania Tingitana and were deemed as Roman Municipiums, additionally they were given Latin rights by the emperor Vespasian. In 371-373 AD, Mauretania revolted with the help of Firmus, in hopes of establishing an independent state. Icosium was raided and damaged. Some clues show the presence of bishops in the region at this time.[10]
In 435 AD, the Vandal Kingdom took control of northern Africa along the coasts of today's Tunisia and Algeria. The Western Roman Empire that was ruling the area allowed the Vandals to settle when it became clear that they could not be defeated by Roman military forces. Though the city was damaged again due to the fighting between the two armies, the town was still slowly growing in population.
Medieval history
In 534 AD, the Vandal kingdom was subjugated by the general
在拿破崙戰爭的高峰時期，巴克里兄弟及其侄子納夫塔利·布斯納赫或許是地中海地區最臭名昭著的猶太人。他們家族盤踞在戰略要地阿爾及爾，從事原料和奢侈品貿易，斡旋於奧斯曼帝國之間，並為交戰國提供至關重要的資金。對於在該地區爭奪貿易和影響力的法國、英國和美國而言，巴克里家族和布斯納赫家族是他們無法繞過的障礙。
在《阿爾及爾之王》一書中，朱莉·卡爾曼追溯了這兩個貿易家族在19世紀動盪的四十年間的興衰歷程。
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