Norway Snubs Dalai Lama in Deference to China
By RICK GLADSTONE
The Tibetan spiritual leader was in to Oslo to commemorate the Nobel Peace Prize he was awarded 25 years ago.
与达赖喇嘛对话
英国《金融时报》 艾米•卡兹明
我连夜从新德里赶火车，又换乘汽车在喜马拉雅山区行驶了两
小时。等我到达西藏流亡精神领袖达赖喇嘛在印度的居住地达兰萨拉时，感觉脑袋昏沉沉的。天色灰暗，还下着蒙蒙细雨，但这座城镇洋溢着节日气氛。人群涌向楚
拉康寺(Tsuglagkhang Temple)，聆听达赖喇嘛为期三天的弘法，他在这里讲解一部14世纪有关成佛之路的佛学著作。
在酒
店短暂停留时，我听到了从附近寺庙大喇叭里传来的这位世界最知名的佛教僧侣的声音。当达赖喇嘛用英语对观众讲话时，他通常语气轻松，时而讲着讲着会笑出声
来。但今天，78岁的达赖喇嘛在用他的母语讲经。他的语调低沉而严肃，尽管也是柔和的。他是在1959年逃到印度的，那时距离解放军占领他的故土已有九
年。很快，我就和大批藏族难民、印度人和西方人（既有虔诚的信徒，也有好奇者）一起，经过一条小巷涌向楚拉康寺。小巷中到处是西藏不满汉人 统治的印记。一块写着“为西藏献身”的巨大横幅，是在纪念过去两年里在西藏自焚的100余名藏人，他们以自焚这种方式对受到的压迫进行绝望而孤独的抗议， 许多人在生命的最后时刻呼吁达赖喇嘛回家。
火焰的图像环绕着每个自焚者的照片，旁边注明他们的姓名、年龄以及自焚日期。另一块横幅上贴着一 些可怕的照片，上面是据称7月6日在中国四川省庆祝达赖喇嘛生日时被警察枪杀的藏人。一块三角形的黑色大理石上刻着“西藏民族烈士纪念碑” (Tibetan National Martyrs Memorial)，还有一家博物馆细数中国侵犯人权的行为。
但 并不是所有东西都带上了政治色彩。一名身穿巴西足球夹克的藏族男子在售卖达赖喇嘛的著作，包括2011年出版的《超越宗教：面向世界的伦理学》 (Beyond Religion: Ethics for a Whole World)。西藏文献档案图书馆(Library of Tibetan Works and Archives)的一名僧人在呼吁人们捐钱，用于翻译和保护神圣的佛教典籍。一张广告纸在兜售“西藏能量疗法”，承诺以30分钟的“脉轮治疗”让人“放 飞心灵，摆脱压力和烦恼”。一张桌子摆满了柠檬馅饼、巧克力蛋糕和胡萝卜蛋糕。
寺庙内，被许多藏人尊为活佛、观音菩萨化身的第十四世达赖喇 嘛坐在高高的宝座上，背后是一尊巨大的金色佛像，四周是黑压压的人群。身穿枣红色长袍的僧侣，剃光头的尼姑，转动着佛珠的饱经风霜的老人，以及带着身穿传 统服饰的孩子、就像在参加学校活动的家庭——众人都盘腿坐在地板上。那些不能亲眼看到达赖喇嘛的人，可以在平板电视上看到这位精神领袖。
成千上万的人群中，有不少外国人，包括美国人、欧洲人、韩国人和日本人。当年作为西藏领导人踏上流亡之路时鲜为人知的达赖喇嘛，已成为一个全球家喻户晓的人物，拥有超过800万Twitter追随者和名人粉丝，包括好莱坞明星李察•基尔(Richard Gere)。
这位藏人精神领袖在讲解《菩提道次第摄颂》时，流露出一种普世主义的情怀，正是这种情怀，使他在世俗时代成为一个人气极高的先知。他敦促众人不要犯佛教所说的十种恶，包括杀生、妄语、偷盗、两舌（挑拨离间）等，但他接着指出，这些戒律并不只适合于佛教。
“如果人们是基督徒，这也可能是一种基督教徒的实践；如果他们是穆斯林，这可能是一种穆斯林的实践，而如果他们是佛教徒，这可能是一种佛教徒的修行，”他说。“我尊重其它信仰，因为它们给自己的追随者带来帮助。”
中午时分，他结束当日的法会时道歉说，“我讲太久了就会筋疲力尽”。他在两名助手的搀扶下，跟着一名手捧黄铜香炉的僧侣，走下楼梯，来到院子里，那里有一辆汽车等着把他送到旁边的住处。他祝福了几个信徒，然后慢慢坐入车内。汽车开走了，他消失于众人视线外。
几 天后，我穿过这个庭院时，有几个僧侣正在大声辩论，一些父母在看着孩子玩耍。我正去往达赖喇嘛的住处，希望与这位诺贝尔和平奖得主聊聊更贴近现实的、而非 精神世界的事情，比如说，中国境内不安定的藏人群体的痛楚，以及藏人在中国新领导人习近平主政期内获得更大宗教和政治自由的可能性。
西藏各 地严密的安全管制，防止了2008年3月那次席卷西藏高原的大规模抗议活动的重演。但是近年出现的一波自焚，却显示出藏人平静表面下的绝望。中共当局迅速 抹去这些自杀事件的痕迹，传播相关信息的人会到严厉惩罚。但这些自焚已引起全球关注，看上去也让北京的领导层感到了不安。
今年6月，中央党校民族学者靳薇敦促北京高层在西藏问题上具备“创新思维”，与达赖喇嘛对话。中共当局通常指责达赖喇嘛是“披着僧袍的豺狼”。
靳 薇发出的开创性呼吁发表于一份香港杂志，似乎表明高层有人支持。但中共中央政治局一名常委随后试图平息外界关于中共在西藏问题上将改变方针的猜测，誓言要 深入开展对“达赖集团”的斗争。最近，中国政府发表《西藏的发展与进步》白皮书，肯定了北京在西藏的“正确”政策，称北京的做法给“原始落后状态”的西藏 带来了经济发展和政治进步。
此前我已得到提醒，达赖可能不想回答政治问题。2011年3月，时年75岁的达赖喇嘛宣布退出政治活动。几个月后，43岁的哈佛大学法律学者洛桑森格(Lobsang Sangay)经15万余人的流亡群体选举后，成为西藏流亡政府司政。
但 是，丹增嘉措(Tenzin Gyatso)不可能轻易摆脱他的政治角色。作为一个农民的儿子，达赖在年仅两岁时被确认为第十四世达赖喇嘛转世，从父母身边被带走，接受佛学教育，15 岁成为西藏政教领袖。今天，他仍然是藏人向往尊严、憧憬文化和宗教自由的活化身——这个角色不是民选官员能够轻易取代的。北京方面对他的严词抨击，只让人 们更加清晰地感觉到，真正的力量在哪里。
达赖喇嘛的山顶住处鲜花夹道，他看上去精神矍铄，正在欢迎20来名排队等着见他的访客。他在达兰萨拉经常安排这样的活动。在等着见他的藏人中，有一个坐轮椅的寺庙厨师，一个就要移民去美国的家庭，一个患有癫痫的少年，还有一对夫妇，他们的12岁女儿在一次事故中丧生。
在 他进入屋里后，我被带到一个接待室，达赖喇嘛站在门口迎接我。他热情地牵着我的手，带我走进房间，让我坐在一张沙发上，自己坐到旁边的一把椅子上。他的两 个私人秘书（两人都是受世俗教育的普通人）和一名翻译也在场。在那一瞬间，我不能确定如何开始采访一位菩萨（一个据信已经悟道、但为了帮助别人而推迟涅槃 的人），于是我像自己在多数采访开始时那样，先递上自己的名片。
这位西藏精神领袖仔细研究着我的名字，重复念了几遍，最后转向他的助手，问我从哪里来。“加利福尼亚，”我说。“但名字是东欧人的。波兰。犹太人。”他笑了。“被选中的子民，”他说，“我们也是被选中的人，由观世音菩萨选中，但我们遭受了很多苦难。”
达 赖喇嘛对犹太人在绵延2000年的流亡中如何保持自己的信仰和文化，一向颇有兴趣。而我感兴趣的是：生活在西藏高原、面临着融入中国社会的巨大压力的 600万藏人，是不是很快就能看到他们的苦难得到缓解或结束？我问他如何解读中国发出的相互矛盾的信号：一方面呼唤变化，另一方面又进行镇压。
“我感到困惑——像许多人一样，”他笑着说。然后他对中共执政以来的不同“时代”给出了自己的认识：以过度政治化的、“不现实”的意识形态为特征的毛泽东时 代；将资本主义元素引入社会主义国家的邓小平时代；推动中共发生转变，代表工人阶级的同时也代表富商和知识分子的江泽民时代；以及在社会与经济分化不断扩 大的背景下追求“和谐社会”的胡锦涛时代。
“从中可以看到，奉行极权制度的同一个政党有能力顺应新的现实，”他总结道。但他表示，胡锦涛对 和谐社会的追求“或多或少失败了”。“通过严格控制和依靠武力的方式去促进和谐是错误的。从逻辑上讲，和谐必须来自内心……和谐在很大程度上基于信任。一 旦使用武力，就会造成恐惧。恐惧和信任是不能共存的。“
“你怎么想？”达赖喇嘛突然问忙着摁快门的FT摄影师。“你也在听，所以我问你。这是常识，不是吗？即使是动物，如果你表现出真挚的爱心，信任也会渐渐产生……如果你总是脸色难看，动辄殴打它，怎么能发展友谊？”
那么，达赖喇嘛是否认为，中国领导人也许比以往更愿意与他就西藏问题谈判？北京长期指责他暗中推动中国大约四分之一的疆域独立，而他坚持说，他只是想让中国境内的藏人获得自治。北京的强硬派认为，一旦这名年迈的僧侣圆寂，藏人的宗教信仰、身份认同和对北京的抵制将会淡化。
“我是乐观的，”他说，“不管他们喜不喜欢我，西藏问题是存在的。”他笑了。“这不仅是西藏的问题，而且是中华人民共和国的问题。他们必须解决这个问题。使用武力已经失败了。因此，他们现在必须奉行尊重西藏文化和西藏人民的政策。”
这与达赖喇嘛2008年接受英国《金融时报》采访时流露的悲观情绪截然不同。那次采访前，西藏各地爆发了抗议活动。那时，这名诺贝尔和平奖得主哀叹他在更年轻、也更愤怒的一代人中的影响力在下降。如今他显得轻松、自信，坚称他可以说服大多数藏人（甚至是倡导独立的人们）接受中国统治——如果能够得到真正的自治。
“我在藏人中间有一定的道德权威。我可以用它来说服那些想要分离的藏人，”他说。他暗示，中国领导人对他的需要，远远超出他对他们的需要。
“为了我的利益与中国政府谈判？不，”他说。“我只是一个僧人。我的大半生已经过去。还剩下的10年，也许15年，我能对付。我在欧洲、美国、加拿大有很多朋友。”他再次笑出声。“我认为自己是世界公民。”
实 际上，由于中国利用经济影响力来孤立他，达赖喇嘛的世界正在缩小。东亚国家，即使是那些曾经欢迎他的国家，比如信仰佛教的泰国，现在也不敢让他踏上他们的 土地，生怕惹恼北京方面。日本是唯一的例外。英国首相戴维•卡梅伦(David Cameron)在2012年会晤达赖喇嘛后，中英外交关系经历了长达一年的冰冻期，这是中国向其他西方国家政府发出的警告。
我问，国际社 会未能在西藏问题上显示更强硬立场，是否反映出全球各国领导人的道德破产？“这是一个现实，”他说。随后他解释说：“我的主要兴趣并不是会晤领导人。如果 我有某种政治议程，那么会晤领导人就是重要的。在多数情况下，我到西方国家访问是为了倡导人类价值与宗教和谐。”
达赖喇嘛还越来越希望与另一个人群接触（一些批评人士称，他早该这么做），那就是中国的舆论引导者和中国公众。每周都有一、二十名中国公民长途跋涉来到达兰萨拉，拜访这位让中国政府痛恨的佛教僧侣。还有一些中国人借海外旅行之机购买他的著作，其中许多已被译成中文。
“如今，我们与很多中国人士会晤——知识分子、作家、学生和退休官员，”他说。“我在过去几年里见了数千人。我试图让他们更确切地了解我们的诉求和想法。这非常有帮助。”
我问，如果他能回到西藏，他会先做什么？我以为他会流露出些许怀旧情绪，或是描绘某种政策议程的初步轮廓。
他 的回答却显示出，他深明“不执着”的佛教哲理。“没什么特别的，”他说。“我的余生就两件事——倡导人类价值，促进宗教和谐——直到我死，我会一直投入。 关于西藏，政治方面我已经退休了。西藏文化的保护，那是我全身心投入的事。我认为西藏文化是一种和平、非暴力、慈悲的文化。这是一种真正值得保护的文 化。”
由于我的犹太背景，我好奇的是，藏传佛教的精髓能否在西藏以外的地区得到延续？达赖喇嘛在印度主持重建了一些大型藏传佛教寺院，藏传 佛教的西方信徒也越来越多。难道这种信仰的精髓不能在流亡中蓬勃发展吗？他表示怀疑。“难。要保护藏传佛教——藏传佛教文化，主要责任在600万西藏人民 的肩上。”
在印度的藏传佛教寺院里，多数年轻僧人出生在西藏，而不是流亡藏人的后代。但自从2008年发生骚乱以来，中国已加强对西藏边境 的控制，现在每年只有几百名西藏难民抵达印度。为找到新人，藏传佛教寺院越来越多地把目光转向受西藏文化影响的其它喜马拉雅地区，如不丹和拉达克。但达赖 喇嘛认为，非藏族无法填补空白。
“不同的语言。完全不同的文化。不容易，”他笑着说。
我把话题转向西藏近年发生的一系列自焚事件。北京方面指责达赖喇嘛煽动自杀，而他的声明非常谨慎：既不鼓励，也不谴责这些行为。我问，他拒绝呼吁藏人停止自焚，是否像北京方面所称的那样，可以被视作一种默许？'
达 赖喇嘛露出不快的神色。“如果我制造了这种局面，那么我有权利说，‘不，别这么做，’”他语气坚定。“这是他们自己制造的局面。西藏境内的西藏人民，我认 为是我的老板。我承载着他们的期望。我不苛求他们说，‘你应该这样做，你不应该那样做’……这些事情的起因在于那些强硬派官员。责任在他们身上。他们必须 想办法结束这一切。”
我感到好奇的是，他是否曾经懊悔走上流亡之路？如果他留在困境中的人民身边，西藏的情况会不会有所不同？“有一个明显的例子：班禅喇嘛，”他反驳道。“班禅喇嘛留下了。结果呢？”
出 生于1938年的第十世班禅喇嘛，在西藏的宗教体制中是级别第二高的喇嘛。他最初支持中国的统治，但后来强烈批评其对西藏宗教机构、经济和社会结构的破 坏。1962年，时年24岁的他向中国高层领导人递交《七万言书》，罗列共产党在西藏所犯的错误。最初他赢得一些让步，但随后遭到整肃，被称为“西藏人民 的敌人”，在监狱和软禁中度过了14年。出狱后，他仍不断推动中国领导人在西藏实行放宽文化限制的温和政策，直到1989年去世。
“从西藏传出很多消息——口信、书信，有的来自老人，对我说，‘请回来，越快越好’，”达赖喇嘛说。“但是，明智的人——作家、学生、一些退休官员——告诉我，他们希望我住在一个自由的国家。他们会觉得‘我们有一个代表在一个自由的国家’。这是他们传达的意思。
“现在每周都有很多中国人，尤其是中国佛教徒，来到这里。许多人对我说，‘请不要忘记我们，请回来。’”我告诉他们，“中国政府至今认为我是一个恶魔。所以，如果一个恶魔回去，在机场出现，恶魔很可能被戴上手铐，送到恶魔该去的地方——监狱。”
安排给我的时间已经不多了，于是我把话题转向他的精神继承者。达赖喇嘛在2011年警告，在他圆寂后，寻找他的转世灵童的过程可能受到政治干预。但他说，他可以在仍在世时，在另一个人身上化现出身相，而这种化现将通过“业力和祈愿”，或者甚至通过他的直接指认来实现。
听上去十分抽象，意思似乎是说，达赖喇嘛可在有生之年选定一个精神上的继承者，几乎肯定是一个成年人，而不是在他圆寂后转世为某个孩子。这位僧侣表示，他将在90岁左右作出最终决定。一位在美国工作的学者曾将这个时间窗口比喻为“与死亡博弈”。
他在这个问题上显得很从容。“从我的身体情况看，再过个10年应该没问题。我认为，最有可能发生的情况是，在此期间中国方面的思维会发生一些变化。我总是祈祷中国领导层做事更合乎情理。拓宽视野。整体思维。”
如 果情况得不到改善，他认为西藏会出现更严重的骚乱吗？“在我在世期间，我认为不会。我曾遇到为中国某个部门工作的一个藏人。他很动情地告诉我，他们这一代 人，也就是三、四十岁的人，常说，‘只要达赖喇嘛还在，我们就必须遵循他的道路。一旦他不在了，我们将不得不寻找各种方法。’我告诉他，‘不要这么 想。’”
“我们是佛教徒。我们必须坚持非暴力。就我们而言，暴力几乎像是自杀……那些自焚的人其实很容易伤害别人。”
他提到一起藏人间的争执，一个藏人刺伤了另一个藏人，但受伤的人拒绝报复，甚至不让行凶者为他付医药费。“这些是藏人。一旦下定决心，他们就能真正坚持非暴力，”他说。“清楚了吗？”
我的时间到了。我得到一条白色的哈达，然后被送回到达兰萨拉的街上。但次日早上，达赖喇嘛的私人秘书打来电话，告诉我说，达赖喇嘛觉得自己在自焚事件上的立场解释得不够清楚，希望作一下补充。几个小时后，我回到了达赖喇嘛的住处，这位身穿褐红色长袍的僧侣大步走进房间。
“就 一句话，”他坚定地说。“那些自焚的人：他们没有喝醉酒。没有家庭问题……总体形势是如此紧张，如此让人绝望，所以他们选择一种悲惨的方式……很难对他们 说：‘你必须活下去，面对这些难以承受的困难。’如果我能给他们提供其他选择的话，那么我可以说，‘不要那样做。与其缩短你的生命，请活到高寿，我们可以 做这个，或做那个。’但我什么都没有，没法提供其它选择。从道德上来说，这是非常困难的。没有其他选择，只能保持沉默，并祈祷。清楚了吗？”
他 站起身，我也跟着站起来，但他的话还没说完。“历史上西藏是一个独立的国家，”他说。“但我们必须向前看，正视现实。作为中华人民共和国的一部分符合我们 的利益。西藏是落后的……所以也想现代化……许多藏人非法前往美国和加拿大，不是为了追求灵性，而是为了谋取财富。藏人也爱钱。既然如此，那就留在中华人 民共和国吧。大把金钱。”
“我们主要关心的是保护西藏文化——和平、非暴力的文化，说到底它是一种爱和慈悲的文化。这是当今世界真正重要的 东西，”他说。“数亿汉人也需要爱的文化。有了爱的文化，社会才会诚信和透明。警察和死刑解决不了这些事情。只有当这里发生变化时才行，”他指着自己的心 脏部位说。
“自治的根本意义就是爱护自己的文化，”他说。“一旦全面实行自治，我们非常愿意留在中华人民共和国……我们藏族人在历史上是独立的。没关系。我们可以共处。”
我的时间到了。离开的时候，我经过五个汉族男子，他们留着短发，穿着不合身的深色涤纶夹克衫，正等着见达赖喇嘛。我不禁想知道，他们彼此间会说些什么？藏人和汉人和谐相处的新时代是否终于将要开启？
艾米•卡兹明(Amy Kazmin)是英国《金融时报》南亚记者
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AFP - Nov 17, 2007 - Dalai Lama visits Ise Shrine, lectures on religious harmony
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Dalai Lama visits Japan's holy shrine
ISE, Japan (AFP) — Tibet's spiritual leader the Dalai Lama paid a visit to Japan's holiest Shinto shrine of Ise, western Japan, on Sunday as part of his effort to harmonise the world's religions.The Nobel laureate, who arrived in Japan on Thursday for a 10-day stay, made his second pilgrimage to the Ise Shrine complex dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu Omikami, mythical ancestor of the imperial family.
Escorted by the chief priest of the shrine, the maroon-robed Tibetan bowed twice at the main shrine and purified himself with water from a small river inside the site in accordance with Japanese tradition.
The Dalai Lama said the visit was part of his long-established practice of making trips to religious buildings and holy places around the world.
"Wherever I go, if time permits, I always pay my respect or pilgrimage to all different religious... temples," the Dalia Lama, who first visited the shrine in 2003, said Saturday ahead of a religious forum on Sunday.
"I've fully committed promotion of religious harmony," he said.
"Religious faith is sometimes causing divisions and problems. (In the) meantime, all religions have the same message, the message of love ... and the same potential to save humanity," he said.
"Therefore, the harmony and unity among religions is extremely important," he added.
During the religious forum on Sunday, which drew high-ranking Buddhist and Shinto priests across the nation, the Dalai Lama also stressed that various kinds of religion can play an important part in modern society.
"Still, I believe various different religions have some role (for) humanity," he said.
If priests and believers of various religions work closer and build relationships of trust, "we can develop genuine harmony or the basis of mutual respect," he concluded.
The Dalai Lama will address public forums on spirituality and visit schools, but he does not plan to meet government officials as they allowed his trip on condition he did not engage in political activities.
The cold shoulder from Japan, which has uneasy ties with China, is in stark contrast to the growing embrace of the Dalai Lama by Western countries.
Last month, the United States defied China's protests and awarded the Dalai Lama the top congressional civilian honour.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper also recently became the first leaders of their countries to meet with the spiritual leader.
China, which sent troops into Tibet in 1950, opposes the international travels of the globetrotting Dalai Lama, criticising him of agitating for Tibetan independence.
The Dalai Lama, who fled for exile in India in 1959 amid a failed uprising in Lhasa, insists that he wants autonomy for Tibet within China.
"But the Chinese government officials still... continuously accuse me as a separatist. I don't know what it is," he told reporters on Saturday.
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LONDON |
(Reuters) - China
is beset by a moral crisis, widespread corruption and lawlessness,
leading millions of Chinese to seek solace in Buddhism, Tibet's exiled
Buddhist leader, the Dalai Lama, said on Monday.
The Dalai Lama was in London to receive the $1.7 million Templeton prize for his work affirming the spiritual dimension of life.
Speaking to reporters before the award ceremony at St. Paul's Cathedral in London, he said millions of young Chinese were showing an interest in spirituality.
"Look at China now, the moral crisis, corruption - immense," he said, adding that China had "no proper rule of law".
A survey two years ago found that 200 million Chinese followed Buddhism, including many who followed Tibetan Buddhism, he said.
"Tibetan Buddhist culture I think (is of) immense benefit to millions of Chinese who are really passing through a difficult period like that," he said.
In the most tumultuous upheaval in China's leadership in decades, the Communist Party banished its most controversial politician, Bo Xilai, from its ranks in April and detained his wife over the murder of a British businessman.
China has ruled Tibet since 1950 when Communist troops occupied the country. The Dalai Lama escaped to live in exile in India after a failed uprising against Chinese rule.
The Dalai Lama, who won the Nobel peace prize in 1989, said he would donate $1.5 million of the Templeton prize money to support British charity Save the Children's work to combat malnutrition among children in India. The rest will go to scientific causes.
CAMERON MEETING
British Prime Minister David Cameron will meet the Dalai Lama later on Monday, Cameron's office said. However, the meeting will not take place at Cameron's official Downing St residence in a gesture to Chinese sensibilities.
China voiced "strong dissatisfaction" after Cameron's predecessor as prime minister, Gordon Brown, met the Dalai Lama, also away from Downing St, in 2008.
Tibetan protests against Chinese rule have intensified in recent months. At least 32 Tibetans have set themselves on fire, mostly in southwestern China, since March 2011 to protest against Chinese rule in Tibet, according to Tibetan rights groups. At least 22 have died.
The Dalai Lama has angered the Chinese government by refusing to condemn the protests and accusing Beijing of overseeing a "cultural genocide" against Tibetans.
The Dalai Lama refused to say on Monday whether the self-immolations should stop or continue.
"I think that is quite a sensitive political issue. I think my answer should be zero," he said, noting that he had devolved political power to an elected leader last year.
The Dalai Lama waded into a sensitive British political issue by saying that he might have joined anti-capitalist protesters who staged a four-month protest outside St Paul's Cathedral if their motives were sincere and justified.
Police and bailiffs cleared the protesters' camp in February.
The Dalai Lama told a British newspaper on Sunday he feared China might have plotted to kill him by training female agents with poison in their hair. But he said on Monday he did not know if the allegation was true as he had no way of checking.
Asked what spiritual advice he would give to British people suffering from economic turmoil in the country, which is going through austerity and recession, the Dalai Lama said: "Please don't feel helpless or hopeless... Work hard."
(Additional reporting by Tim Castle; Editing by Maria Golovnina)
The Templeton Prize is an annual award presented by the Templeton Foundation. Established in 1972, it is awarded to a living person who, in the estimation of the judges, "has made an exceptional contribution to affirming life's spiritual dimension, whether through insight, discovery, or practical works".[1] The prize is named after Sir John Templeton (1912–2008), an American-born British entrepreneur and businessman, who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1987 for his philanthropic efforts.[2] Until 2001, the name of the prize was "Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion", and from 2002 to 2008 it was called the "Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities".[3][4] It has typically been presented by Prince Philip in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.[5][6][7]
The monetary value of the prize is adjusted so that it exceeds that of the Nobel Prizes, as Templeton felt "spirituality was ignored" in the Nobel Prizes.[8] At £1,000,000, as of 2009, it is the largest single annual financial prize award given to an individual by a philanthropic organization.[9][10] The prize is awarded "based on the decision of a panel of distinguished judges from various academic disciplines and religious traditions".[11] Hindus, Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Muslims and atheists have been on the panel of judges and have been recipients of the prize.[12]
The prize has been criticized – British biologist and atheist Richard Dawkins said in his book The God Delusion that the prize was given "usually to a scientist who is prepared to say something nice about religion".[13] Sean M. Carroll, a research associate in the Department of Physics at the California Institute of Technology, criticized his colleagues for taking Templeton research grants when they did not support Templeton's beliefs.[14] Martinus J. G. Veltman, the 1999 Nobel laureate in physics, suggested the prize "bridg[ed] the gap between sense and nonsense".[15]
The inaugural winner of the prize, in 1973, was Mother Teresa, six years before she received the Nobel Peace Prize. She was cited by the Templeton Foundation "for her extraordinary efforts to help the homeless and neglected children of Calcutta" and for her work, which "inspired millions of others around the world".[16]
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/14/us-britain-tibet-idUSBRE84D0QC20120514
China suffers from "moral crisis", Dalai Lama says
LONDON |
The Dalai Lama was in London to receive the $1.7 million Templeton prize for his work affirming the spiritual dimension of life.
Speaking to reporters before the award ceremony at St. Paul's Cathedral in London, he said millions of young Chinese were showing an interest in spirituality.
"Look at China now, the moral crisis, corruption - immense," he said, adding that China had "no proper rule of law".
A survey two years ago found that 200 million Chinese followed Buddhism, including many who followed Tibetan Buddhism, he said.
"Tibetan Buddhist culture I think (is of) immense benefit to millions of Chinese who are really passing through a difficult period like that," he said.
In the most tumultuous upheaval in China's leadership in decades, the Communist Party banished its most controversial politician, Bo Xilai, from its ranks in April and detained his wife over the murder of a British businessman.
China has ruled Tibet since 1950 when Communist troops occupied the country. The Dalai Lama escaped to live in exile in India after a failed uprising against Chinese rule.
The Dalai Lama, who won the Nobel peace prize in 1989, said he would donate $1.5 million of the Templeton prize money to support British charity Save the Children's work to combat malnutrition among children in India. The rest will go to scientific causes.
CAMERON MEETING
British Prime Minister David Cameron will meet the Dalai Lama later on Monday, Cameron's office said. However, the meeting will not take place at Cameron's official Downing St residence in a gesture to Chinese sensibilities.
China voiced "strong dissatisfaction" after Cameron's predecessor as prime minister, Gordon Brown, met the Dalai Lama, also away from Downing St, in 2008.
Tibetan protests against Chinese rule have intensified in recent months. At least 32 Tibetans have set themselves on fire, mostly in southwestern China, since March 2011 to protest against Chinese rule in Tibet, according to Tibetan rights groups. At least 22 have died.
The Dalai Lama has angered the Chinese government by refusing to condemn the protests and accusing Beijing of overseeing a "cultural genocide" against Tibetans.
The Dalai Lama refused to say on Monday whether the self-immolations should stop or continue.
"I think that is quite a sensitive political issue. I think my answer should be zero," he said, noting that he had devolved political power to an elected leader last year.
The Dalai Lama waded into a sensitive British political issue by saying that he might have joined anti-capitalist protesters who staged a four-month protest outside St Paul's Cathedral if their motives were sincere and justified.
Police and bailiffs cleared the protesters' camp in February.
The Dalai Lama told a British newspaper on Sunday he feared China might have plotted to kill him by training female agents with poison in their hair. But he said on Monday he did not know if the allegation was true as he had no way of checking.
Asked what spiritual advice he would give to British people suffering from economic turmoil in the country, which is going through austerity and recession, the Dalai Lama said: "Please don't feel helpless or hopeless... Work hard."
(Additional reporting by Tim Castle; Editing by Maria Golovnina)
The Templeton Prize is an annual award presented by the Templeton Foundation. Established in 1972, it is awarded to a living person who, in the estimation of the judges, "has made an exceptional contribution to affirming life's spiritual dimension, whether through insight, discovery, or practical works".[1] The prize is named after Sir John Templeton (1912–2008), an American-born British entrepreneur and businessman, who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1987 for his philanthropic efforts.[2] Until 2001, the name of the prize was "Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion", and from 2002 to 2008 it was called the "Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities".[3][4] It has typically been presented by Prince Philip in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.[5][6][7]
The monetary value of the prize is adjusted so that it exceeds that of the Nobel Prizes, as Templeton felt "spirituality was ignored" in the Nobel Prizes.[8] At £1,000,000, as of 2009, it is the largest single annual financial prize award given to an individual by a philanthropic organization.[9][10] The prize is awarded "based on the decision of a panel of distinguished judges from various academic disciplines and religious traditions".[11] Hindus, Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Muslims and atheists have been on the panel of judges and have been recipients of the prize.[12]
The prize has been criticized – British biologist and atheist Richard Dawkins said in his book The God Delusion that the prize was given "usually to a scientist who is prepared to say something nice about religion".[13] Sean M. Carroll, a research associate in the Department of Physics at the California Institute of Technology, criticized his colleagues for taking Templeton research grants when they did not support Templeton's beliefs.[14] Martinus J. G. Veltman, the 1999 Nobel laureate in physics, suggested the prize "bridg[ed] the gap between sense and nonsense".[15]
The inaugural winner of the prize, in 1973, was Mother Teresa, six years before she received the Nobel Peace Prize. She was cited by the Templeton Foundation "for her extraordinary efforts to help the homeless and neglected children of Calcutta" and for her work, which "inspired millions of others around the world".[16]
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