回憶錄科普之美：諾貝爾物理獎外的軼事也有趣，有意思：恐龍惡運Luis Alvarez 。義大利 "600年學風 Umberto Eco " vs 韓國（足球，科技投資） Giorgio Parisi 「無序之美」 .

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Nobel Prize
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#Didyouknow that blood groups were discovered 123 years ago?
When a person loses lots of blood through accident or illness, it must be replenished. When transfusions from one person to another were first tried, however, the result was very often disastrous.
Medicine laureate Karl Landsteiner discovered why: when different people's blood was mixed, the blood cells sometimes clotted. He explained in 1901 that people have different types of blood cells, that is, there are di……
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Françoise Dsmnt

He discovered A B O




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Nobel Prize
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The pioneering research conducted by Karl Landsteiner had a profound impact on the field of medicine and saved millions of lives. Landsteiner discovered and classified ABO human blood groups, which finally made safe blood transfusions possible. In 1930, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
World Blood Donor day commemorates Landsteiner's birthday - he was born on this day in 1868.
Discover more: https://bit.ly/3gnZfgv……
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Manoel Valente

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So interesting!




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Nobel Prize
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“Where is there reliable information and where will you be getting that from?”
Despite the impact on millions of lives, denial and lies about the climate emergency we face continue to spread online. But how can scientists get their message across?
Sir Paul Nurse discusses how to use science, not politics, to guide the debate surrounding climate change with the BBC’s Babita Sharma.……
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NOBELPRIZE.ORG
Whose truth? Climate change denial - NobelPrize.org
In this podcast episode medicine laureate Sir Paul Nurse discusses how to use science, not politics, to guide the debate surrounding climate change.





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Sadashiv Awghad

NOBEL PRIZEAUREATEALL MEJOR COUNTRIES HAVE TO WORK TOGETHER.




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Nobel Prize
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Watch the very moment Ahmed Zewail received his Nobel Prize on 10 December 1999.
Zewail was awarded the chemistry prize "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy."
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Nobel Prize
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W.B. Yeats is one of the few writers whose greatest works were written after the award of the Nobel Prize. Whereas he received the prize chiefly for his dramatic works, his significance today rests on his lyric achievement. His poetry made him one of the outstanding and most influential twentieth-century poets writing in English.
How many of his poems have you read?
Learn more about his life: https://bit.ly/4bKbgt4








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Sadashiv Awghad

Award of nobel prize in literature







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Nobel Prize
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John Nash, “a mathematical genius”, was awarded the prize in economic sciences for his work on game theory – in particular developing the Nash equilibrium.
Nash had a complicated life. His brilliant doctoral thesis outlining his prize-awarded work was completed by the time he was 21. However around 30 he began struggling with his mental health and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. His experiences living with the illness were famously depicted in the film ‘A Beautiful Mind’, ……
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Alan J White

I view this gentleman not so much as a schizophrenic but rather as an 'absent minded professor'. I think he was so wrapped up in his work, he forgot to save time for people and every day conversations. Professor Nash probably did make any number of ina……
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Nobel Prize
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Literature laureate Nelly Sachs receiving her Nobel Prize from King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden on 10 December 1966 at the Concert Hall in Stockholm, Sweden.
Sachs’ birthday happens to be on 10 December so she received her award on her 75th birthday.








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Manoel Valente

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Que registro encantador!




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Nobel Prize
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Immunologist and microbiologist Jules Bordet's research gave us a valuable insight into how our immune system works, more than 100 years ago.
When engaging an enemy in battle, it’s always an advantage to enlist some help, and in the case of the immune system this is no exception. To aid their vital task of specifically binding to and destroying invading bacteria and viruses, antibodies recruit a special type of protein to deliver a lethal blow. The identity and behaviour of ……
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Nobel Prize
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Luis Alvarez received the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on elementary particle physics which ultimately led to the discovery of a number of previously unknown particles. However he is probably more famous for another piece of work. In 1980, Alvarez, pictured here together with his son Walter, published the theory that the dinosaurs became extinct after an asteroid collided with Earth 65 million years ago.
At a limestone outcropping near Gubbio, Italy, physicis……
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Luis Alvarez received the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on elementary particle physics which ultimately led to the discovery of a number of previously unknown particles. However he is probably more famous for another piece of work. In 1980, Alvarez, pictured here together with his son Walter, published the theory that the dinosaurs became extinct after an asteroid collided with Earth 65 million years ago.




At a limestone outcropping near Gubbio, Italy, physicist Luis and geologist Walter, examined the clay layer that launched their theory of 'The Great Dying.' Surprisingly high concentrations of iridium in the clay at Gubbio and many other sites indicated that the mass extinction was the result of a collision between Earth and a huge extraterrestrial object.




The collision created not only massive earthquakes and tsunamis, but it also created a cloud of dust that blocked much of the sun’s light for several years. While this was bad news for the dinosaurs, it opened up niches for mammals to fill, furthering their evolution.

Credit: Nobel Prize




路易斯·阿爾瓦雷斯 (Luis Alvarez) 因其對基本粒子物理學的研究而獲得 1968 年諾貝爾物理學獎，該研究最終發現了許多以前未知的粒子。然而，他可能因另一件作品而更為出名。 1980 年，阿爾瓦雷斯（圖中為他與兒子沃爾特）發表了這樣的理論：6500 萬年前一顆小行星與地球相撞後，恐龍滅絕了。










在義大利古比奧附近的一處石灰岩露頭，物理學家路易斯和地質學家沃爾特檢查了黏土層，從而提出了他們的「大死亡」理論。古比奧和許多其他地點的粘土中銥的濃度令人驚訝，這表明大規模滅絕是地球與一個巨大的外星物體碰撞的結果。










這次碰撞不僅引發了大地震和海嘯，也產生了塵埃雲，阻擋了大部分太陽光長達數年。雖然這對恐龍來說是個壞消息，但它為哺乳動物提供了填補的空白，從而進一步促進了它們的進化。




圖片來源：諾貝爾獎

看過一遍，不見得全懂，但是值得推薦的好書：In a Flight of Starlings: The Wonder of Complex Systems By Giorgio Parisi等中文本書名 「無序之美」...... 尼葛洛龐帝Nicholas Negroponte是美國麻省理工學院教授，前兼媒體實驗室(Media Lab)創辦人和主持人

Nobel Prize 

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Giorgio Parisi – awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics – discovered hidden patterns in disordered complex materials. His discoveries are among the most important contributions to the theory of complex systems. They make it possible to understand and describe many different and apparently entirely random materials and phenomena, not only in physics but also in other, very different areas, such as mathematics, biology, neuroscience and machine learning.

The subject of Parisi’s original work was spin glass. This is a special type of metal alloy in which iron atoms, for example, are randomly mixed into a grid of copper atoms. Even though there are only a few iron atoms, they change the material’s magnetic properties in a radical and very puzzling manner. Each iron atom behaves like a small magnet, or spin, which is affected by the other iron atoms close to it. In an ordinary magnet, all the spins point in the same direction, but in a spin glass they are frustrated; some spin pairs want to point in the same direction and others in the opposite direction – so how do they find an optimal orientation?

In the introduction to his book about spin glass, Parisi writes that studying spin glass is like watching the human tragedies of Shakespeare’s plays. If you want to make friends with two people at the same time, but they hate each other, it can be frustrating. This is even more the case in a classical tragedy, where strongly emotional friends and enemies meet on stage. How can the tension in the room be minimised?

Spin glasses and their exotic properties provide a model for complex systems. In the 1970s, many physicists, including several Nobel Prize laureates, searched for a way to describe the mysterious and frustrating spin glasses. One method they used was the replica trick, a mathematical technique in which many copies, replicas, of the system are processed at the same time. However, in terms of physics, the results of the original calculations were unfeasible.

In 1979, Parisi made a decisive breakthrough when he demonstrated how the replica trick could be ingeniously used to solve a spin glass problem. He discovered a hidden structure in the replicas, and found a way to describe it mathematically. It took many years for Parisi’s solution to be proven mathematically correct. Since then, his method has been used in many disordered systems and become a cornerstone of the theory of complex systems.

Learn more

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Popular information: https://bit.ly/3nDcobG

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Nobel Prize

That same year, Eco published his second book, Sviluppo dell'estetica medievale (The Development of Medieval Aesthetics), a scholarly monograph building on his work on Aquinas. Earning his libera docenza in aesthetics in 1961, Umberto Eco^[a] OMRI (5 January 1932 – 19 February 2016) 

Umberto Eco OMRI
Eco in 1984

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