就值得大家更重視而尊敬技術的發展。
更別說國防科技了。
如果大家更仔細地看
像美國南北戰爭（如與狼共舞）
讀南丁格爾的故事（克里米亞戰爭）、
一戰的故事（像真愛一世情、西線無戰事等等）、
再到二戰、越戰。。。
就值得大家更重視而尊敬技術的發展。
更別說國防科技了。
如果大家更仔細地看
像美國南北戰爭（如與狼共舞）
讀南丁格爾的故事（克里米亞戰爭）、
一戰的故事（像真愛一世情、西線無戰事等等）、
再到二戰、越戰。。。
Mairi Chisholm 
Born Mairi Lambert Gooden Chisholm
26 February 1896
Datchet, England Died 22 August 1981 (aged 85)
Perth, Scotland Years active 1914–1918 Medical career Profession Nurse Awards - Order of Léopold II (1915)
- Queen Elisabeth Medal (1915)
- Military Medal (1917)
- 1914 Star (1917)
- Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1918)
Mairi Lambert Gooden Chisholm, of Chisholm, MM, OStJ (26 February 1896 – 22 August 1981) was a Scottish nurse and ambulance driver in the First World War. She, together with her friend Elsie Knocker, won numerous medals for bravery and for saving the lives of thousands of soldiers on the Western Front in Belgium. Dubbed "The Madonnas of Pervyse" by the press[1][2] the two were among the most photographed women of the war.[3]
Mairi Chisholm | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Mairi Lambert Gooden Chisholm 26 February 1896 Datchet, England |
| Died | 22 August 1981 (aged 85) Perth, Scotland |
| Years active | 1914–1918 |
| Medical career | |
| Profession | Nurse |
| Awards |
|
Mairi Lambert Gooden Chisholm, of Chisholm, MM, OStJ (26 February 1896 – 22 August 1981) was a Scottish nurse and ambulance driver in the First World War. She, together with her friend Elsie Knocker, won numerous medals for bravery and for saving the lives of thousands of soldiers on the Western Front in Belgium. Dubbed "The Madonnas of Pervyse" by the press[1][2] the two were among the most photographed women of the war.[3]
Early life
This section needs more citations. (December 2022)
Chisholm was born on 26 February 1896 in Buckinghamshire [4] to Captain Roderick Gooden-Chisholm, Chief of Clan Chisholm, and Margaret Fraser. Her family was independently wealthy and owned a plantation in Trinidad. As a teen, she witnessed her older brother, Uailean, who owned a Royal Enfield 425cc motorcycle, competing at rallies and at the Bournemouth speed trials. Around this time, and against his wife's wishes, her father bought her a Douglas motorbike. Chisholm spent hours in the family stables stripping down the bikes and repairing them. She was just 18 years old when, while roaring round the Hampshire and Dorset lanes, she met thirty-year-old Elsie Knocker, a divorcee and mother of a young son. They became fast friends and soon began competing in motorcycle and sidecar trials together.
 | This section needs more citations. (December 2022) |
Chisholm was born on 26 February 1896 in Buckinghamshire [4] to Captain Roderick Gooden-Chisholm, Chief of Clan Chisholm, and Margaret Fraser. Her family was independently wealthy and owned a plantation in Trinidad. As a teen, she witnessed her older brother, Uailean, who owned a Royal Enfield 425cc motorcycle, competing at rallies and at the Bournemouth speed trials. Around this time, and against his wife's wishes, her father bought her a Douglas motorbike. Chisholm spent hours in the family stables stripping down the bikes and repairing them. She was just 18 years old when, while roaring round the Hampshire and Dorset lanes, she met thirty-year-old Elsie Knocker, a divorcee and mother of a young son. They became fast friends and soon began competing in motorcycle and sidecar trials together.
World War I
When war was declared in 1914, Knocker wrote to Chisholm that there was "work to be done",[5] and suggested they go to London to become dispatch riders for the Women's Emergency Corps.[6]
Chisholm rode her motorbike all the way from Dorset to the capital. It was while acting as a courier in this way that she was spotted making hairpin corners in the city by Dr Hector Munro. Munro was setting up a Flying Ambulance Corps to help the Belgians who had been caught unawares by the German invasion and invited her to join his team, as she describes in a June 1976 interview: "[Munro] was deeply impressed with my ability to ride through the traffic. He traced me to the Women's Emergency Corps and... said, 'Would you like to go out to Flanders' and I said 'Yes, I'd love to'."[7]
Both she and Knocker ended up in Belgium as part of the corps which included Lady Dorothie Feilding and May Sinclair. Initially quartered at Ghent, the unit relocated to Veurne at the end of October where the women worked tirelessly, picking up wounded soldiers mid-way from the front and transporting them back to their field hospital at the rear. After the beds ran out, the wounded were laid on the floor or propped up against the wall. As the dead piled up, the two nurses were told to remove them to the mortuary. Chisholm wrote in her diary: "No one can understand ... unless one has seen the rows of dead men laid out. One sees men with their jaws blown off, arms and legs mutilated."[8]
Chisholm and Knocker soon came to the conclusion that they could save more lives by treating the wounded directly on the front lines. In November, they decided to leave the corps and set up their own dressing station five miles east in a town named Pervijze, north of Ypres, just one hundred yards from the trenches. Here, in a vacant cellar which they named "Poste de Secours Anglais" ("British First Aid Post"), the two would spend the next three and a half years tending to the wounded. No longer affiliated with the Belgian Red Cross, they began acting completely as free agents and had to support their work by raising their own funds. Through sheer perseverance Knocker was able to arrange for the two of them to be officially seconded to the Belgian garrison stationed there. In January 1915, they were both decorated by King Albert I of Belgium with the Order of Léopold II, Knights Cross (with palm)[5] for their courageous work on the front lines.
They were also awarded the British Military Medal and both made Officers of the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem.[5] Chisholm was also decorated with the Queen Elisabeth Medal of Belgium and the British campaign medals, including the 1914 Star.
In 1916, Chisholm became engaged to a Royal Naval Air pilot named Jack Petrie, who died a year later during flying practice. In 1918, both women were badly affected by a massive bombing raid and gas attacks on their makeshift field hospital. Chisholm recovered enough to return to the front, before being forced to abandon her post just months before the end of the war. She returned to Britain, where both she and Knocker saw out the rest of the war as members of the newly formed Women's Royal Air Force.[9]
When war was declared in 1914, Knocker wrote to Chisholm that there was "work to be done",[5] and suggested they go to London to become dispatch riders for the Women's Emergency Corps.[6]
Chisholm rode her motorbike all the way from Dorset to the capital. It was while acting as a courier in this way that she was spotted making hairpin corners in the city by Dr Hector Munro. Munro was setting up a Flying Ambulance Corps to help the Belgians who had been caught unawares by the German invasion and invited her to join his team, as she describes in a June 1976 interview: "[Munro] was deeply impressed with my ability to ride through the traffic. He traced me to the Women's Emergency Corps and... said, 'Would you like to go out to Flanders' and I said 'Yes, I'd love to'."[7]
Both she and Knocker ended up in Belgium as part of the corps which included Lady Dorothie Feilding and May Sinclair. Initially quartered at Ghent, the unit relocated to Veurne at the end of October where the women worked tirelessly, picking up wounded soldiers mid-way from the front and transporting them back to their field hospital at the rear. After the beds ran out, the wounded were laid on the floor or propped up against the wall. As the dead piled up, the two nurses were told to remove them to the mortuary. Chisholm wrote in her diary: "No one can understand ... unless one has seen the rows of dead men laid out. One sees men with their jaws blown off, arms and legs mutilated."[8]
Chisholm and Knocker soon came to the conclusion that they could save more lives by treating the wounded directly on the front lines. In November, they decided to leave the corps and set up their own dressing station five miles east in a town named Pervijze, north of Ypres, just one hundred yards from the trenches. Here, in a vacant cellar which they named "Poste de Secours Anglais" ("British First Aid Post"), the two would spend the next three and a half years tending to the wounded. No longer affiliated with the Belgian Red Cross, they began acting completely as free agents and had to support their work by raising their own funds. Through sheer perseverance Knocker was able to arrange for the two of them to be officially seconded to the Belgian garrison stationed there. In January 1915, they were both decorated by King Albert I of Belgium with the Order of Léopold II, Knights Cross (with palm)[5] for their courageous work on the front lines.
They were also awarded the British Military Medal and both made Officers of the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem.[5] Chisholm was also decorated with the Queen Elisabeth Medal of Belgium and the British campaign medals, including the 1914 Star.
In 1916, Chisholm became engaged to a Royal Naval Air pilot named Jack Petrie, who died a year later during flying practice. In 1918, both women were badly affected by a massive bombing raid and gas attacks on their makeshift field hospital. Chisholm recovered enough to return to the front, before being forced to abandon her post just months before the end of the war. She returned to Britain, where both she and Knocker saw out the rest of the war as members of the newly formed Women's Royal Air Force.[9]
Post-war years
Following the end of the war, the two nurses continued to be feted by the public and the press. Eventually they went their separate ways when Chisholm learned the truth about Knocker's divorce from her first husband; since Edwardian English society frowned upon divorce, Knocker had previously maintained the fiction that she was a widow. The two barely spoke again. The war had taken its toll on Chisholm's health. She had been poisoned, contracted septicaemia, and had a weak heart.She did, however, continue to live her life at a fast pace. After her brief stint in the WRAF, she took up motor racing. On one occasion, she was scheduled to take part in a race at Brooklands but had to withdraw because of a fainting episode the evening before.
She did, however, continue to live her life at a fast pace. After her brief stint in the WRAF, she took up motor racing. On one occasion, she was scheduled to take part in a race at Brooklands but had to withdraw because of a fainting episode the evening before.
Final years of and death
Partly on doctors' advice, Chisholm returned to Nairn, where, it was hoped, she would lead a quieter life. There she became a successful poultry breeder with her childhood friend, May Davidson on the Davidson's family estate. In the 1930s they relocated their business to Jersey.[10]
Her final move was to Cnoc an Fhurain, Rhugarbh, Barcaldine, Argyll, where she, May, "Bird" Partridge and "John" Johnstone, ran a poultry farm for decades. In her later years she spent much time corresponding with The Clan Chisholm Society,[10] which she established in 1972.[11]
Mairi Chisholm died on 22 August 1981 of lung cancer, aged 85, in Perth Hospital.[12]
Partly on doctors' advice, Chisholm returned to Nairn, where, it was hoped, she would lead a quieter life. There she became a successful poultry breeder with her childhood friend, May Davidson on the Davidson's family estate. In the 1930s they relocated their business to Jersey.[10]
Her final move was to Cnoc an Fhurain, Rhugarbh, Barcaldine, Argyll, where she, May, "Bird" Partridge and "John" Johnstone, ran a poultry farm for decades. In her later years she spent much time corresponding with The Clan Chisholm Society,[10] which she established in 1972.[11]
Mairi Chisholm died on 22 August 1981 of lung cancer, aged 85, in Perth Hospital.[12]
Awards and decorations
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Papers and archives
National Library of Scotland holds five volumes of papers and photographs that belonged to Chisholm. The photographs are a valued source of information as they give a candid portrayal of the wartime experiences of Chisholm and Knocker in contrast to the official photos of the period, which tend to avoid scenes that might challenge the 'official' account of the war.[17]
The Imperial War Museum holds Chisholm's diaries along with recordings and transcripts of interviews.[17]
National Library of Scotland holds five volumes of papers and photographs that belonged to Chisholm. The photographs are a valued source of information as they give a candid portrayal of the wartime experiences of Chisholm and Knocker in contrast to the official photos of the period, which tend to avoid scenes that might challenge the 'official' account of the war.[17]
The Imperial War Museum holds Chisholm's diaries along with recordings and transcripts of interviews.[17]
Memorials
In November 2014 a statue of Chisholm and Elsie Knocker was unveiled in the garden of the Hotel Ariane in Ypres, Belgium.[18]
In November 2014 a statue of Chisholm and Elsie Knocker was unveiled in the garden of the Hotel Ariane in Ypres, Belgium.[18]
Gallery
Knocker and Chisholm in their converted Wolseley Ambulance, Pervyse, Belgium, c. 1916
Knocker and Chisholm pose in the ruins of a church in Pervyse, Belgium for "Illustrated War News", 22 April 1917
Chisholm and Knocker wearing their Tommy helmets. Pervyse, Belgium, c. 1917
Chisholm and Knocker display their Order of Léopold II, medals. On their headscarves is the insignia of the Belgian Army's 3rd Division, c. 1918
Knocker and Chisholm on the cover of "Home Chat" magazine, 11 April 1918
Knocker and Chisholm outside their advanced dressing station, Pervyse, Belgium, c. 1918
- Knocker and Chisholm in their converted Wolseley Ambulance, Pervyse, Belgium, c. 1916
- Knocker and Chisholm pose in the ruins of a church in Pervyse, Belgium for "Illustrated War News", 22 April 1917
- Chisholm and Knocker wearing their Tommy helmets. Pervyse, Belgium, c. 1917
- Chisholm and Knocker display their Order of Léopold II, medals. On their headscarves is the insignia of the Belgian Army's 3rd Division, c. 1918
- Knocker and Chisholm on the cover of "Home Chat" magazine, 11 April 1918
- Knocker and Chisholm outside their advanced dressing station, Pervyse, Belgium, c. 1918
See also
Bibliography
- Atkinson, Diane. Elsie and Mairi Go to War: Two Extraordinary Women on the Western Front. Cornerstone. (2009)
- Hallam, Andrew & Nicola. Lady Under Fire on the Western Front: The Great War Letters of Lady Dorothie Feilding MM. Pen & Sword Military. (2010)
- Mitton, Geraldine Edith, T'Serclaes, Baroness Elsie de, Chisholm, Mairi. The Cellar-House of Pervyse : A Tale of Uncommon Things from the Journals and Letters of the Baroness T'Serclaes and Mairi Chisholm. A.C. Black. (1917)
- Atkinson, Diane. Elsie and Mairi Go to War: Two Extraordinary Women on the Western Front. Cornerstone. (2009)
- Hallam, Andrew & Nicola. Lady Under Fire on the Western Front: The Great War Letters of Lady Dorothie Feilding MM. Pen & Sword Military. (2010)
- Mitton, Geraldine Edith, T'Serclaes, Baroness Elsie de, Chisholm, Mairi. The Cellar-House of Pervyse : A Tale of Uncommon Things from the Journals and Letters of the Baroness T'Serclaes and Mairi Chisholm. A.C. Black. (1917)
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珠璣集
作者：黃文範, 出版社：大孚出版社 , 出版日期：1993-01-01/1973?珠璣語 台北:雅爾 1976
2004
本書收錄作者從事翻譯工作五十多年以來譯作及論述之自序，包括翻譯理論類序3篇、文學類譯序21篇、傳記類譯序13篇、歷史類譯序19篇、勵志類譯序8 篇、著作類序5篇，翻譯作品在文學類部分除小婦人與小王子外，餘為俄國與德國作家作品，傳記與歷史類則較偏重美國，各序文皆備述譯書、動機、感想、翻譯技 巧、實驗等內容。
黃文範，本名黃文範。
陸 軍官校十九期砲科，陸軍參謀大學十六期，美國砲校尉官班四十一期，美國防學校高級班四期畢業。曾任排、連、營長、教官、亞洲航空公司技術出版組課長，中央 日報編譯編撰，中央日報副刊組副組長，中文版美國新聞與世界報導副總編輯，警政署《現代民防》主編，太平洋文化基金會主任秘書，曾獲國軍文藝競賽散文獎 （四十五年）、中國文藝協會二十七屆文學翻譯獎（七十五年）、台灣省文藝作家協會中興散文獎（八十年）。
五十餘年中，先以譯述專科學術書籍，後即專心英譯 中之翻譯，取材以歷史、文學及傳記三大類，自四十一年起至九十二年，已譯書八十餘種，字數達二千三百萬字，堪稱中國翻譯史上之最高紀錄。
(資料來源:國家圖書館當代文學史料系統)
| |||
| 湖南長沙人，1925年生。陸軍官校、陸軍參 大、美國砲校、美國防校畢業。歷任《中央日報》編譯、編撰、副刊組組長，《現代民防》主編，《美國新聞與世界報導》中文版副總編輯，太平洋文化基金會主任 秘書。曾獲國軍文藝競賽散文獎、台灣省文藝作家協會中興文藝散文獎。著有《領養一株雲衫》等書； 黃文範擅長譯書，作品有七十多本，包括：《古拉格群島》、 《戰爭與和平》、《西線無戰事》、《里斯本之夜》、《小王子》、《巴頓將軍傳》……等等，內容涵蓋了小說、散文、歷史、傳記。曾獲中國文藝協會文學翻譯 獎，為留下多年心血結晶，著有《翻譯新語》及《翻譯偶語》，為後進晚輩指點翻譯之路。 |
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