國家電影及視聽文化中心 Taiwan Film and Audiovisual Institute
「有三個長得一模一樣的人……同樣的裝束、同樣的坐姿，顯得十分神祕。」
1981 每日電影獎最佳影片、導演、男演員、美術指導、音樂 1981 #奧斯卡金像獎 最佳外語片、最佳美術指導提名 
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/10/06/111297306.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
AI Overview
- 疾如風 (快如風)：進攻時反應迅速，如同暴風般迅雷不及掩耳。
- 徐如林 (緩如林)：行軍時陣容嚴整，如同森林般靜謐有序。
- 侵掠如火 (猛如火)：攻勢猛烈，如同燎原之火，銳不可當。
- 不動如山 (穩如山)：防守時穩固，如同山嶽般嚴陣以待。
- 武田信玄的軍旗： 武田信玄受《孫子兵法》啟發，在軍旗上書寫「疾如風，徐如林，侵掠如火，不動如山」。
- 完整版「六如」： 原文最後還包含「難知如陰，動如雷霆」。
- 文化影響： 日本作家井上靖以此創作了同名小說，進一步推廣了這一軍事名言。
| 影武者 Kagemusha | |
|---|---|
 原裝日本版海報 | |
| 基本資料 | |
| 導演 | 黑澤明 |
| 監製 | 田中友幸 黑澤明 |
| 編劇 | 井手雅人 黑澤明 |
| 主演 | 仲代達矢 山崎努 萩原健一 根津甚八 |
| 配樂 | 池辺晉一郎 |
| 攝影 | 斎藤孝雄 上田正治 |
| 剪輯 | 吉崎治 |
| 製片商 | 東寶 |
| 片長 | 179分鐘 |
| 產地 | 日本 美國 |
| 語言 | 日語 |
| 上映及發行 | |
| 上映日期 |
|
| 發行商 | 東寶（日本） 20世紀福斯（國際） |
| 預算 | $6,000,000 |
| 票房 | 26億8000萬円 （1980年邦畫配給収入1位） |
《影武者》又名《影子武士》，是一部1980年上映、由日本電影導演黑澤明執導的電影，「影武者」謂日本戰國時代中樣貌形象與大名相似的替身。
該片男主角一開始由《盲劍客》勝新太郎擔任，後來改由仲代達矢上陣，獲得了坎城影展金棕櫚獎並提名奧斯卡最佳外語片獎。
故事概要
本片是以日本戰國時代走向統一過程的初期階段為背景，以一個影武者為縮影再現了當時的戰爭以及人物。「甲斐之虎」武田信玄因為戰術需要（不動如山）經常面對危險，需要使用替身，以策安全，而這種替身被稱為「影武者」。
他的弟弟武田信廉身為信玄的影武者多年，卻無意在鐮成河畔的刑場上，發現了一個將被處死的竊賊，長相酷似信玄，便引薦作為影武者。後來，信玄在一次重要戰役（攻打織田與德川聯軍）中被敵方無名小卒以火繩槍擊成重傷，為維持軍心並防止敵軍來攻，信玄臨死前吩咐重臣，對外界隱瞞他的死訊三年。該名竊賊原本不願意假扮成武田信玄，但目睹敵軍來犯的意圖後，又有感於信玄不殺之恩，便主動表示願意效力。
起初，影武者的一言一行都受到嚴格的限制與監視，但除了少數重臣之外，所有人都把他當成主公信玄，對他敬畏有加。「影子」於是逐漸入戲，內心裡慢慢以真正的主公自居。他和信玄的孫子培養出深厚的感情，在會議上發表意見，更在一次是否出戰的討論中，發號施令，還因而扭轉了戰局。
然而，他的行為遭到詳知內情的信玄之子武田勝賴不滿。三年之約將滿，影武者不慎洩露身份，眾人遂將影武者驅逐出城，武田信玄的死訊終於公開。影子雖然被驅逐，內心裡已經深深烙印著對國家的責任，掛念國家的興亡。他眼看著武田勝賴莽撞出兵，欲挑戰織田信長與德川家康聯軍，內心煎熬萬分卻一點也使不上力。最後眼睜睜看著武田家的精銳部隊在長篠戰場上全軍覆沒（因織田首次採用了大量的火槍），而武田家也因此衰亡，影武者最後與「風林火山」的旗幟同隨波於湖。
| Kagemusha | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Akira Kurosawa |
| Screenplay by |
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| Produced by |
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| Starring | Tatsuya Nakadai |
| Cinematography | |
| Edited by | Akira Kurosawa (uncredited)[1] |
| Music by | Shin'ichirō Ikebe |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by |
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Release date |
|
Running time | 180 minutes |
| Country |
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| Language | Japanese |
| Budget |
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| Box office | $33 million (est.) |
Kagemusha (影武者; Shadow Warrior) is a 1980 Japanese epic jidaigeki film directed by Akira Kurosawa. It is set in the Sengoku period of Japanese history and tells the story of a lower-class petty thief who is taught to impersonate the dying daimyō Takeda Shingen to dissuade opposing lords from attacking the newly vulnerable clan. Kagemusha is the Japanese term for a political decoy, literally meaning "shadow warrior". The film ends with the climactic 1575 Battle of Nagashino.[5]
Kagemusha was released to critical acclaim.[6] The film won the Palme d'Or at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival (tied with All That Jazz). It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and received other honours. In 2009 the film was voted at No. 59 on the list of The Greatest Japanese Films of All Time by Japanese film magazine Kinema Junpo.[7]
Plot
During the Sengoku period, in 1571, Takeda Shingen, daimyō of Kai province from the Takeda clan, meets a thief his brother Nobukado has spared from crucifixion due to the thief's uncanny resemblance to Shingen. The brothers agree that he would prove useful as a double, and they decide to use the thief as a kagemusha, a political decoy. Later, while the Takeda army lays siege to a castle belonging to Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shingen is shot while listening to a flute playing in the enemy camp. He orders his forces to withdraw and, before succumbing to his wound, commands his generals to keep his death a secret for three years. Meanwhile, Shingen's rivals Oda Nobunaga, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and Uesugi Kenshin puzzle over the reason for Shingen's withdrawal, unaware of his death.
Nobukado presents the thief to Shingen's generals, proposing to have him impersonate Shingen full-time. Although the thief is unaware of Shingen's death initially, he eventually finds Shingen's preserved corpse in a large jar, having believed it to contain treasure. The generals then decide they cannot trust the thief and release him. Later, the jar is dropped into Lake Suwa, which spies working for the Tokugawa and Oda forces witness. Suspecting that Shingen has died, the spies go to report their observation, but the thief, having overheard the spies, returns to the Takeda forces and offers to work as a kagemusha. The Takeda clan preserves the deception by announcing that they were simply making an offering of sake to the god of the lake, and the spies are ultimately convinced by the thief's performance.
Returning home, the kagemusha convinces Shingen's retinue by imitating the late warlord's gestures and learning more about him. When the kagemusha must preside over a clan meeting, he is instructed by Nobukado to remain silent until Nobukado brings the generals to a consensus, whereupon the kagemusha will simply agree with the generals' plan and dismiss the council. However, Shingen's son Katsuyori is incensed by his father's decree of the three year subterfuge, which delays his inheritance and leadership of the clan. Katsuyori thus decides to test the kagemusha in front of the council, as the majority of the attendants are still unaware of Shingen's death. He directly asks the kagemusha what course of action should be taken, but the kagemusha is able to answer convincingly in Shingen's own manner, which further convinces the generals.
In 1573, Nobunaga mobilizes his forces to attack Azai Nagamasa, continuing his campaign in central Honshu to maintain his control of Kyoto against the growing opposition. When the Tokugawa and Oda forces launch an attack against the Takeda, Katsuyori begins a counter-offensive against the advice of his generals. The kagemusha is then forced to lead reinforcements in the Battle of Takatenjin, and he helps inspire the troops to victory. However, in a later fit of overconfidence, the kagemusha attempts to ride Shingen's notoriously temperamental horse, and falls off. When those who rush to help him see that he does not have Shingen's battle scars, he is revealed as an impostor, and is driven out in disgrace, allowing Katsuyori to take over the clan. Sensing weakness in the Takeda clan leadership, the Oda and Tokugawa forces are emboldened to begin a full-scale offensive into the Takeda homeland.
By 1575, now in full control of the Takeda army, Katsuyori leads a counter-offensive against Nobunaga in Nagashino. Although courageous in their assault, several waves of Takeda cavalry and infantry are cut down by volleys of gunfire from Oda arquebusiers deployed behind wooden stockades, effectively eliminating the Takeda army. The kagemusha, who has followed the Takeda army, desperately takes up a spear and charges toward the Oda lines before being shot himself. Mortally wounded, the kagemusha attempts to retrieve the fūrinkazan banner, which had fallen into a river, but succumbs to his wounds and is carried away by the current.
Production
George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola are credited at the end of the film as executive producers in the international version. This is because they persuaded 20th Century-Fox to make up a shortfall in the film's budget when the original producers, Toho Studios, could not afford to complete the film. In return, 20th Century-Fox received the international distribution rights to the film. Coppola and Kurosawa appeared together in Suntory whisky commercials to raise money for the production.[8]
Kurosawa originally cast the actor Shintaro Katsu in the title role. Katsu left the production, however, before the first day of shooting was over; in an interview for the Criterion Collection DVD, executive producer Coppola states that Katsu angered Kurosawa by arriving with his own camera crew to record Kurosawa's filmmaking methods. It is unclear whether Katsu was fired or left of his own accord, but he was replaced by Tatsuya Nakadai, a well-known actor who had appeared in a number of Kurosawa's previous films. Nakadai played both the kagemusha and the lord whom he impersonated.
Kurosawa wrote a part in Kagemusha for his longtime regular actor Takashi Shimura, and Kagemusha was the last Kurosawa film in which Shimura appeared. However, the scene in which he plays a servant who accompanies a Catholic missionary and doctor to a meeting with Shingen was cut from the foreign release of the film. The Criterion Collection DVD release of the film restored this scene as well as approximately another eighteen minutes in the film.
According to Lucas, Kurosawa used 5,000 extras for the final battle sequence, filming for a whole day, then he cut it down to 90 seconds in the final release. Many special effects, and a number of scenes that filled holes in the story, landed on the "cutting-room floor".
Cast
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