2025年10月5日 星期日

約翰·羅傑斯·瑟爾（John Rogers Searle，1932—2025年9月17日），出生於美國科羅拉多州丹佛是美國哲學家。藝術家Ronald William Fordham Searle羅納德·塞爾 1920 – 2012



約翰·羅傑斯·瑟爾（英語：John Rogers Searle，1932年7月31日—2025年9月17日），出生於美國科羅拉多州丹佛是美國哲學家。曾任加州大學伯克利分校的哲學教授。他對語言哲學、心靈哲學、社會本體論、形上學和理智等問題的探討作出了重要的貢獻。此外他還討論了社會製造的現實和物理現實的特徵以及實踐推理。[1]

約翰·羅傑斯·瑟爾
出生1932年7月31日
時代當代哲學
地區西方哲學
學派分析哲學
主要領域
語言哲學，心智哲學，意向性，社會實在
著名思想
言語行為，中文屋
受影響於
簽名

約翰·羅傑斯·瑟爾（英語：John Rogers Searle，1932年7月31日—2025年9月17日），出生於美國科羅拉多州丹佛是美國哲學家。曾任加州大學伯克利分校的哲學教授。他對語言哲學、心靈哲學、社會本體論、形上學和理智等問題的探討作出了重要的貢獻。此外他還討論了社會製造的現實和物理現實的特徵以及實踐推理。[1]

約翰·瑟爾 (2002年)




In the Jungle – Self Portrait, Konyu, Thailand Jungle, July 1943

英國平面藝術家，出生於劍橋，1936-1939 年就讀劍橋藝術學院。第二次世界大戰後（他大部分時間都在日本戰俘營度過），他定居倫敦，並以《四十幅畫》（1946 年）而聞名，這是他被俘期間的記錄。然而，他以漫畫家和幽默插畫家的身份成名；尤其是他創作的聖特里尼安學校的惡魔女學生（她們首次以書籍形式出現在《聖特里尼安萬歲！1948 年》中）使他成為英國家喻戶曉的名字。聖特里尼安學校的人物通常將嘲諷的恐怖和怪誕的扭曲與活潑的幽默融為一體。這個想法催生了一系列受歡迎的電影，即使在 Searle 停止繪製女孩之後很長一段時間，這些電影仍讓這個概念流傳至今；最新一部於 2007 年上映。他的作品在 20 世紀 50 年代被廣泛用於廣告，並變得家喻戶曉，以至於這十年在英國被稱為“塞爾十年”。對於在那個時代長大的任何人來說，他很可能是第一個被知道名字的藝術家。 1960 年，塞爾定居法國，據說是為了逃避聖特里尼安學院帶來的惡名。 1973 年，巴黎國家圖書館舉辦了他的大型作品展；他是第一位獲此殊榮的在世外國藝術家。塞爾也是一位畫家、蝕刻師和平版印刷師，並參與過多部電影的設計，尤其是《飛行器裡的那些了不起的人》（1965 年）。




In the Jungle - Working on a Cutting. Rock Clearing after Blasting, 1943

羅納德·塞爾

羅納德·塞爾，藝術家，聖特里尼安教堂和聖卡斯塔德教堂的畫家，於12月30日去世，享年91歲。聖卡斯塔德教堂的奈傑爾·莫爾斯沃思寫道

2012年1月14日 | 摘自印刷版


藝術是為那些懦夫和膽小鬼準備的，他們的母親曾說過：「照顧好我親愛的小塞德里克，你知道他很脆弱，受不了被球砸到頭。」每當有人提到藝術，他們都會說：「天哪，米開朗基羅·萊納多，線條優美，真是太精妙了。這絕對是西方文明的巔峰。」等等。把我的莫爾斯沃斯油畫遞給我，我好畫出我的傑作。校長說：“天哪，美第奇的維納斯，哼哼，這幅栩栩如生的傑作讓我想起了年輕的菲利普斯夫人。”


莫爾斯沃思說，在鄉下，最美的藝術形式是來自聖特里尼安學校的羅納德·塞爾女孩，她身穿黑色吊帶束腰外衣，手持曲棍球棒，把另一個女孩打得落花流水，或者只是一個咯咯笑的老師。塞爾先生說，他以他的妹妹奧利佛為原型創作了她。她口袋裡有野草和一個空杜松子酒瓶，一袋有毒的毒藥，兩根炸藥，可能還有一頭河馬在欄桿上，而一個假扮老師的老太婆從窗戶向埃爾斯佩思看去，立刻把炸藥放了回去。或者，她會在磨床上磨一把大刀，後面的架子上放著女孩們可怕的頭顱，校長們會告訴驚訝的家長，這是瑞秋，我們的校長，哈哈哈。我們竭誠為您心愛的寶貝們服務，包括酒後狂歡、安息日、各種法語或拉丁語虛擬式，以及收費合理的棺材製作。


聖特里尼安教堂的可愛人物深受公眾喜愛，以至於塞爾先生說：「人們認為我只畫過這些，我厭倦了畫它們。」於是，他從1953年開始借鑒杰弗裡·威廉姆斯的文字，繪製聖卡斯塔德教堂最奇特的人物形象，例如：我的摯友皮森，他髮型像煙囪刷；福瑟靈頓-托馬斯，他捲髮，相信仙女；我的弟弟莫爾斯沃思，他渾身濕透，像一株雜草；校長格萊姆斯，別名蘇荷·薩米，面目猙獰無比。更不用說我了。莫爾斯沃斯勇敢而無情，一個高貴的男孩穿著黃色運動夾克，帽子斜戴，他是一位天才的藝術天才，眼鏡上閃爍著天才的光芒，他那張表情讓學校裡的每個老師都感到恐懼。塞爾先生也畫出了這個地方迷人的場景，即帶有逃生跑道的校長辦公室、帶有望遠鏡的各種凱恩一號、植物學中發現的 Glurk 和 Lesser Titwort、拉丁語 chiz chiz 中發現的多毛動名詞、在她房間裡吸煙的護士長，操場的一角，傾盆大雨

Mr Searle left skool at 15 cheers cheers. He was office boy for a solicitors but he could not stop drawing, even on leegal dokuments scratch scratch, is that a kartoon you have done my lad, yes it is a fantasy of the future Molesworth, wot a horrible thing I think you had better leave. Cambridge Art Skool and then in the war camooflaging pill-boxes as haystacks, how about sum more straw round the doorway, perhaps a dunghill outside, how artistick feel free.

A mistery voyage to Singapore then followed drawing all the way, but then come the Japs invading, Boom KABOOM!! ack-ack-ack-ack-ack, motorbikes roring by, urum-urum-urum-uraaaaaa, too late, into prison camp, still drawing. He staid four yeres there and was six stone when he left. A wunder he could smile agane after seeing men die all around him from cholera or torchure with bodes like sticks, but what he drew afterwards had a savvage melankoly underneath it as the art master sa, old majors with large noses and small handkerchiefs, dogs that are undoutedly plotting an evil dede, lugubrioos couples dancing hem-hem, criket bats and balls killing players at a single blo, a man catching music like flys in a jar, a child-hater selling balloons that carry the pathetik little weeds far away.

Yet in 1961 tired of drawing for Punch or roming America for Holiday magazine he zoomed across to France, where there were long thin men in berets long thin loaves of bred and many swurly balconys besides the usual sad dogs, maniack cats, mademoiselles with long eyelashes ahem who sa, how about a good time will you have a glas of Champagne. And he looking autour de lui sa Houp-la I am so happy here pore as a mouse in my attick in Paris and then on my hilltop in Provence, I will never return to boring old Blighty, but I will work for Le Monde and Le Figaro Littéraire, and also Life and the New Yorker. For I recall that for my first t.v. over there I was paid $1,000 a minit, super smashing good show. And he drew New York City as per ushual very tall and thin and inky humans with bodies still like sticks scowling among the skycrapers but also collossal painted butterflys flutering by, hullo clouds, hullo sun, and giant flowers of many coluours sprowting out of desks. And his Nature was v. grand and beattful red and blue while the spiky tarts and bisnessmen raced round not seing it or ruining it all.

And speking of Life, sa silently the long black undertaker in his tall black hat sitting by the grave, I do not think much of that as a titel for a magazine, why not Dethe, but Dethe where is thy sting, where Grave thy victory cry Molesworth (over the WHACK of the Kane), when everbode still kepe larffing at the world Mr Searle hav made.

Modern Classics reissue of Ronald Searle's St Trinian's drawings

For the Canadian politician, see Ron Searle.
Ronald Searle
Born 3 March 1920
Cambridge, England
Died 30 December 2011 (aged 91)[1]
Draguignan, Var, Provence, France
Nationality English
Field Illustration, cartoons
Modern Classics reissue of Ronald Searle's St Trinian's drawings

Ronald William Fordham Searle CBE, RDI (3 March 1920 – 30 December 2011)[2] survived the notorious Death Railway while a prisoner-of war of the Japanese in the Second World War to become a well known artist and satirical cartoonist.

He is perhaps best best remembered as the creator of St Trinian's School and for his collaboration with Geoffrey Willans on the Molesworth series.

Contents

Biography

Searle was born in Cambridge, England, where his father was a porter at Cambridge Railway Station. He started drawing at the age of five and left school at the age of 15. He trained at Cambridge College of Arts and Technology (now Anglia Ruskin University) for two years.

In April 1939, realizing that war was inevitable, he abandoned his art studies to enlist in the Royal Engineers. In January 1942, he was stationed in Singapore. After a month of fighting in Malaya, Singapore fell to the Japanese, and he was taken prisoner along with his cousin Tom Fordham Searle. He spent the rest of the war a prisoner, first in Changi Prison and then in the Kwai jungle, working on the Siam-Burma Death Railway. Searle contracted both beri-beri and malaria during his incarceration, which included numerous beatings, and his weight dropped to less than 40 kilograms. He was liberated in late 1945 with the final defeat of the Japanese.

He married the journalist Kaye Webb in 1947; they had twins, Kate and Johnny. In 1961, he moved to Paris, leaving his family and later marrying Monica Koenig, a painter, theatre and jewellery designer.[3] After 1975, Searle and his wife lived and worked in the mountains of Haute Provence.

Searle died on 30 December 2011, aged 91.

Early work as war artist

Although Searle published the first St Trinian's cartoon in the magazine Lilliput in 1941, his professional career really begins with his documentation of the brutal camp conditions of his period as a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese in World War II in a series of drawings that he hid under the mattresses of prisoners dying of cholera. Searle recalled, "I desperately wanted to put down what was happening, because I thought if by any chance there was a record, even if I died, someone might find it and know what went on." But Searle survived, along with approximately 300 of his drawings. Liberated late in 1945, Searle returned to England where he published several of the drawings in fellow prisoner Russell Braddon's The Naked Island. Another of Searle's fellow prisoners later recounted, "If you can imagine something that weighs six stone or so, is on the point of death and has no qualities of the human condition that aren’t revolting, calmly lying there with a pencil and a scrap of paper, drawing, you have some idea of the difference of temperament that this man had from the ordinary human being."[4]

Most of these drawings appear in his 1986 book, Ronald Searle: To the Kwai and Back, War Drawings 1939-1945.[5] In the book, Searle also wrote of his experiences as a prisoner, including the day he woke up to find a dead friend on either side of him, and a live snake underneath his head:

"You can’t have that sort of experience without it directing the rest of your life. I think that’s why I never really left my prison cell, because it gave me my measuring stick for the rest of my life... Basically all the people we loved and knew and grew up with simply became fertiliser for the nearest bamboo."

At least one of his drawings is on display at the Changi Museum and Chapel, Singapore, but the majority of his originals are in the permanent collection of the Imperial War Museum, London, along with the works of other POW artists. The best known of these are John Mennie, Jack Bridger Chalker, Philip Meninsky and Ashley George Old.

Magazines, books, and films

Searle produced an extraordinary volume of work during the 1950s, including drawings for Life, Holiday and Punch. His cartoons appeared in The New Yorker, the Sunday Express and the News Chronicle. He compiled more St Trinian's books, which were based on his sister's school and other girls' schools in Cambridge. He collaborated with Geoffrey Willans on the Molesworth books (Down With Skool!, 1953, and How to be Topp, 1954), and with Alex Atkinson on travel books. In addition to advertisements and posters, Searle drew the title backgrounds of the Sidney Gilliat and Frank Launder film The Happiest Days of Your Life.[6]

After moving to Paris in 1961, he worked more on reportage for Life and Holiday and less on cartoons. He also continued to work in a broad range of media and created books (including his well-known cat books), animated films and sculpture for commemorative medals, both for the French Mint and the British Art Medal Society.[7][8] Searle did a considerable amount of designing for the cinema, and in 1965, he completed the opening, intermission and closing credits for the comedy film Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines. In 1975, the full-length cartoon Dick Deadeye, or Duty Done was released. It is based on the character and songs from H.M.S. Pinafore.[9] Animated by a number of artists both British and French, it is considered by some to be his greatest achievement, although Searle himself detested the result.

Archives

In 2010, he gave about 2,200 of his works as permanent loans to Wilhelm Busch Museum Hannover (Germany), now renamed Deutsches Museum für Karikatur und Zeichenkunst. The ancient Summer palace of George 1st, this Museum holds Searle's archives.

Awards

Searle received much recognition for his work, especially in America, including the National Cartoonists Society's Advertising and Illustration Award in 1959 and 1965, the Reuben Award in 1960, their Illustration Award in 1980 and their Advertising Award in 1986 and 1987. Searle was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2004.[10] In 2007, he was decorated with one of France's highest awards, the Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, and in 2009, he received the German Order of Merit.

Influence

His work has had a great deal of influence, particularly on American cartoonists, including Pat Oliphant,[11] Matt Groening,[12] Hilary Knight,[13] and the animators of Disney's 101 Dalmatians.[14] In 2005, he was the subject of a BBC documentary on his life and work by Russell Davies.[citation needed]

He was an early influence on John Lennon's drawing style which featured in the books In His Own Write and A Spaniard in the Works.[15]

Bibliography

St Trinian's

  • Hurrah For St Trinians, 1948
  • The Female Approach: The Belles of St. Trinian's and Other Cartoons, 1950
  • Back To The Slaughterhouse, and Other Ugly Moments, 1951
  • The Terror of St Trinian's, or Angela's Prince Charming, 1952 (with Timothy Shy (D. B. Wyndham-Lewis))
  • Souls in Torment, 1953 (preface by Cecil Day-Lewis)
  • The St Trinian's Story, 1959 (with Kaye Webb)
  • St Trinian's: The Cartoons, 2007
  • St. Trinian's: The Entire Appalling Business, 2008

Molesworth

  • Down With Skool!: A Guide to School Life for Tiny Pupils and Their Parents, 1953 (with Geoffrey Willans)
  • How to be Topp: A Guide to Sukcess for Tiny Pupils, Including All There is to Kno About Space, 1954 (with Geoffrey Willans)
  • Whizz for Atomms: A Guide to Survival in the 20th Century for Fellow Pupils, their Doting Maters, Pompous Paters and Any Others who are Interested, 1956 (with Geoffrey Willans) Published in the U.S. as Molesworth's Guide to the Atommic Age
  • Back in the Jug Agane, 1959 (with Geoffrey Willans)
  • The Compleet Molesworth, 1958 (collection) Molesworth (1999 Penguin reprint)

Other works

  • White Coolie, 1947 (with Ronald Hastain)
  • This England 1946-1949, 1949 (edited by Audrey Hilton)
  • The Stolen Journey, 1950 (with Oliver Philpot)
  • An Irishman's Diary, 1950 (with Patrick Campbell)
  • Dear Life, 1950 (with H. E. Bates)
  • Paris Sketchbook, 1950 (with Kaye Webb)
  • A Sleep of Prisoners, 1951 (with Christopher Fry)
  • Life in Thin Slices, 1951 (with Patrick Campbell)
  • The Naked Island, 1952 (with Russell Braddon)
  • It Must be True, 1952 (with Denys Parsons)
  • London—So Help Me!, 1952 (with Winifred Ellis)
  • The Diverting History of John Gilpin, 1953 (after William Cowper)
  • Looking at London and People Worth Meeting, 1953 (with Kaye Webb)
  • The Dark is Light Enough, 1954 (with Christopher Fry)
  • Patrick Campbells Omnibus, 1954 (with Patrick Campbell)
  • The Journal Of Edwin Carp, 1954 (edited by Richard Haydn)
  • Modern Types, 1955 (with Geoffrey Gorer)
  • The Rake's Progress, 1955
  • Merry England, Etc, 1956
  • Anglo-Saxon Attitudes, 1956 (with Angus Wilson)
  • The Big City or the New Mayhew , 1958 (with Alex Atkinson)
  • The Dog's Ear Book, 1958 (with Geoffrey Willans)
  • USA for Beginners, 1959 (with Alex Atkinson)
  • Anger of Achilles: Homer's Iliad, 1959 (translation by Robert Graves)
  • By Rocking Horse Across Russia, 1960 (with Alex Atkinson)
  • Penguin Ronald Searle, 1960
  • Refugees 1960, 1960 (with Kaye Webb)
  • Which Way Did He Go?, 1961
  • A Christmas Carol, 1961 (with Charles Dickens)
  • The 13 Clocks and the Wonderful O, 1962 (with James Thurber)
  • Searle In The Sixties, 1964
  • From Frozen North to Filthy Lucre, 1964
  • Haven't We Met Before Somewhere?, 1966
  • Searle's Cats, 1967
  • The Square Egg, 1968
  • Take One Toad, 1968
  • This Business of Bomfog, 1969 (with Madelaine Duke)
  • Monte Carlo Or Bust, 1969 (with E. W. Hildick)
  • Hello, where did all the people go?, 1969
  • The Second Coming of Toulouse-Lautrec, 1969
  • Secret Sketchbook, 1969
  • The Great Fur Opera: Annals of the Hudson's Bay Company 1670-1970, 1970 (with Kildare Dobbs)[16]
  • Scrooge, 1970 (with Elaine Donaldson)
  • Mr. Lock of St. James's Street, 1971 (with Frank Whitbourn)
  • The Addict, 1971
  • More Cats, 1975
  • Dick Dead Eye, 1975 (after Gilbert and Sullivan)
  • Paris! Paris!, 1977 (with Irwin Shaw)
  • Zodiac, 1977
  • Ronald Searle, 1978
  • The King of Beasts & Other Creatures, 1980
  • The Situation is Hopeless, 1980
  • Winning the Restaurant Game, 1980 (with Jay Jacobs)
  • Too Many Songs by Tom Lehrer With Not Enough Drawings by Ronald Searle, 1981
  • Ronald Searle's Big Fat Cat Book, 1982
  • The Illustrated Winespeak, 1983
  • Ronald Searle in Perspective, 1983
  • Ronald Searle's Golden Oldies 1941 - 1961, 1985
  • Something in the Cellar, 1986
  • To the Kwai and Back: War Drawings 1939-1945, 1986
  • Ronald Searle's Non-Sexist Dictionary, 1988
  • Ah Yes, I Remember It Well...: Paris 1961-1975, 1988
  • Slightly Foxed But Still Desirable: Ronald Searle's Wicked World of Book Collecting, 1989
  • Marquis De Sade Meets Goody Two-Shoes, 1994
  • The Tales of Grandpa Cat, 1994 (with Lee Wardlaw)
  • The Hatless Man, 1995 (with Sarah Kortum)
  • A French Affair : The Paris Beat, 1965-1998, 1999 (with Mary Blume)
  • Wicked Etiquette, 2000 (with Sarah Kortum)
  • Ronald Searle in Le Monde, 2001
  • Railway of Hell: A Japanese POW's Account of War, Capture and Forced Labour, 2002 (with Reginald Burton)
  • Searle's Cats, 2005 (New and Expanded Edition, all illustrations are new)
  • The Scrapbook Drawings", 2005
  • Cat O' Nine Tales: And Other Stories, 2006 (with Jeffrey Archer)
  • Beastly Feasts: A Mischievous Menagerie in Rhyme, 2007 (with Robert Forbes)
  • More Scraps & Watteau Revisited, 2008
  • Let's Have a Bite!: A Banquet of Beastly Rhymes, 2010 (with Robert Forbes)
  • What! Already?: Searle at 90, 2010
  • Les Très Riches Heures de Mrs Mole, 2011

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/03/us-britain-searle-idUSTRE8020CT20120103
  2. ^ Castle, Tim (3 January 2012). "UK artist, St Trinian's creator Searle dies aged 91". Reuters. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  3. ^ Monica Searle: The Art of the Necklace Artslant - New York – Retrieved 5 Jan 2012
  4. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/art-obituaries/8989894/Ronald-Searle.html
  5. ^ Bill Mauldin review of To the Kwai — And Back
  6. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/art-obituaries/8989894/Ronald-Searle.html
  7. ^ "Antonio Pisanello - 23rd FIDEM Congress Medal". Sculpture. Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007-09-01.
  8. ^ Medals created for the British Art Medal Society
  9. ^ "Dick Deadeye, or Duty Done (1975)", Time Out Film Guide, accessed 7 May 2009
  10. ^ http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/s/7531/Ronald+William.aspx
  11. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=e5OvrSJwPOUC&pg=PA26&dq=ronald+searle+pat+oliphant&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bwoDT-SDLo6S8gOr7vGuAQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
  12. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbrLnoXdaLg
  13. ^ http://articles.nydailynews.com/1999-05-23/entertainment/18102454_1_vincente-minnelli-absolutely-essential-eloise-hooray
  14. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HBgRAQAAMAAJ&q=101+dalmatians+ronald+searle&dq=101+dalmatians+ronald+searle&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VgwDT8Yuw6byA_yJhdgB&ved=0CEsQ6AEwAw
  15. ^ http://www.beatlesinterviews.org/db1968.0606.beatles.html
  16. ^ The Great Fur Opera illustrated for the Hudson's Bay Company

Further reading

External links

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