2025年12月9日 星期二

The "New York Intellectuals"; Hannah Arendt《 女哲學家與她的情人》作者:漢娜・鄂蘭(Hannah Arendt,1906-1975)《極權主義的起源》、《人的條件》、《在過去和未來之間》、《平凡的邪惡》、《論革命》、《共和危機》、《心智生命》、《黑暗時代群像》 Hannah Steinberg created a non-profit that uses extreme couponing to donate items to homeless shelters and hospitals

New York City universities have been home to several influential thinkers across various fields, from the early 20th-century 
New York Intellectuals to contemporary philosophers at institutions like NYU and CUNY. 
The "New York Intellectuals"
A prominent group of American writers and critics in the mid-20th century, many of the "New York Intellectuals" were educated at the City College of New York (often called the "Harvard of the Proletariat"), NYU, and Columbia University. They were known for advocating left-wing, anti-Stalinist politics and integrating literary theory with Marxism. 
Notable members of this group included: 
  • Hannah Arendt
  • Saul Bellow
  • Daniel Bell
  • Irving Howe
  • Seymour Martin Lipset
  • Susan Sontag
  • Lionel Trilling 
Contemporary Academic Thinkers
New York City universities remain major centers for intellectual activity, particularly in philosophy, law, and social sciences. 
New York University (NYU)
NYU's Department of Philosophy is particularly well-regarded and has housed numerous prominent thinkers. 
  • Kwame Anthony Appiah: Philosopher with dual appointments in philosophy and law.
  • David Chalmers: Known for his work in the philosophy of mind and consciousness.
  • Ronald Dworkin: Influential philosopher of law.
  • Thomas Nagel: Known for his contributions to philosophy of mind, law, and ethics.
  • Peter Singer: Notable former visiting scholar in applied ethics. 
City University of New York (CUNY)
The CUNY Graduate Center and its various colleges (like City College and Baruch) host a wide range of accomplished scholars. 
  • Noël Carroll: Distinguished professor of philosophy and leading philosopher of film and aesthetics.
  • David Harvey: A renowned geographer and social theorist at the Graduate Center.
  • Paul Krugman: Nobel laureate economist.
  • Massimo Pigliucci: Professor of philosophy at City College, known for his work on Stoicism and public defense of evolutionary biology.
  • Saul Kripke: The Saul Kripke Center at the CUNY Graduate Center houses the archives of this highly distinguished philosopher and logician. 
Other Influential Figures
  • John Dewey: A major progressive thinker in education and philosophy, Dewey found himself leaning toward a more populist and socialist stance while working in a university environment.
  • Hannah Arendt: Associated with both the "New York Intellectuals" and The New School's "University in Exile" program, a unique initiative that provided refuge for Jewish scholars fleeing Nazi Germany. 


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川普不只是一個商人而已,他對於文化議題也很有各樣的看法。我笑説前天發表的那份《國家安全策略文》讀起來簡直好像一份缺少道德關心的《春秋》,或者像遇到鈴木大拙之後的湯恩比。
今天看到了Peter Brooks 寫的有關“新保守主義”的論文。文章提到這批思想家們(或應該説公共知識人)很多都與紐約市立大學的城市書院(The City College of New York, CUNY) 有關,多在那裏受過教育。城市書院是我以前教書的學校,過去被稱爲是“猶太人的哈佛”。我的好朋友 Murray Rubinstein (中文名爲張格物)的父親就是這個學校的畢業生。張格物每次提到她父親輩的種種,總會流露出非常欽佩和向往的表情。



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女哲學家與她的情人作者:漢娜・鄂蘭《極權主義的起源》、《人的條件》、《在過去和未來之間》、《平凡的邪惡》、《論革命》、《共和危機》、《心智生命》、《黑暗時代群像》

1975年的今天,漢娜•鄂蘭(Hannah Arendt,1906年10月14日-1975年12月4日)過世於美國紐約,享年69歲。
漢娜•鄂蘭是美國政治理論家,猶太人,原籍德國,1950年歸化為美國公民,1959年她成為普林斯頓大學任命的第一位女性正教授。鄂蘭以其關於極權主義的研究著稱於西方思想界,她常被稱為哲學家,但她本人始終拒絕這一標籤,理由是「哲學關心的是單個的人」,而她的著作集中關注「生長繁衍於大地之上的人類,而非個人」,因此應該被視為政治理論家。
她的代表著作為1951年出版的《極權主義的起源》(The Origins of Totalitarianism),和1963年出版的《平凡的邪惡》(Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil) 。


書名:女哲學家與她的情人
作者:伊絲貝塔‧愛婷爵(Elzbieta Ettinger)著,蘇友貞譯
出版:麥田出版,1997(NT.190)


        《女哲學家與她的情人》一書於1995年在美國出版,描寫的女哲學家是漢娜‧鄂蘭(Hannah Arendt)、而她的情人則是鼎鼎大名的馬丁‧海德格(Martin Heidegger)。......《女哲學家與她的情人》出版後的爭論也大約是這種模式----鄂蘭、這位以撻伐反猶太主義為其思想精髓的鄂蘭,竟為了「私情」,而盲目地護衛著有納粹牽連的海德格--這本書的出版簡直污衊了鄂蘭的清名、也污染了她在倫理和道德學說上的建樹!麥田出版的譯本中,除了作者的前言和譯者的序外,還包括了一篇孫康宜寫的『從女性覺醒看女思想家漢娜‧鄂蘭』的序,以及康正果所寫的序--『哲人間的是非和私情』,寫的是關於海德格的道德問題。

I.《責任與判斷》
本書集結鄂蘭生前最後十年未出版的文章與演講稿,這時,鄂蘭正在發展她的判斷理論,這些文章表達了她的問題意識,以及思辨的心路歷程。她一心搶救道德現象,在理論方面細究蘇格拉底、柏拉圖、耶穌、保羅、奧古斯丁、馬基維利、康德、尼采諸大家,又針對公共教育、梵蒂岡教廷、奧許維茲審判、水門案這些特定事件下判斷,斯人風采,如在眼前。
  沒有人比鄂蘭更了解二十世紀的政治危機,這些危機可以視作道德崩潰,勢如瓦解,顯而易見。鄂蘭看到那困難的核心,不是由於人的無知或邪惡,未能辨識道德「真理」,而是道德「真理」竟不足以作為標準,去判斷人的行為。西方思想引以為神聖之事,全盤改變了。道德思想的傳統斷裂,再也無法復原。
  鄂蘭在她出生的地方,看到眾人曾經視為理所當然的東西,一種似乎牢靠而穩固的道德結構,在納粹的統治下崩解了;二戰之後,她又看到另一次翻轉,原來的道德結構重新被召喚回來。但它可以有多麼穩固呢?尼采認為規範人類行為的原則,是可替換的價值,最後不證明他是對的?
  雖然別人可能料想鄂蘭定會同意,她還是沒有同意。她提出有些人確實會去分辨是非,根據這項區辨而行動。雖然他們既非聖賢亦非英雄,雖然他們沒有聽到上帝的聲音,或藉由普世的自然之光而照見真理,但他們知道、也堅守著善惡的區別。這個事實對鄂蘭來說太具有預示性,太強大了,她無法把這東西只當作性格之高貴。
  要跟上她,是讀者的艱鉅任務。主要並不是挑戰讀者的智力或知識,而是思考能力。她提出的並非理論性解答,而是豐富的刺激,刺激你自己去思考。她相信在真正的轉捩點,「過往無法給未來帶來啟示,人心徘徊在晦暗之中。」在這種時刻,心靈的晦暗就是最清明的指示,指示我們需要重新思考人類責任的意義,人類判斷的力量。
II.《政治的承諾》
  極權主義和原子彈所帶來的經驗,點燃當前時代政治意義的問題。今天我們對政治所持的偏見底下,是希望和恐懼:害怕人性會透過政治、透過手中掌握的武力毀滅自身。而和這個恐懼相連結的是希望,希望人性會恢復理智,不是將人類從世間消除,而是把政治從世間消除。
  漢娜.鄂蘭對整個西方政治思想傳統展開批判性檢視,她發現,該傳統未能充分解釋人類的行動。這個傳統起於柏拉圖和亞里斯多德:自蘇格拉底被判死刑,思想家全都輕政治洞見而重哲學真理,視政治為達成更高目標的手段。馬基維利的著作是窮究哲學實用性的第一個徵兆,而霍布斯首次提出一種對哲學沒有用的哲學,卻聲稱出自常識。馬克思試圖把這個傳統顛倒過來。因為馬克思的翻轉,這個傳統真正走到盡頭了。
  政治哲學,如同所有哲學分支,不能否認它源自於「對事物實然的驚奇」。雖然哲學家還是必然與人類事務的日常生活有疏離,但如果要成就真正的政治哲學,就必須將造成整個人類事務領域之人的複數性,包括它的偉大和悲慘,變成驚奇投射的對象。以聖經的話來說,哲學家必須接受奇蹟,神創造的不是大寫單數的人,而是「祂創造了男男女女」。
作者:漢娜・鄂蘭
1906年出身於德國的猶太哲學家,是存在主義哲學家海德格與雅斯培的學生,在納粹統治時移居美國,一生關注猶太民族的命運,積極支持猶太復國主義運動,拯救猶太文化。鄂蘭著作豐富,當中《極權主義的起源》奠定了她政治哲學家地位,並一度成為左右美國學術潮流之思想家,是近代重要的女性哲學家之一。在鄂蘭眾多重要著作中,包括了《極權主義的起源》、《人的條件》、《在過去和未來之間》、《平凡的邪惡》、《論革命》、《共和危機》、《心智生命》、《黑暗時代群像》等。

如果你真是哲學大師,你怎麼同時又是希特勒的細胞(抓耙)?
社會學家韋伯的太太,曾經出示一封信的影本,作為指控海德格的證據,
韋伯的遺孀說:曾任納粹時期佛萊堡大學校長的存在主義大師海德格曾是希特勒的 【細胞】,韋伯大師的賢妻,把這封告密信給漢娜鄂蘭的博士指導教授, 雅斯培看. 雅斯培不齒其人,但是雅斯培的女弟子,傑出的漢娜,卻終身為了情人老師海德格辯護.
大太陽,冬暖,開車去世新大學看【漢娜鄂蘭】,性別中心請了輔大法;律系主任,吳志光教授來演講.
吳教授是留學漢堡大學,專攻國際公法,但是顯然,他也是文青的底,演講中大談義大利已故國寶導演,費里尼
吳志光教授也影印了台灣有出版的【女哲學家和她的情人】兩篇導讀給我們,而這兩篇分別是耶魯大學的孫康宜教授和同樣耶魯中文系講師,康正果寫的.
康正果那篇尤其麻辣.上述韋伯夫人指控海德格是抓耙,就是出自康老師的導讀的序



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Coupon-savvy student a boon for charitiesEBOOK

Tufts student Hannah Steinberg surrounded by the coupons she collects to buy goods to donate to charity.
JOHN TLUMACKI/GLOBE STAFF
Tufts student Hannah Steinberg surrounded by the coupons she collects to buy goods to donate to charity.
Before Hannah Steinberg had a day named in her honor and was recognized by a US senator, the Tufts junior was just another high school student watching reality television.
On that day about four years ago, Steinberg’s show of choice was “Extreme Couponing,” the cable program that follows discount-obsessed shopaholics who go to supreme lengths to buy ultra-cheap items regardless of whether they need them.
But as she watched the show’s stars proudly hoard their deeply discounted prizes, Steinberg said she had a thought: What if she could coupon with a conscience?
These days, the 20-year-old Steinberg has a registered charity that has donated more than $100,000 worth ofhousehold items, canned goods, and electronics to homeless shelters and hospitals by using the couponing tricks she observed on the show.
“This has become something so much bigger than I would’ve imagined, for me and for the families,” Steinberg said. “What I’m doing is very simple.”
Simple for those in the know.
Stores, private couponing companies, and online marketplaces frequently offer discounts on the same items in any given store, which savvy shoppers can combine, Steinberg said.
What “Extreme Couponers” do is meticulously keep track of who is offering which discounts, and then buy in bulk to maximize each dollar saved.
Steinberg uses the example of a chocolate bar priced at $1.19.
If she finds a buy one, get one free coupon, and pairs it with a buy two, get one free coupon and a $4 off any $10 purchase discount, Steinberg said she can purchase 30 chocolate bars for only $6.
To fund her purchases, Steinberg solicits donations to Our Coupons Care, her federally recognized nonprofit charity. By mixing that money with her coupon magic,
Steinberg said she can make “every dollar count for four to five dollars.”
Steinberg, a native of Scarsdale, N.Y. who is majoring in psychology and child development at Tufts, said she has been amazed by all the support she has received.
“There are people who’ve done much bigger things,” Steinberg said.
‘What I’m doing is very simple.’
Hannah Steinberg, referring to her coupon strategy 
Quote Icon
Her mother was less modest.
“I’m very proud,” said Ruth Steinberg, a New York City-based financial adviser. “It’s amazing, and she’s stuck with it for a long time.”
Our Coupons Care has been recognized by three elected officials from New York, US Senator Kirsten Gillibrand and US Representatives Eliot L. Engel and Nita M. Lowey.
On June 28, 2012, the county board in Steinberg’s hometown proclaimed it Hannah Steinberg Day throughout the region.
JOHN TLUMACKI/GLOBE STAFF
Steinberg has been juggling her schedule at Tufts University with the coupon program.
Steinberg said she was embarrassed by the hoopla surrounding that day, but her mother had to continually encourage her to bask in the attention.
“I’ve gotten so much more than I have been able to give,” she said.
Ivan Smith, a youth coordinator at Coachman Family Center in White Plains N.Y., said he believes Steinberg’s estimate of how much she has donated is too modest, and that she has given nearly $100,000 worth of items to his shelter alone.
Smith has advised Steinberg since she was in high school, and helps her identify needs of the shelter, which houses about 175 children.
He said Steinberg’s donations have made a “significant” impact on the lives of the shelter’s families.
“She’s always apologetic because she wants to do more,” Smith said. “ And she doesn’t want any recognition of it.”
Since coming to Medford for college, Steinberg has juggled her time-intensive coupon project with the trials of collegiate life.
Even so, Steinberg has also donated a toiletries and household items to Boston Children’s Hospital and has led a student group at Tufts through a $4,000 donation project.
At school, Steinberg said her friends help her stay atop of the discount world, even as she grinds out 20-page papers and crams for finals.
Sara Taxman, a friend and a self-proclaimed “big Hannah fan,” called Steinberg the positive Energizer bunny.”
“She’s just spreading her intellect and her positivity everywhere,” Taxman, a senior at Tufts, said over the telephone. “She doesn’t stop.”
Steinberg said she tries to organize a donation drive at least once a month. She laughs at her high school efforts, when a 20 percent discount made her ecstatic.
Now, Steinberg saves far more through her socially conscious version of television’s “Extreme Couponing.”
As of now, no reality show is in the works.
Astead W. Herndon can be reached at astead.herndon
@globe.com
. Follow him on Twitter @AsteadWH

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