//美國軍方已成功測試高功率微波武器,能夠在數秒內癱瘓無人機蜂群。其中一個值得注意的系統名為 Leonidas,由美國國防公司 Epirus 開發。
The Leonidas is a high-power microwave (HPM) weapon developed to disable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. It was named after Leonidas I, king of Sparta, who fought a defensive battle against numerically superior enemy forces.
Design and development
Epirus was founded in 2018 to enter the counter-drone market and it unveiled the Leonidas in 2020. The threat of small drones, especially cheap consumer models, is difficult to counter in large numbers using traditional kinetic means. Against regular air defenses, cheap drones can be deployed in large numbers to overwhelm a defender or force them to expend more expensive interceptors. Leonidas is designed as a directed energy weapon that fires electromagnetic pulse (EMP) beams to disable electronics. The system is able to pick individual targets or cover a large area in wide beam mode to affect any electronic device that passes through. While it was intended to be used against airborne drone threats, it has the ability to knock out ground vehicles and sea vessels; it works against any electronics, and has been demonstrated to disable an outboard ship motor.[1][2][3][4]
Due to its use of gallium nitride transistors previously used in radars instead of magnetron vacuum tubes, Leonidas can maintain a durable microwave beam while being smaller and requiring less power. As a directed EMP, the system has advantages over other DEWs; lasers can only be used against one target at a time while an HPM can focus on a large area, and it works against autonomous UAVs with no link back to an operator that radio jamming would be ineffective against. Because it is software-based, it is able to discriminate between enemy and friendly aircraft, allowing it to take down enemy drones while enabling friendly ones to operate in the same vicinity. The original configuration was as a towed trailer. In October 2021, Epirus and General Dynamics announced they were teaming to integrate Leonidas onto the Stryker to provide mobile short-range air defense. Epirus unveiled the Leonidas Pod in February 2022 capable of being carried by a heavy-lift UAV.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The Leonidas Expeditionary Directed Energy Counter-Swarm (ExDECS) was unveiled in September 2024 as a small version for mobile forces such as the U.S. Marine Corps.[8] The Leonidas H2O, a system one-third the size of the original, was used in a U.S. Navy exercise in August 2024 to disable small boat motors. It was effective at 100 meters working at half power, and can achieve greater ranges than normal by reflecting off the water's surface.[9][10]
On 23 January 2023, Epirus was awarded a $66.1 million contract by the Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) to deliver the Leonidas to the U.S. Army as part of the Indirect Fire Protection Capability-High-Power Microwave (IFPC-HPM) program after outperforming six other systems. Four prototypes were to be produced by 2024 and then transitioned to a program of record in 2025.[4][7][11][12] Epirus announced on 1 November 2023 that the first prototype had been delivered[13] and all four were delivered by March 2024.[14][15] Some of the IFPC-HPM prototypes were deployed to CENTCOM to see how they perform in a real-world environment,[16] with two deployed by early 2025.[10]
「列奧尼達斯」(Leonidas)是一種高功率微波(HPM)武器,旨在癱瘓無人機群。它以斯巴達國王列奧尼達一世的名字命名,這位國王曾率領斯巴達軍隊以少勝多,進行防禦戰。
設計與研發
Epirus公司成立於2018年,旨在進軍反無人機市場,並於2020年推出了「列奧尼達斯」武器。小型無人機,尤其是廉價的消費級無人機,其威脅難以透過傳統的動能手段大規模應對。面對常規防空系統,廉價無人機可以大量部署,從而壓制防御者或迫使其投入更昂貴的攔截器。 「列奧尼達斯」被設計成一種定向能武器,發射電磁脈衝(EMP)波束來癱瘓電子設備。該系統能夠選擇單一目標,也可以在寬波束模式下覆蓋大片區域,影響任何穿過波束的電子設備。雖然其最初設計用於對抗空中無人機威脅,但它也能夠摧毀地面車輛和海上艦艇。它能有效幹擾任何電子設備,並已被證實能夠使舷外機失效。 [1][2][3][4]
由於採用了先前雷達中使用的氮化鎵晶體管而非磁控管真空管,Leonidas 能夠在保持穩定微波束的同時,體積更小、功耗更低。作為定向電磁脈衝武器,該系統相較於其他定向能武器系統具有優勢;雷射武器一次只能攻擊一個目標,而高功率微波武器可以集中攻擊大片區域;此外,它還能有效對抗那些無法與操作員通信的自主無人機,而無線電幹擾對這類無人機無效。由於採用軟體控制,它能夠區分敵我無人機,從而在擊落敵方無人機的同時,確保友方無人機在同一區域內正常運作。最初的配置是拖曳式。 2021年10月,Epirus公司和通用動力公司宣布合作,將 Leonidas 系統整合到「史特瑞克」裝甲車上,以提供移動式近程防空能力。 Epirus公司於2022年2月發布了Leonidas吊艙,可由重型無人機攜帶。 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] 2024年9月,Epirus公司發布了Leonidas遠徵定向能反集群系統(ExDECS),該系統是Leonidas的小型版本,適用於美國海軍陸戰隊等機動部隊。 [8] Leonidas H2O系統體積僅為原系統的三分之一,於2024年8月在美國海軍的一次演習中使用,用於癱瘓小型船隻的發動機。該系統在半功率工作時有效射程為100米,並且可以透過水面反射實現比普通系統更遠的射程。 [9][10]
2023年1月23日,Epirus公司憑藉其Leonidas系統,在性能上超越其他六款系統,獲得美國陸軍快速能力與關鍵技術辦公室(RCCTO)價值6610萬美元的合同,負責向美國陸軍交付Leonidas系統,作為間接火力防護能力-高功率微波(IFPC-HPM)負責向美國陸軍交付Leonidas系統,作為間接火力防護能力-高功率微波(IFPC-HPM)項目的一部分。原計劃在2024年前生產四台原型機,並在2025年正式轉為專案。 [4][7][11][12] Epirus公司於2023年11月1日宣布首台原型機已交付[13],所有四台原型機均於2024年3月前交付完畢。 [14][15] 部分IFPC-HPM原型機已部署至美國中央司令部(CENTCOM),以測試其在實際環境中的性能[16],其中兩台已於2025年初部署完畢。 [10]
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- Reign & Family: King of Sparta from around 490 B.C. until his death, succeeding his half-brother Cleomenes I. He was married to Gorgo, daughter of Cleomenes.
- Military Context: He was a warrior-king, trained from youth in Sparta's rigorous military system (Agoge).
- Thermopylae (480 B.C.): He led a small, allied Greek force to block the vast Persian invasion by King Xerxes I at Thermopylae.
- Heroic Sacrifice: After being outflanked, he dismissed most troops, staying with 300 Spartans (and Thespians/Thebans) to fight to the death, a pivotal moment in the Greco-Persian Wars.
- Leonidas (Chocolate): A well-known Belgian brand established in 1913, famous for its pralines and chocolates.
- Epirus Leonidas: A modern High-Power Microwave (HPM) system used for electronic warfare and counter-UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems).
- Mythology/Fiction: A character in the manga Record of Ragnarok (Shuumatsu no Valkyrie).
人工智慧概述
https://classicalwisdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Leonidas-I-of-Sparta_1.jpg
列奧尼達一世是著名的斯巴達國王(約公元前530-480年),他因在公元前480年的溫泉關戰役中率領300名斯巴達勇士英勇抵抗龐大的波斯軍隊而聞名。他的英勇抵抗延緩了波斯人的進攻,使他成為勇氣和犧牲的象徵。他的故事主要出自歷史學家希羅多德的記載,著重展現了他在軍事化社會中的領導才能,以及他選擇在狹窄隘口作戰的戰略決策,激勵了整個希臘。 「列奧尼達」也指一個受歡迎的比利時巧克力品牌和其他一些事物。
斯巴達國王列奧尼達(歷史人物)
統治時期及家族:約西元前490年成為斯巴達國王。直至去世,他繼承了同父異母的兄弟克里昂米尼斯一世的王位。他娶了克里昂米尼斯的女兒戈爾戈為妻。
軍事背景:他是一位驍勇善戰的君王,自幼便在斯巴達嚴苛的軍事體系(阿戈格)中接受訓練。
溫泉關戰役(西元前480年):他率領一支規模不大的希臘聯軍在溫泉關阻擋了波斯國王薛西斯一世的大規模入侵。
英勇犧牲:在被包抄之後,他解散了大部分軍隊,留下300名斯巴達勇士(以及底比斯人)戰鬥至死,這是希波戰爭中的關鍵時刻。
「列奧尼達」的其他意義
列奧尼達(巧克力):創立於1913年的知名比利時品牌,以其果仁糖和巧克力而聞名。
伊庇魯斯·列奧尼達斯:一種用於電子戰和反無人機系統的現代高功率微波(HPM)系統。
神話/虛構作品:漫畫《終末的女武神》(Shuumatsu no Valkyrie)中的角色。
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東海道新幹線連接京都、名古屋和東京至大阪站。目前東京至名古屋的新幹線(東海道線)運行速度最高可達285-320公里/小時(177-200英里/小時),全程約需90-120分鐘。但即將開通的中央磁浮線路預計將為未來的東京至大阪之旅提供更快的速度(營運時速最高可達500公里/小時),東京至名古屋段是其中的一部分。
目前東海道新幹線(普通鐵路)
芬蘭成功地展示了一種未來主義的磁浮貨運系統,該系統無需引擎、車輪或傳統摩擦力,即可實現高達 500 公里/小時的貨運速度。貨運艙並非在軌道上滾動,而是利用磁力懸浮在導軌上方,以實現超高速、靜音的運輸。
這項技術最初是為研究和未來物流網絡而開發的,它預示著高速、低能耗貨運新時代的到來。
重要細節:
• 貨艙利用磁場懸浮-無需物理接觸
• 在受控測試中,速度接近 500 公里/小時
• 無需引擎、車輪或燃燒系統
• 由於摩擦力接近零,噪音極低
• 與鐵路或公路運輸相比,機械磨損較小
• 貨物運輸速度可望超過卡車和傳統列車
• 與輪式系統相比,高速行駛時更節能
• 專為應對北歐惡劣天氣和寒冷環境而設計
• 可望變革長途物流、港口和工業供應鏈
這項突破性技術展示瞭如何讓運輸變得更快、更乾淨、更安靜——證明物流的未來或許不是滾動前進,而是漂浮前進。
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