我 (A.O. Scott )的人生曾是一場災難。直到我讀了Wendy Cope這首詩--從詩中尋求人生智慧。Then I Read This Poem. A.O. Scott seeks practical wisdom in a villanelle by Wendy Cope.維拉內拉詩是一種結構嚴謹的19行詩，由五個三行詩節（三行詩節）和一個四行詩節（四行詩節）組成。它採用嚴格的重複韻律，只使用兩種音節，並大量運用兩行重複出現的詩句作為疊句。結構：維拉內拉詩的顯著特徵在於其對詩行重複的執著運用。它只需要13行獨特的詩句即可完成19行的詩。

維拉內拉詩是一種結構嚴謹的19行詩，由五個三行詩節（三行詩節）和一個四行詩節（四行詩節）組成。它採用嚴格的重複韻律，只使用兩種音節，並大量運用兩行重複出現的詩句作為疊句。結構：維拉內拉詩的顯著特徵在於其對詩行重複的執著運用。它只需要13行獨特的詩句即可完成19行的詩。形式：5個三行詩節 + 1個四行詩節；韻律：(aba) \(aba) \(aba) \(aba) \(aba) \(abaa)；疊句（重複詩句）：第一節的第一行和第三行構成了詩歌的兩個疊句。這些詩句交替重複，構成接下來四節詩的結尾，並組合在一起，結束最後一個四行詩。著名例子：由於其嚴格的限制，這種詩歌形式創作起來頗具挑戰性，但如果運用得當，則能產生一種強大而引人入勝的效果。 「迪倫·托馬斯的《不要溫和地走進那個良夜》（最著名的維拉內拉詩，運用交替的疊句懇求一位垂死的父親與死神抗爭）。」伊麗莎白·畢肖普的《一種藝術》（一首關於如何應對日常事物失去的精妙維拉內拉詩）。 「埃德溫‧阿靈頓‧羅賓遜的《山上的房子》。

A villanelle is a highly structured 19-line poem consisting of five three-line stanzas (tercets) and a concluding four-line stanza (quatrain). It features a strict repeating rhyme scheme using only two sounds, and relies heavily on two recurring lines that alternate as refrains. [1, 2, 3, 4]

The Structure

The defining feature of the villanelle is its obsessive, echoing use of line repetition. It requires only 13 unique lines to complete the 19-line poem. [1, 2]

• Form: 5 tercets + 1 quatrain
• Rhyme Scheme: \(aba\) \(aba\) \(aba\) \(aba\) \(aba\) \(abaa\)
• Refrains (Repeating Lines): The first and third lines of the first stanza establish the poem's two refrains. These lines alternately repeat to end the next four stanzas, and are placed together to conclude the final quatrain. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Famous Examples

Because of its strict constraints, the form is challenging to write but creates a powerful, hypnotic effect when done well. [1]

• "Do not go gentle into that good night" by Dylan Thomas (The most famous villanelle, which uses the alternating refrains to plead with a dying father to fight death).
• "One Art" by Elizabeth Bishop (A masterful villanelle about coping with the loss of everyday things).
• "The House on the Hill" by Edwin Arlington Robinson. [1, 2, 3]