2026年5月14日星期四

Herbert A. Simon先生紀念 (2026 0615；爭議：喬納森·海特因畢業典禮演說，遭紐約大學學生強烈反對：海特表示，大學保護學生免受挑戰性思想的影響。但學生領袖表示，他的觀點並不能代表他們的價值觀。 2) ：· 喬納森·海特在紐約大學2026屆畢業典禮致詞中，敦促畢業生珍惜注意力，並用它來完成艱鉅的任務。.......注意力經濟學的概念最早由心理學家兼經濟學家赫伯特·A·西蒙於1971年提出。當時他撰文論述了資訊爆炸時代注意力的稀缺性：

《大西洋月刊》

· 喬納森·海特在紐約大學2026屆畢業典禮致詞中，敦促畢業生珍惜注意力，並用它來完成艱鉅的任務。 https://theatln.tc/iTs… 看更多

The Atlantic

In his commencement address to the NYU class of 2026, Jonathan Haidt urged graduates to treasure their attention—and to use it to do hard things. https://theatln.tc/iTs…… 查看更多

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_economy

歷史注意力經濟學的概念最早由心理學家兼經濟學家赫伯特·A·西蒙[12]於1971年提出。當時他撰文論述了資訊爆炸時代注意力的稀缺性： [在資訊爆炸的時代，資訊的豐富意味著其他東西的匱乏：資訊所消耗的資源的匱乏。資訊消耗的資源顯而易見：它消耗的是接收者的注意力。因此，豐富的資訊造成了注意力的貧乏，需要有效地將注意力分配到可能消耗它的大量資訊來源。 [13] 他指出，許多資訊系統的設計者錯誤地將他們的設計問題描述為資訊稀缺而非注意力稀缺，結果，他們構建的系統擅長向人們提供越來越多的信息，而真正需要的是擅長過濾掉不重要或無關信息的系統。 [14] 自 1990 年代中期以來，西蒙將資訊過載問題定性為經濟問題的觀點在資訊消費分析中日益流行。當時，托馬斯·H·達文波特和邁克爾·戈德哈伯[15]等學者採用了「注意力經濟」和「注意力經濟學」等術語。 [16] 一些學者推測，基於注意力的交易將取代金融交易，成為經濟體系的核心。例如，戈德哈伯在 1997 年寫道：「…涉及金錢的交易總量可能在增長，但全球注意力交易的總量增長速度更快。」[17] 格奧爾格·弗蘭克在 1999 年的一篇文章中指出，對於雜誌和電視等廣告媒體而言，「注意力收入高於經濟成功」。 [18] 資訊系統研究人員也接受了這個觀點，並開始研究基於注意力產權理念的機制設計（請參閱「應用」部分）。 2022年，萊斯大學教授阿德里安·萊納迪克（Adrian Lenardic）及其兩位合著者在BigThink網站上撰文指出，注意力經濟對科學研究產生了不利影響：「科學家的工作從公眾那裡獲得的關注度如今會影響其價值的感知。科學家會在簡歷中列出媒體曝光次數，許多博士論文現在也會列出的關注人數。他們還補充說，研究結果在缺乏同儕審查或可重複性的情況下就被公開發表。 [19]

History

The concept of attention economics was first theorized by psychologist and economist Herbert A. Simon^[12] when he wrote about the scarcity of attention in an information-rich world in 1971:

[I]n an information-rich world, the wealth of information means a dearth of something else: a scarcity of whatever it is that information consumes. What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.^[13]

He noted that many designers of information systems incorrectly represented their design problem as information scarcity rather than attention scarcity, and as a result, they built systems that excelled at providing more and more information to people, when what was really needed were systems that excelled at filtering out unimportant or irrelevant information.^[14]

Simon's characterization of the problem of information overload as an economic one has become increasingly popular in analyzing information consumption since the mid-1990s, when writers such as Thomas H. Davenport and Michael Goldhaber^[15] adopted terms like "attention economy" and "economics of attention".^[16]

Some writers have speculated that transactions based on attention will replace financial transactions as the focus of economic system. For example, Goldhaber wrote in 1997: "...transactions in which money is involved may be growing in total number, but the total number of global attention transactions is growing even faster."^[17] For a 1999 essay, Georg Franck argued "income in attention ranks above financial success" for advertising-based media like magazines and television.^[18] Information systems researchers have also adopted the idea, and are beginning to investigate mechanism designs which build on the idea of creating property rights in attention (see Applications).

In 2022, Rice University professor Adrian Lenardic and two co-authors wrote for BigThink that attention economics adversely affected scientific research: "The attention a scientist’s work gains from the public now plays into its perceived value. Scientists list media exposure counts on résumés, and many PhD theses now include the number of times a candidate’s work has appeared in the popular science press. Science has succumbed to the attention economy."^[19] They add that study results are publicized without proper peer input or reproducibility.^[19]

N.Y.U. Students Object to Speaker Who Calls Their Generation Coddled

Jonathan Haidt, a professor, says that colleges shield students from challenging ideas. But student leaders said he does not represent their values.

紐約大學學生反對一位稱他們這一代被嬌慣的演講者

教授喬納森·海特表示，大學保護學生免受挑戰性思想的影響。但學生領袖表示，他的觀點並不能代表他們的價值觀。

Jonathan Haidt stands in a building with a high wooden ceiling and glass railings. Behind him are two tall purple banners with white text, including the word "INSPIRE."

Jonathan Haidt at New York University in 2024. Credit...Lila Barth for The New York

喬納森·海特因畢業典禮演說遭紐約大學學生強烈反對

海特對多元化、公平和包容性措施的批評。（海特博士在2022年表示，他將退出一個專業協會，因為該協會要求其年會演講者披露他們的工作如何推進該協會的公平和反種族主義目標。）

學生們在信中表示震驚，紐約大學竟然找不到一位「學術成就和全球貢獻更能準確反映其畢業生價值觀和多元化」的演講者。他們指出，往年的演講嘉賓包括泰勒·斯威夫特、索尼婭·索托馬約爾大法官和律師大衛·博伊斯。

信中繼續寫道：“許多學生表示感到失望、厭惡、缺乏熱情、挫敗和尷尬”，並對原本值得慶祝的時刻“卻變成了又一次被誤解的事件”表示遺憾。

In their letter, the students expressed shock that N.Y.U. could not find a speaker “whose scholarship and global contributions more accurately reflect the values and diversity of its graduates.” In past years, they noted, speakers included Taylor Swift, Justice Sonia Sotomayor and the lawyer David Boies.

the letter went on, expressing regret that their celebratory moment had instead “become another instance of being misunderstood.”

書籍

焦慮的世代

2024

正義之心：為什麼好人會因政治和宗教而分裂

2012

嬌慣的美國心靈

2018

幸福假設

2006

神奇的一代：螢幕世界中的樂趣與自由指南

2025