懷海德（A. N. Whitehead）在《科學與現代世界》中借用了 17 世紀作家約瑟夫・格蘭維爾（Joseph Glanvill）的詞彙，提出「意見的氣候」（climate of opinion）這一概念。他指出，某個時代的思潮與價值觀會型塑人們的潛意識與基本信念，決定了人們的觀點是否能被同時代人所接受。 [1, 2, 3, 4]
以下為該概念的具體核心要點：
- 起源與普及：此概念由格蘭維爾首創，經懷海德於 1925 年《科學與現代世界》一書中重新闡釋而廣泛流傳，隨後亦被歷史學家卡爾・貝克（Carl Becker）等人借用以解釋歷史與文化變遷。 [1, 2, 4]
- 週期性更迭：懷海德指出，一般的意見氣候大約每 2 到 3 個世代（即 60 至 100 年）就會發生轉變，隨著時代進步與知識累積，主導當時社會的普遍偏見也會隨之改變。 []
您是否希望：
- 了解懷海德（A. N. Whitehead）的其他核心哲學觀點（如「機體哲學」或「錯置具體感」）？
- 探討「意見的氣候」在現代社會或特定歷史階段中的具體應用與影響？
歡迎告訴我有興趣的方向，我能為您提供更深入的解析。
李弘祺：
對於人類歷史的解釋，一般人大概是認爲每一個時代都有它内在的一貫性，事件之間都有相似的模式，相互間有一定的關聯。我們可以簡單說這個是一種時代的「精神」。
如果用懷海德（A N Whitehead）的説法，這個現象就是「意見的氣候」，支配了同時代人的想法，使得他們的意見或價值會反映一定的趨勢或模式。所以宋朝人想要表現自己的感情或見解，就會選擇用「詞」來表達。一般人都會說「唐詩、宋詞、元曲」，因爲它們代表了不同時代的文學特色。這樣説也許不太精確，不好與近兩百年歷史學術的理論相互比擬。不過借用中國傳統的說法來與歷史學的流行的見解作比較就是有其方便之處。……
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Whitehead that resonate in Voegelin’s thought, namely those of “climate of opinion,” “fallacy of misplaced concreteness,” and “process.”
(Definition of climate and opinion from the Cambridge English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
EXAMPLES of climate of opinion
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
If no longer supplying a "whole climate of opinion," its effect on the psychological weather thus endures.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
The intellectual climate of opinion is more favorable to a free-market society, but the practical world is less favorable.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Where did you get the energy, knowing that the archaeological climate of opinion these days is rather inimical to this type of work?
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Yet by the early 1990s few could doubt that the climate of opinion about the public provision of welfare really had changed.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
By the time the report was circulated for comment, however, the climate of opinion had chilled considerably, as had the economic outlook.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
Given this climate of opinion it is unsurprising that proposals to control prices and profits made little progress.
From the Cambridge English Corpus
A general climate of opinion is thus created which discourages the intelligent and ambitious boy from going into an industrial occupation.
From the
Hansard archive
In recent years, however, the climate of opinion and relations between the two countries have become very much worse.
I commend that change in the climate of opinion; but it must be reflected in actions.
I think that the initiative itself fulfilled its purpose of creating a better climate of opinion for tackling some of these problems.
After 13 years in opposition—and we can understand the climate of opinion—they were electioneering after the election was over.
I know, of course, that the climate of opinion on foreign affairs varies almost from month to month, often depending on quite unpredictable factors.
They thought only that the climate of opinion (which means the climate of employers' opinion) had not yet moved sufficiently.
It is a state of feeling, a climate of opinion, which, both for good and ill reasons, we have discarded as a nation.
An undoubted factor is what one might describe as the climate of opinion, the general attitude to the problem.
He said that he wanted to promote a climate of opinion in which discussions could be carried on and all possible solutions considered.
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