2024年4月20日 星期六

Daniel C. Dennett, 丹尼爾·C·丹尼特 1942~2024 “putting the right questions is a crucial step forward.”

 

 Mr. Dennett “argues that putting the right questions is a crucial step forward.”


Daniel C. Dennett, Widely Read and Fiercely Debated Philosopher, 82, Dies

Espousing his ideas in best sellers, he insisted that religion was an illusion, free will was a fantasy and evolution could only be explained by natural selection.

A close-up portrait of Mr. Dennett, with his head next to that of a white model of a human showing on its head sections of the brain. Mr. Dennett was balding, wore eyeglasses and had a luxurious gray beard.
Daniel Dennett in about 2004. “There’s simply no polite way to tell people they’ve dedicated their lives to an illusion,” he said of religion. Credit...Eamonn McCabe/Popperfoto, via Getty Images

Mr. Dennett combined a wide range of knowledge with an easy, often playful writing style to reach a lay public, avoiding the impenetrable concepts and turgid prose of many other contemporary philosophers. Beyond his more than 20 books and scores of essays, his writings even made their way into the theater and onto the concert stage.


Mr. Dennett irked some scientists by asserting that natural selection alone determined evolution. He was especially disdainful of the eminent paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, whose ideas on other factors of evolution were summarily dismissed by Mr. Dennett as “goulding.”

博覽群書、爭論激烈的哲學家丹尼爾·C·丹尼特 (Daniel C. Dennett),82 歲,去世
他在暢銷書中擁護自己的觀點,堅持宗教是一種幻覺,自由意志是幻想,進化只能用自然選擇來解釋。

丹尼特先生的特寫肖像,他的頭緊挨著一個白色人類模型,展示了其頭部的大腦部分。 丹尼特先生禿頂,戴著眼鏡,留著華麗的灰鬍子。
丹尼爾·丹尼特(Daniel Dennett),大約在 2004 年。 圖片來源:Eamonn McCabe/Popperfoto,來自 Getty Images
喬納森·坎德爾


丹尼特先生將廣泛的知識與輕鬆、有趣的寫作風格相結合,以吸引普通公眾,避免了許多其他當代哲學家難以理解的概念和浮誇的散文。 除了他的 20 多本書和數十篇論文之外,他的作品甚至還登上了劇院和音樂會舞台。



丹尼特先生聲稱自然選擇本身就決定了演化,這惹惱了一些科學家。 他尤其鄙視著名古生物學家史蒂芬·傑伊·古爾德,他關於其他進化因素的觀點被丹尼特先生立即斥為「古爾丁」。


He believed that natural selection was the overwhelming factor in this evolution. And he insisted that physical and behavioral traits of organisms evolved primarily through their beneficial effects on survival or reproduction, thus enhancing an organism’s fitness in its environment.

哲學家Daniel Dennett,一個死硬派的物理主義者,主張不只是宗教,而是連自由意志,都只不過是幻覺(illusion)而已。但自由意志有維持社會穩定及正常運作的必要功能。
前兩天才把他批評GAI的文章又找出來看。因為想到2020年那段期間,自己在AI相關演講中,總喜歡在最末一張投影片放上他以下這段話的中文翻譯:
「在我們有生之年只會看到
這種智能工具,
而非同儕。
請不要把它們視為同儕,
更不要試圖讓它們成為同儕,
最重要的是,
不要讓我們自己成為它們的同儕。」
這段話後來也放入自己一篇文章中。當時引用時還心想,雖然有可能要很久後才會遇到這種情況,但希望提出來與聽眾分享自己很認同的一種看待AI的態度。
然後2022年底ChatGPT出來了。當大家都倡議與鼓吹「人機協作」時,我卻很不愛這個詞,還記得在協助開發與整理人社課程的示範指令集手冊時,在手冊前言中我用學習過程中的「頭腦體操陪練員」來形容ChatGPT,刻意避免以人機協作來形容。想來應該是受到Dennett那段話很大影響。
前陣子在找以前做的投影片時,看到這段話的當下心頭一驚,原來把AI當同儕的時代,這麼快就來臨了啊!!
(NYT與那段話的連結放下面)

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