伊朗強硬派宗教領袖阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊逝世，享年86歲。
身為伊朗第二任最高領袖，他殘酷鎮壓國內異議，並擴大伊朗在海外的影響力，挑戰沙烏地阿拉伯的地區霸主地位。
阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊統治伊朗三十餘年，他對伊朗伊斯蘭革命的影響力遠超伊斯蘭共和國的締造者阿亞圖拉·霍梅尼。
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Hard-Line Cleric Who Made Iran a Regional Power, Dies at 86
As Iran’s second supreme leader, he brutally crushed dissent at home and expanded Iran’s footprint abroad, challenging Saudi Arabia for regional dominance.
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who ruled for more than three decades, shaped Iran’s Islamic revolution far more than the Islamic Republic’s founder, Ayatollah Khomeini.Credit...
哈梅內伊之死與一個時代的終結
他畢生的事業是維護一場即將走向毀滅的革命。
作者：卡里姆·薩賈德普爾
「寡頭統治的本質，」喬治‧歐威爾在《1984》中寫道，「在於死者將某種世界觀和某種生活方式強加於生者。」近四十年來，阿亞圖拉·阿里·哈梅內伊正是如此。他並非伊朗伊斯蘭共和國的締造者，而是從其創始人阿亞圖拉·魯霍拉·霍梅尼手中繼承而來。 1979年，霍梅尼領導了一場革命，推翻了親美的君主制，建立了一個伊斯蘭神權政體。該政體的三大意識形態支柱是「打倒美國」、「打倒以色列」以及強製女性佩戴頭巾——他稱頭巾是「革命的旗幟」。
霍梅尼於1989年去世，他的繼任者畢生致力於讓這場革命在它所統治的社會早已發展演變之後依然延續下去。在這方面，哈梅內伊取得了驚人的、甚至是殘酷的成功。但他所強加的世界觀從來就不是他自己的。他只是一個幽靈的代言人。
The Death of Khamenei and the End of an Era
His life’s work was to preserve a revolution that is heading for the ash heap.
“The essence of oligarchical rule,” George Orwell wrote in 1984, “is the persistence of a certain world-view and a certain way of life, imposed by the dead upon the living.” For nearly four decades, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei presided over exactly that. He did not build the Islamic Republic of Iran. He inherited it from its founder, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who in 1979 led a revolution that deposed a U.S.-aligned monarchy and replaced it with an Islamist theocracy whose three ideological pillars were “Death to America,” “Death to Israel,” and the mandatory covering of women—the hijab, he said, was “the flag of the revolution.”
Khomeini died in 1989, and his successor’s life’s work was to keep that revolution alive long after the society it governed had moved on. In this, Khamenei was remarkably, ruthlessly successful. But the worldview he imposed was never truly his own. He was the spokesman for a ghost.
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