Selected works
[edit]Fiction
- 1959 – Los jefes (The Cubs and Other Stories, 1979)
- 1963 – La ciudad y los perros (The Time of the Hero, 1966)
- 1966 – La casa verde (The Green House, 1968)
- 1969 – Conversación en la catedral (Conversation in the Cathedral, 1975)
- 1973 – Pantaleón y las visitadoras (Captain Pantoja and the Special Service, 1978)
- 1977 – La tía Julia y el escribidor (Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, 1982)
- 1981 – La guerra del fin del mundo (The War of the End of the World, 1984)
- 1984 – Historia de Mayta (The Real Life of Alejandro Mayta, 1985)
- 1986 – ¿Quién mató a Palomino Molero? (Who Killed Palomino Molero?, 1987)
- 1987 – El hablador (The Storyteller, 1989)
- 1988 – Elogio de la madrastra (In Praise of the Stepmother, 1990)
- 1993 – Lituma en los Andes (Death in the Andes, 1996)
- 1997 – Los cuadernos de don Rigoberto (Notebooks of Don Rigoberto, 1998)
- 2000 – La fiesta del chivo (The Feast of the Goat, 2002)
- 2003 – El paraíso en la otra esquina (The Way to Paradise, 2003)
- 2006 – Travesuras de la niña mala (The Bad Girl, 2007)
- 2010 – El sueño del celta
[edit]Non-fiction
- 1971 – García Márquez: historia de un deicidio (García Márquez: Story of a Deicide)
- 1975 – La orgía perpetua: Flaubert y "Madame Bovary" (The Perpetual Orgy)
- 1990 – La verdad de las mentiras: ensayos sobre la novela moderna (A Writer's Reality)
- 1993 – El pez en el agua. Memorias (A Fish in the Water)
- 1996 – La utopía arcaica: José María Arguedas y las ficciones del indigenismo
- 1997 – Cartas a un joven novelista (Letters to a Young Novelist)
- 2001 – El lenguaje de la pasión (The Language of Passion)
- 2004 – La tentación de lo imposible (The Temptation of the Impossible)
- 2007 – El Pregón de Sevilla (as Introduction for LOS TOROS)
- 2009 – El Viaje a la Ficcion
[edit]Drama
- 1952 – La huida del inca
- 1981 – La señorita de Tacna
- 1983 - "Kathie y el hipopótamo"
Mario Vargas Llosa wins Nobel Literature Prize
Vargas Llosa is the first South American winner of the 10 million kronor prize since 1982Peruvian Mario Vargas Llosa, one of the most acclaimed writers in the Spanish-speaking world, has been awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in literature.
The Swedish Academy hailed "his cartography of structures of power" and "trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat."
The 74-year-old has written more than 30 novels, plays and essays.
He is the first South American winner of the prize since 1982 when it went to Colombian Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
In the previous six years, the academy awarded the 10 million kronor (£938,000) prize to five Europeans and one Turk, sparking criticism that it was too Euro-centric.
The Swedish Academy's Peter Englund said Vargas Llosa was "a divinely gifted story-teller," whose writing touched the reader.
Englund added that the writer was in New York - where he is currently teaching at Princeton University - and was told by telephone that he had won the prize.
"He was very, very happy and very moved," Englund said.
The writer's international breakthrough came with the 1960s novel The Time of The Hero which built on his experiences at the Peruvian military academy, Leoncio Prado.
The book was considered controversial in his homeland and 1,000 copies were burnt publicly by officers from the academy.
Born in the town of Arequipa, Vargas Llosa took Spanish nationality in 1993 - three years after an unsuccessful bid for the Peruvian presidency.
In 1995, he was awarded the Cervantes Prize, the Spanish-speaking world's most distinguished literary honour.
His best-known works include Conversation In The Cathedral, The War of the End of the World and The Feast of the Goat.
(Reuters) - Peruvian-born writer and one-time presidential candidate Mario Vargas Llosa, a chronicler of the struggle against authority in Latin America, won the 2010 Nobel prize for literature on Thursday.
The awarding committee said in a statement Vargas Llosa received the award "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt and defeat."
Vargas Llosa, who has both Spanish and Peruvian citizenship, made his international breakthrough with the novel "The Time of the Hero" in 1966. He is the first Latin American winner for literature since Mexico's Octavio Paz won in 1990.
His works build on his experiences of life in Peru in the late 1940s and the 1950s. Vargas Llosa ran for president of Peru in 1990 but lost to Alberto Fujimori, who ultimately had to flee the country and was subsequently convicted of various crimes.
Vargas Llosa was quoted on the website of Peruvian newspaper El Comercio as being taken aback by the news. "It was a big surprise. At first I thought it was a joke," the site quoted him as saying.
Peter Englund, permanent secretary of the Nobel committee, said he had telephoned Vargas Llosa, who was in the United States.
"He's actually having a two-month stint there in Princeton teaching, so I was sort of embarrassed for phoning him so early. But he had been up since 5 o'clock preparing a lecture for Princeton. He was elated. He was very, very moved."
Englund bubbled over in his praise of the writer, who will receive 10 million Swedish crowns ($1.50 million).
"He has a number of masterpieces in narration because essentially he's a narrator, he's a storyteller. My goodness, what a storyteller!"
PACKING A PUNCH
Englund characterized Vargas Llosa as one of the great authors in the Spanish-speaking world. "He is one of the persons behind the Latin-American literary boom of the '60s and '70s, and he has continued to work and expand."
Vargas Llosa is also at the center of one of the literary world's most famous feuds.
In 1976, Vargas Llosa punched his friend and fellow writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez in public.
The two ceased speaking to each other and for decades the reason behind the fight has been a mystery. A photographer who captured Garcia Marquez -- and his black eye -- wrote about the incident in 2007 and suggested it concerned Vargas Llosa's wife.
Vargas Llosa has been tipped for years to win the prize.
This year he was a 25-1 outsider, behind American novelist and favorite Cormac McCarthy and Kenyan writer Ngugi wa Thiong'o, according to British betting firm Ladbrokes.
"We're breathing an enormous sigh of relief. Yet again, the judges have confounded the punters and plucked a relative unknown contender out of the mix," Ladbrokes spokesman said David Williams said.
"We saw more money bet on the contest this year than in its entire history. We'll send a crate of champagne to the winner because he's helped us dodge a massive payout."
The author's works are strewn with figures of authority.
In "The Feast of the Goat," a 49-year-old woman returns to the Dominican Republic, haunted by memories of her childhood when the nation was led by brutal dictator Rafael Trujillo.
The story tells of her efforts to overcome a traumatic past:
"Were you right to come back? You'll be sorry, Urania... returning to the island you swore you'd never set foot on again...," he writes.
"To prove to yourself you can walk along the streets of this city that is no longer yours, travel through this foreign country and not have it provoke sadness, nostalgia, hatred, bitterness, rage in you."
This was the fourth of this year's Nobel prizes, following awards for medicine on Monday, physics on Tuesday and chemistry on Wednesday.
諾貝爾文學獎今（7）日公佈，由祕魯重量級作家略薩（Mario Vargas Llosa）奪得。 原本各界揣測，這次文學獎得主會讓人「耳目一新」，可能由非洲作家奪得，包括肯亞詹姆士恩古吉（Ngugi wa Thiong'o）及索馬利亞法拉（NuruddinFarah）都是熱門人選，不過最終獲獎名單揭曉，由現年74歲的南美祕魯作家略薩拿下殊榮。 略薩是秘魯重量級小說家，至今已發表超過30本著作。1962年以《城市與狗》（La ciudad y los perros）轟動文壇，該書因為大膽揭露社會現實，一度被祕魯當局查禁。之後略薩陸續發表的《青樓》（La casa verde）、《酒吧長談》（La Catedral y Carta de batalla por Tirant lo Blanc）等著作，都獲得文學界一致好評。 略薩的小說，向來以華麗的敘事手法、深入社會情感的探索著稱，有評論家讚許他為「結構現實主義大師」，也有人推崇略薩大膽揭露拉丁美洲現實、一針見血的筆鋒。
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＊尤薩的轉型正義
諾貝爾文學獎在頒給秘魯小說家尤薩（Mario Vargas Llosa）時，讚揚他「對權力結構的描繪，以及詮釋個人抗爭、反叛與挫折的鮮明意象」。他不僅用文字反映紛雜的拉美政局，真實人生更積極投身政治。除了曾參選總統，在政治傾向上歷經轉折外，他在秘魯的轉型正義幾個關鍵時刻，也扮演關鍵角色，並引發諸多議論。
尤薩在2009年初，帶頭與幾位知識分子在報上刊登聲明，抨擊秘魯政府不願接受外援，興建「記憶博物館」，並強調保存歷史紀錄對受害者與秘魯社會的重要性。在秘魯政府與游擊隊「光輝道路」（Shining Path）長達二十年的內戰中，超過七萬人喪生。有人倡議應該興建博物館來紀念受害者，德國也表示願意捐贈兩百萬美元支持。但包括總統賈西亞在內的政府官員認為這並非秘魯社會當下所需。
外界質疑這是二度當選總統的賈西亞（Alan García），擔心自己得為當年任內的軍方罪行負起歷史責任，而選擇抵制此計畫。聲明見報幾天後，總統與尤薩親自會面，政府態度丕變，宣布將接受捐款設立記憶博物館，並由尤薩領導籌備委員會。
儘管博物館尚未落成，尤薩卻突然在今年九月辭去委員會主席一職。導火線是一部特赦法草案。秘魯雖已由文人統治十多年，但軍方依然動見觀瞻。軍方對於近年來，許多前軍警人員面對司法追究過去罪行感到不滿。他們或盡力掩蓋資訊，或設法推動特赦。
九月初，總統府向國會送出草案，要求限制追訴人權侵害案件的時效，引發各界強烈抨擊。尤薩發表公開信，將這份國防部長介入甚深的草案斥為「變相的特赦法」，並憤而辭去籌委會主席一職。此信發表幾個小時後，總統府緊急宣布，他們將向國會撤回此案。尤薩得到外界的讚譽。
不過，對於在1983年安地斯山脈烏丘亞凱（Uchuraccay）地區八名遇害記者的家屬，或智利皮諾契政權的受害者來說，對尤薩可能有不同的評價。1983年內戰方酣，這些記者從首都出發，欲報導山區頻傳的人權侵害案件，但連同嚮導在內反遭殺害。尤薩受官方委託，領導調查委員會還原真相。結果認定兇手是當地村民，因誤認記者的相機是武器，在風聲鶴唳的內戰氣氛中，為求自衛而釀成悲劇。
但這份報告被許多專家批評為草率且膚淺，例如調查委員會飛抵當地後停留不到三小時，訪查有限，其中只有一名語言學家會講當地方言。而且行文中難掩對偏遠住民的刻板印象與偏見。雖然後來已有三位村民坦承犯案且被判刑，但在2009年的追悼會上，受害者家屬與「秘魯全國記者協會」仍要求重啟此案。他們認為當年調查過於草率，且後來出土的新證據與調查報告明顯矛盾，他們可能會將本案告上「美洲人權法院」(Inter-American Human Rights Court)。
尤薩另一個引發爭議的行為，是在今年初的智利總統選舉中，公開支持右派的皮涅拉。皮涅拉雖極力與皮諾契劃清界限，但他的支持者多為右翼，競選幹部中有獨裁者舊屬也是不爭的事實。為了爭取保守派的支持，他還曾反對繼續追究軍政府侵害人權的責任。
今年一月初，尤薩應智利政府之邀，出席「記憶與人權博物館」（Museum of Memory and Human Rights）的開幕典禮，這個博物館是為了紀念軍政府的受害者而成立。博物館推手巴切萊總統即曾是皮諾契政權的受害者。尤薩在此行表達了他對皮涅拉的支持，兩人也安排會面。尤薩認為：「智利需要換人做做看」。畢竟中左聯盟已在智利民主化後連續執政二十年之久。對獨裁政權的受害者來說，這樣的言論當然刺耳。他在典禮上的致詞招來台下噓聲，在兩國也都引發了保守反動與干預他國政治的批評。
相較於他的文學成就普獲世人肯定，尤薩在公共事務上的表現，顯然引發的是更複雜的討論與評價。
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