烏鴉的屍體生態學研究:將損失轉化為知識,並將知識轉化為生存之道。。胡適詩裏那隻不討人喜的烏鴉:老鴉/胡適 一 我大清早起, 站在人家屋角上啞啞的啼。 人家討嫌我,說我不吉利; 我不能呢呢喃喃討人家的歡喜! 二 天寒風緊,無枝可棲。 我整日裡飛去飛回,整日裡又寒又饑。 我不能帶著鞘兒,翁翁央央的替人家飛; 不能叫人家繫在竹竿頭,賺一把黃小米!。張繼高 (吳心柳) 引胡適之。
007.老鴉/胡適
一
我大清早起,
站在人家屋角上啞啞的啼。
人家討嫌我,說我不吉利;
我不能呢呢喃喃討人家的歡喜!
二
天寒風緊,無枝可棲。
我整日裡飛去飛回,整日裡又寒又饑。
我不能帶著鞘兒,翁翁央央的替人家飛;
不能叫人家繫在竹竿頭,賺一把黃小米!
-
#詩三百#新詩三百首#胡適#老鴉
林懷民『懷念張繼高先生』兩次提到張繼高先生提到胡適之先生 (登《民生日報》1995.7.3 收入《樂府春秋》1995 頁389-95) 張繼高 (吳心柳)《樂府春秋》《從精緻到完美》《必須贏的人》『精緻的年代』Pianissimo要做大...
1974年瑪莎·葛蘭姆 初次來台公演. 她點名要林先生擔任即席口譯.
……..臨開講前,張先生在後台抓住我的手,慎重其事的說 : 「杜威到中國,是胡適之翻譯的;泰戈爾到中國,徐志摩翻譯。今天葛蘭姆到中國,由你翻譯,你一定要做好。」
…….張先生搖頭說,跟這類「炮兵上校」似的人,有理說不清,然後嘲諷自己是胡適詩裏那隻不討人喜的烏鴉。
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馬丁巴特勒-在美國。
·當一隻烏鴉發現另一隻烏鴉的屍體時,它不會就此飛走。它會發出響亮的叫聲。幾分鐘之內,其他烏鴉便會聚集過來,樹木和屋頂上充斥著刺耳的警告聲。在人類觀察者看來,這就像一場葬禮。但一項新的研究表明,其中蘊含著更為深遠的策略。
行為生態學家凱莉·斯威夫特博士研究了這些聚集行為,發現它們的作用類似於生存簡報。當烏鴉遇到同類的屍體時,它們會利用這個機會評估危險。它們會環顧四周,仔細觀察,並從中學習。如果屍體附近有人,烏鴉會迅速地將這個人與威脅連結起來。在對照實驗中,即使沒有死烏鴉在場,鳥類之後也會對同一個人表現出攻擊性。這種經驗會在群體中傳播,使更大的群體能夠避開特定的捕食者和危險地點。這樣,一次死亡就成為了增強群體實力的訊息。
這些遭遇並非總是被動的。在約40%的觀察案例中,烏鴉會與屍體進行肢體互動。有些烏鴉會啄食屍體,有些則會表現出攻擊行為。在極少數情況下,甚至會出現求偶行為,雖然令人不安,但其他一些高智商的社會性動物,例如海豚和大象,也曾經有過類似的記錄。科學家認為,這些行為可能屬於探索和學習的範疇,而非人類意義上的儀式。
腦部研究為這現象增添了新的視角。當烏鴉看到陌生的屍體時,與推理和複雜決策相關的前額葉皮質活動會增強,而不是與處理原始情緒相關的杏仁核活動增強。這種模式表明,烏鴉更傾向於分析而非恐慌。研究人員仍在研究烏鴉是否會哀悼長期伴侶的離世,但對渡鴉的相關研究表明,烏鴉有情緒傳染的跡象,即一隻鳥會模仿另一隻鳥的情緒狀態。這暗示著烏鴉擁有比以往認為的更深層的社會意識。
看似哀悼的行為,實際上可能是智慧的體現——一個群體將損失轉化為知識,並將知識轉化為生存之道。
#烏鴉 #馬丁巴特勒
Martin Butler──在美國紐約。
When a crow finds the body of another crow, it doesn’t simply fly away. It calls out loudly. Within minutes, other crows gather, filling the trees and rooftops with harsh warning cries. To human observers, it can look like a funeral. But new research suggests something far more strategic is happening.
Behavioral ecologist Dr. Kaeli Swift has studied these gatherings and found they function as survival briefings. When crows encounter a dead member of their species, they use the moment to assess danger. They scan the area, watch carefully, and learn. If a human is present near the body, crows quickly associate that person with threat. In controlled experiments, birds later reacted aggressively to the same individual, even when no dead crow was present. The lesson spreads socially, allowing the wider group to avoid specific predators and risky locations. In this way, one death becomes information that strengthens the flock.
These encounters are not always passive. In roughly 40 percent of observed cases, crows physically interact with the body. Some peck at it. Others display aggressive behavior. In rare instances, there are even attempts at mating behaviors that, while unsettling, are also documented in other intelligent social animals such as dolphins and elephants. Scientists believe these actions may be part of investigation and learning rather than ritual in any human sense.
Brain studies add another layer to the story. When crows see a dead stranger, activity increases in the prefrontal cortex the region linked to reasoning and complex decision-making rather than in the amygdala, which processes raw emotion. That pattern suggests analysis over panic. Researchers are still studying whether crows grieve long-term partners, but related research in ravens has shown signs of emotional contagion, where one bird mirrors the emotional state of another. That hints at a deeper social awareness than once assumed.
What looks like mourning may actually be intelligence at work a community turning loss into knowledge, and knowledge into survival.
#crows #martinbutler
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