模仿納粹、景仰納粹的人,只是無知的小屁孩。
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英國人尼可拉斯·溫頓(Nicholas Winton 1909-2015, 106歲)在第二次世界大戰爆發前夕所展開的一項英勇而感人的人道行動 —— 他在1939年從納粹佔領的捷克斯洛伐克拯救了669名主要是猶太裔的兒童,使他們得以逃離納粹迫害,前往英國重獲新生。
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1938年底,納粹德國入侵捷克斯洛伐克,當時26歲的溫頓原本只是一名英國的股票經紀人,但他親自前往布拉格,見到難民營裡無數孩童的困境後,決定採取行動。他並非政治人物或慈善家,卻憑藉著良知與行動力,創建了一個救援網絡。
【Kindertransport 行動】:
溫頓與他的團隊安排了8列火車(原本計畫9列,但最後一列在戰爭爆發當天被迫取消),讓這些孩子離開捷克,經由德國與荷蘭,搭船抵達英國。他們必須為每個孩子找到英國的寄養家庭,並籌募簽證與交通費用(當時每個孩子要50英鎊,相當於今天的數千英鎊,約當今日的台幣155,000元)。
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尼可拉斯·溫頓不是一個人完成這項救援行動的,他在布拉格有一整個志工團隊協助他,而這些人中,有一些在納粹佔領後遭逮捕、囚禁甚至喪生,他們的犧牲不應被遺忘。
關鍵人物,例如:
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1. Trevor Chadwick(崔佛·查德威克),英國學校教師,暫時停課志願前往布拉格協助難民救援。
他是溫頓的關鍵合作者之一,負責在布拉格現場辦理文件、照顧兒童並安排火車行程。
他幾乎冒著生命危險與納粹打交道,用偽造或不完全的證件幫助孩童出境。
雖然他在戰爭前成功返回英國,但他後來生活低調,很少談論自己的參與,直到多年後才被公開表彰。
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2. Doreen Warriner(多琳·沃林納),英國倫敦政治經濟學院(LSE)的學者,人道主義者。
她是布拉格難民委員會的要角之一,最早參與救援捷克斯洛伐克難民,尤其是反對納粹的知識分子和猶太人。
她冒險運送文件與安排簽證,與溫頓的工作有重疊。
1939年3月,納粹入侵布拉格時她幾乎被捕,之後設法逃離返回英國。
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3. Beatrice Wellington(比阿特麗斯·威靈頓),加拿大籍社會工作者,協助孩童逃離納粹。
她為救援行動提供了寶貴的組織與資源,後來也有部分參與與溫頓團隊的協作。
她也曾遭納粹警告與審問,但幸運未被正式逮捕。
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【遭到逮捕或迫害的人:】
在布拉格與溫頓團隊合作的捷克與猶太志工,很多在納粹正式佔領後無法逃脫。
不少捷克本地志工在1939年後被蓋世太保逮捕,尤其是與猶太家庭有密切聯繫的人。
一些猶太背景的聯絡人與翻譯志工被送往集中營,其中多人從此音訊全無。
由於戰後許多資料散失,很多這些默默奉獻者的名字已經難以考證,但在溫頓晚年回憶錄與訪談中,他多次強調:
「我不是英雄,那些留在布拉格、承擔真正風險的人才是真正的英雄。」
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【為什麼這段歷史重要?】
這些協助者所做的事情提醒我們:「拯救生命從來不是單人英雄戲碼,而是團隊合作與犧牲的結晶。」
而在納粹統治下,哪怕只是幫助一名猶太人逃亡,也足以讓人付出生命代價。
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以上內容取自 ChatGPT-4o
The humanitarian efforts of Oskar Schindler—who was born on April 28th 1908—are known to many from the 1993 film "Schindler's List". A flawed but opportunistic industrialist, Schindler helped to save over 1,000 Jews from deportation to concentration camps
Nicholas Winton honoured by Czechs for saving children from Nazis
Sir Nicholas's actions to save Jews from the Nazis remained little known until the 1980s
A British man who saved 669 children, most of them Jews, from the Nazis has been awarded the Czech Republic's highest state honour.
Sir Nicholas Winton was 29 when he arranged trains to take the children out of occupied Czechoslovakia and for foster families to meet them in London.
The 105-year-old was given the Order of the White Lion by the Czech president during a ceremony at Prague Castle.
In a speech, he thanked the British people who gave the children homes.
He said: "Thank you all for this enormous expression of thanks for something which happened to me nearly 100 years ago and a 100 years is a heck of a long time.
"I am delighted that so many of the children are still about and are here to thank me."
He went on: "I thank the British people for making room for them to accept them and of course the enormous help given by so many of the Czechs who were at that time doing what they could to fight the Germans and to try to get the children out."
'No fear'
The remarkable mission of the man dubbed the "British Schindler" only came to light in the late 1980s.
It began in 1938 after the Nazi occupation of the Sudetenland, the name for areas of pre-war Czechoslovakia.
He visited refugee camps outside Prague and decided to help children secure British permits in the same way children from other countries had been rescued by "kindertransports".
At the time he was a stockbroker in London and being from a German Jewish family he said he was well aware of the urgency of the situation.
'English Schindler' Winton reunited with rescued children on That's Life in 1988
"I knew better than most, and certainly better than the politicians, what was going on in Germany. We had staying with us people who were refugees from Germany at that time. Some who knew they were in danger of their lives," he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme ahead of his visit to Prague.
But he said he was not afraid to help: "There was no personal fear involved."
Sir Nicholas used his powers as a diplomat to organise a total of eight trains from Prague to London and helped to find foster families for the refugees.
He said he was aware that many children would have died if it had not been for his actions, but added: "That's what was happening all over Europe."
A ninth train - the largest, carrying 250 children - was prevented from leaving by the outbreak of before World War Two. None of those children is believed to have survived.
'We have not learnt'
BBC Prague correspondent Rob Cameron said Sir Nicholas enjoyed "a life of relative obscurity" in England but in the Czech Republic he was "treated with enormous gratitude and respect".
Sir Nicholas was working as a stockbroker when he got involved in helping children come to Britain
The Czech defence ministry sent a special plane to take Sir Nicholas to Prague where he also met some of the people he rescued 75 years ago - themselves now in their 80s.
Our correspondent said the RAF veteran, who has a passion for planes, accepted the flight invitation on condition that he be allowed into the cockpit.
Sir Nicholas, who lives in Maidenhead, was born in May 1909.
He did not tell anyone about his actions for 50 years, until his wife found a scrapbook.
Sir Nicholas Winton reflects on his life
He was knighted by the Queen in March 2003 and a year earlier was finally reunited with hundreds of the children he saved - including Labour peer Lord Dubs and film director Karel Reisz - at a gathering for 5,000 descendants of the "Winton children".
His efforts have been likened to the work of German businessman Oskar Schindler, whose saving of Jews was dramatised in the film Schindler's List.
When asked what he made of today's world, Sir Nicholas responded: "I don't think we've ever learnt from the mistakes of the past...
"The world today is now in a more dangerous situation than it has ever been and so long as you've got weapons of mass destruction which can finish off any conflict nothing is safe any more."
不過Run Run來源亦眾說紛紜,多年前邵逸夫接受黃霑訪問,就提起他聽到的一個版本,他說:「我在當office boy,老闆常常揮手叫我跑過去:"Run!Run!"於是我的英文名字變成Run Run。」
香港鬼才藝人黃霑曾在《明報》專欄「自喜集」中提及:『覺得香港是家的感覺,不是一開始便有的,我們出來此地全家都是過客的心情....然後就漸漸愛上她了。』
愛上她之後,為了保護所愛,香港的年輕人大聲喊出他們心聲。2012年,香港藝人黃耀明與劉以達開唱"兜兜轉轉演演唱唱會",找來學民思潮的成員高唱Pink Floyd 的 Another Brick in the Wall。年僅15歲的黃之峰在舞台上面對上萬的觀眾,展現他一向穩健台風,拿著麥克風一字一句清楚的說:「反對國民教育科這條路,為下一代....我們....責。無。旁。貸!」
今天晚上10點紀錄觀點【未夠秤】,一起來看看香港的年輕人用他們的方式愛他們的故鄉。