Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879),Sir Francis Drake (1540-96)

歐仁·埃馬紐埃爾·維奧萊-勒-杜克（Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc，1814年1月27日－1879年9月17日）為法國建築師與理論家，最有名的成就為修護中世紀建築。法國歌特復興建築（Gothic Revival）的中心人物，並啟發了現代建築。出生於巴黎；在瑞士洛桑過世。
ウジェーヌ・エマニュエル・ヴィオレ・ル・デュク（Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc 1814-1879年）は、19世紀フランスの建築家、建築理論家。中世建築の修復、及びゴシック建築の構造合理主義的解釈で知られる。

• 鈴木博之『建築の世紀末』、東京：晶文社、1977年。
• ヴィオレ・ル・デュク『建築講話』、飯田喜四郎訳、東京：中央公論美術出版、1986年。
• ペウズナー、ニコラウス『ラスキンとヴィオレ・ル・デュク』、鈴木博之訳、東京：中央公論美術出版、1990年。
• 羽生修二『ヴィオレ・ル・デュク[歴史再生のラショナリスト]』、東京：鹿島出版会、1992年。
• 西田雅嗣『ヨーロッパ建築史』、京都：昭和堂、1998年。

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2. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc

   Architect
3. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc was a French architect and theorist, famous for his interpretive "restorations" of medieval buildings. Born in Paris, he was a major Gothic Revival architect. Wikipedia
5. Born: January 27, 1814, Paris, France
6. Died: September 17, 1879, Lausanne, Switzerland
7. Structures: Château de Pierrefonds, Statue of Liberty
8. Books: The Foundation of Architecture
9. Awards: Royal Gold Medal

Musée d'Orsay (officiel)

[Une exposition à voir / Don't miss this exhibition]
"Viollet-le-Duc, les visions d'un architecte" à la Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. À l’occasion du 200e anniversaire de la naissance d’Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879), rétrospective de l’œuvre singulière de ce grand architecte, théoricien et restaurateur. Avec des prêts exceptionnels du musée d'Orsay : http://bit.ly/1DAsLJQ
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"Viollet-le-Duc, visionary archaeologist" at the Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine. On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879), this retrospective presents the unique work of this great architect, theorist and restaurateur. With exceptional loans from the Musée d'Orsay : http://bit.ly/1DAtxGU

參考翻譯

Front cover of theDictionnaire Raisonné de L'Architecture Française du XIe au XVIe siècle, A. Morel editor, Paris, 1868.

Design for a concert hall, dated 1864, expressing Gothic principles in modern materials; brick, stone and cast iron.Entretiens sur l'architecture

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Sir Francis Drake, vice admiral (c. 1540 – 27 January 1596) was an English sea captain,privateer, navigator, slaver, and politician of the Elizabethan era. Drake carried out the second circumnavigation of the world, from 1577 to 1580.

Elizabeth I of England awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581. He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He died of dysentery in January 1596^[3] after unsuccessfully attacking San Juan, Puerto Rico.

His exploits were legendary, making him a hero to the English but a pirate to theSpaniards to whom he was known as El Draque.^[4] King Philip II was said to have offered a reward of 20,000 ducats,^[5] about £4 million (US$6.5M) by modern standards, for his life.

Circumnavigation of the earth (1577–1580)

A map of Drake's route around the world. The northern limit of Drake's exploration of the Pacific coast of North America is still in dispute. Drake's Bay is south of Cape Mendocino.

With the success of the Panama isthmus raid, in 1577 Elizabeth I of England sent Drake to start an expedition against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Drake used the Plans that Sir Richard Greynvile had received the Patent for in 1574 from Elizabeth, which was rescinded a year later after protests from Philip of Spain. He set out from Plymouth on 15 November 1577, but bad weather threatened him and his fleet. They were forced to take refuge inFalmouth, Cornwall, from where they returned to Plymouth for repair.

British Museum

‪#‎onthisday‬ in 1577: Sir Francis Drake set out from Plymouth on his circumnavigation of the world. This medal depicts his voyagehttp://ow.ly/FMTJS