《傑克泉與魔幻豆的故事》《童話「傑克與魔豆」的世界重現》Jack and the Beanstalk /Jack and the Giant man

【影片】《童話「傑克與魔豆」的世界重現》
彷彿童話故事《傑克與魔豆》般，世界最大豆科植物在鹿兒島縣奄美大島結果，讓造訪的遊客驚嘆不已。這種豆科植物「藻玉」因受到森林砍伐等影響，導致原生地減少。由於有滅絕的危險性，因此已被環境省登錄在紅色名錄中。
#傑克與魔豆 #鹿兒島縣
觀看其他影片
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Jack and the Beanstalk (disambiguation).
Jack and the Beanstalk

Mildred Lyon's illustration in Charles H. Sylvester's (1922) Journeys through Bookland
Folk tale
Name Jack and the Beanstalk
Also known as Jack and the Giant man
Aarne–Thompson grouping AT 328 ("The Treasures of the Giant")
Country United Kingdom
Published in Benjamin Tabart, The History of Jack and the Bean-Stalk (1807)
Joseph Jacobs, English Fairy Tales (1890)
Related "Jack the Giant Killer"


"Jack and the Beanstalk" is an English fairy tale with ancient origins. It appeared as "The Story of Jack Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean" in 1734[1] and as Benjamin Tabart's moralized "The History of Jack and the Bean-Stalk" in 1807.[2] Henry Cole, publishing under pen name Felix Summerly, popularized the tale in The Home Treasury (1845),[3] and Joseph Jacobs rewrote it in English Fairy Tales (1890).[4] Jacobs' version is most commonly reprinted today, and is believed to be closer to the oral versions than Tabart's because it lacks the moralizing.[5] The antagonist is an ogre in some versions, including Jacob's, and is a giant in others.

"Jack and the Beanstalk" is the best known of the "Jack tales", a series of stories featuring the archetypal English hero and stock character Jack.[6]

According to researchers at Durham University and Universidade Nova de Lisboa, the story originated more than five millennia ago in Proto-Indo-European, based on a widespread archaic story form which is now classified by folklorists as ATU 328 The Boy Who Stole Ogre's Treasure.[7]

Story1854 illustration of Jack climbing the beanstalk by George Cruikshank

Jack, a poor country boy, trades the family cow for a handful of magic beans, much to the dismay of his widowed mother. The beans grow into a massive beanstalk reaching up into the clouds. Jack climbs the beanstalk and finds a road that leads to a big house, with a tall woman standing outside. He asks for breakfast and she gives him some bread, cheese, and milk, but warns that he might become breakfast himself if he is not careful, since "My man is an ogre and there's nothing he likes better than boys broiled on toast." While he is eating, the ogre comes home, with the woman telling Jack to quickly hide in the oven.

Sensing the boy's presence, the ogre cries, "Fee-fi-fo-fum, I smell the blood of an Englishman. Be he alive, or be he dead, I'll have his bones to grind my bread!" The wife suggests that he is smelling "the scraps of the little boy you liked so much for yesterday's dinner". So the ogre eats his breakfast, three broiled calves. Afterwards he takes out some bags of gold. Counting the gold, he falls asleep. Jack creeps out of his hiding place, takes one of the bags, and climbs down the beanstalk. He gives the gold to his mother, who is very happy. They live well for some time, until it is almost used up.

Jack decides to try his luck once more and climbs up the beanstalk. Again he meets the woman at the doorstep and asks her for breakfast. While he is eating, the ogre returns and Jack quickly hides in the oven. Again the ogre suspects that somebody is there, but then sits down for his breakfast – three broiled oxen. Afterwards he asks his wife for "the hen that lays the golden eggs". He says "Lay!" and the hen lays an egg of pure gold. The ogre falls asleep, and Jack takes the hen and climbs down the beanstalk.

Though Jack and his mother now have an inexhaustible source of golden eggs, Jack is "not content" and climbs the beanstalk for the third time. He avoids the ogre's wife, slipping into the house unseen when she goes to get some water, and hiding in the copper. When the ogre comes home, he once more cries out "Fee-fi-fo-fum", suspecting someone is there. His wife suggests that the "little rogue that stole your gold and the hen" may be hiding in the oven. But when they find the oven empty, she concludes he is smelling the boy she has just broiled for his breakfast. The ogre eats his breakfast, then asks his wife to bring him his golden harp, which sings beautifully when he orders it to "Sing!"

Once the ogre has fallen asleep, Jack takes the harp and wants to leave, but the harp calls out "Master! Master!" The ogre wakes up, seeing Jack running away. Pursued by the ogre, he quickly climbs down the beanstalk, then asks his mother to bring an axe. He chops down the beanstalk and the ogre falls to his death. Jack and his mother are now very rich and live happily ever after, with Jack marrying a princess.[8]

OriginsIn Walter Crane's woodcut the harp reaches out to cling to the vine

"The Story of Jack Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean" was published in London by J. Roberts in the 1734 second edition of Round About Our Coal-Fire.[1] In 1807, English writer Benjamin Tabart published The History of Jack and the Bean Stalk, possibly actually edited by William and/or Mary Jane Godwin.[9]

The story is older than these accounts. According to researchers at Durham University and the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, the tale type (AT 328, The Boy Steals Ogre's Treasure) to which the Jack story belongs may have had a Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) origin (the same tale also has Proto-Indo-Iranian variants),[10] and so some think that the story would have originated millennia ago (4500 BC to 2500 BC).[7]

In some versions of the tale, the giant is unnamed, but many plays based on it name him Blunderbore (one giant of that name appears in the 18th-century tale "Jack the Giant Killer"). In "The Story of Jack Spriggins" the giant is named Gogmagog.[11]

The giant's catchphrase "Fee-fi-fo-fum! I smell the blood of an Englishman" appears in William Shakespeare's King Lear (c. 1606) in the form "Fie, foh, and fum, I smell the blood of a British man" (Act 3, Scene 4),[12] and something similar also appears in "Jack the Giant Killer".

Analogies

"Jack and the Beanstalk" is an Aarne-Thompson tale-type 328, The Treasures of the Giant, which includes the Italian "Thirteenth" and the French "How the Dragon Was Tricked" tales. Christine Goldberg argues that the Aarne-Thompson system is inadequate for the tale because the others do not include the beanstalk, which has analogies in other types[13][14]

The Brothers Grimm drew an analogy between this tale and a German fairy tale, "The Devil With the Three Golden Hairs". The devil's mother or grandmother acts much like the giant's wife, a female figure protecting the child from the evil male figure.[15]

Iona and Peter Opie (The Classic Fairy Tales 1974 p.163) saw instead parallel's with the Grimm's tale 'The Flail from Heaven'.

Moral perspectivesJack running from the giant in the Red Fairy Book (1890) by Andrew Lang

The original story portrays a "hero" gaining the sympathy of a man's wife, hiding in his house, robbing him, and finally killing him. In Tabart's moralized version, a fairy woman explains to Jack that the giant had robbed and murdered his father justifying Jack's actions as retribution[16] (Andrew Lang follows this version in the Red Fairy Book of 1890). The story published by Jacobs gives no explicit justification because there was none in the version he had heard as a child, but it has a subtle retributive tone by mentioning the giant's previous meals of stolen oxen and young children.[17]

Many modern interpretations have followed Tabart and made the giant a villain, terrorizing smaller folk and stealing from them, so that Jack becomes a legitimate protagonist. For example, the 1952 film starring Abbott and Costello the giant is blamed for poverty at the foot of the beanstalk, as he has been stealing food and wealth and the hen that lays golden eggs originally belonged to Jack's family. In other versions, it is implied that the giant had stolen both the hen and the harp from Jack's father. Brian Henson's 2001 TV miniseries Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story not only abandons Tabart's additions but vilifies Jack, reflecting Jim Henson's disgust at Jack's unscrupulous actions.[18]

其他用法，請參見傑克與豆莖（消歧義）。

傑克與豆莖

米爾德里德·里昂為查爾斯·H·西爾維斯特 (1922) 的《穿越書林之旅》所作的插圖

民間故事

名稱：傑克與豆莖

又名：傑克與巨人

Aarne-Thompson 分類：AT 328（《巨人的寶藏》）

國家：英國

出版於：班傑明‧塔巴特，《傑克與豆莖的歷史》（1807）

約瑟夫‧雅各布斯，《英國童話》（1890）

相關作品：《傑克與巨人》

《傑克與豆莖》是一則起源於古代的英國童話故事。它於1734年以《傑克·斯普林斯和魔法豆的故事》為名出版[1]，1807年本傑明·塔巴特將其改編為寓意豐富的《傑克與豆莖的故事》[2]。亨利·科爾以筆名費利克斯·薩默利在《家庭寶庫》（1845年）中推廣了這個故事[3]，約瑟夫·雅各布斯則在《英國童話》（1890年）中對其進行了改寫[4]。雅各布斯的版本如今最為常見，人們認為它比塔巴特的版本更接近口頭傳說，因為它沒有說教成分[5]。在某些版本中（包括雅各布斯的版本），反派是食人魔，而在其他版本中則是巨人。

《傑克與豆莖》是「傑克故事」中最著名的故事，該系列故事的主角是典型的英國英雄和經典人物傑克[6]。

據杜倫大學和里斯本新大學的研究人員稱，這個故事起源於五千多年前的原始印歐語，基於一種廣泛流傳的古老故事形式，如今民俗學家將其歸類為ATU 328《偷走食人魔寶藏的男孩》。 [7]

故事

1854年喬治·克魯克香克繪製的傑克爬豆莖的插圖

傑克是個貧窮的鄉村男孩，他用家裡的乳牛換了一把魔豆，這讓他的寡母非常失望。魔豆長成了一棵巨大的豆莖，直插雲霄。傑克爬上豆莖，發現一條路通往一棟大房子，一個高個子女人站在房子外面。他要早餐，女人給了他一些麵包、起司和牛奶，但警告他如果不小心，自己可能會變成早餐，因為「我的男人是個食人魔，他最喜歡的就是烤麵包上的男孩。」傑克正在吃飯的時候，食人魔回家了，婦人讓傑克趕緊躲進烤箱裡。

食人魔聞到了男孩的氣息，大叫道：「費菲福姆，我聞到了英國人的血腥味！不管他是死是活，我都要用他的骨頭磨麵包！」婦人說他聞到的其實是「昨天你很喜歡的那個小男孩的殘羹剩飯」。於是食人魔吃了他的早餐——三隻烤小牛。吃完後，他拿出幾袋金子。數著金子，他睡著了。傑克悄悄地從藏身之處爬出來，拿了一袋金子，順著豆莖爬了下來。他把金子給了母親，母親非常高興。他們過了富裕的生活，直到金子快用完為止。

傑克決定再試一次，於是爬上了豆莖。他又一次在門口遇到了婦人，向她要早餐。傑克正在吃飯時，巨人回來了，傑克趕緊躲進了烤箱。巨人再次懷疑有人在裡面，但還是坐下來吃早餐──三頭烤牛。吃完後，他向妻子要「會下金蛋的母雞」。他說「下蛋！」母雞下了一個純金蛋。巨人睡著了，傑克抓起母雞，順著豆莖爬了下來。

雖然傑克和媽媽現在有了取之不盡的金蛋，但傑克並不滿足，第三次爬上了豆莖。他避開了巨人的妻子，趁她去打水的時候溜進屋裡，藏在​​銅鍋裡。巨人回家後，又一次喊著“菲菲福姆”，懷疑有人在裡面。他的妻子說，「偷了你的金子和母雞的小傢伙」可能就藏在烤箱裡。但當他們發現烤箱空空如也時，她斷定他是在聞她剛烤好的男孩的早餐味。食人魔吃完早餐後，讓妻子把他的金豎琴拿來。當他命令豎琴「唱吧！」時，豎琴奏出了美妙的樂曲。

食人魔睡著後，傑克拿著豎琴想要離開，但豎琴卻喊道：「主人！主人！」食人魔醒了過來，看到傑克逃跑。傑克被食人魔追趕，趕緊從豆莖上爬下來，然後請母親拿來一把斧子。他砍斷了豆莖，食人魔摔死了。傑克和他的母親現在非常富有，從此過著了幸福的生活，傑克還娶了一位公主。 [8]

起源

在沃爾特·克萊恩的木刻版畫中，豎琴伸出枝條，緊緊抓住藤蔓。

《傑克泉與魔幻豆的故事》於1734年由J羅伯茲在倫敦出版，收錄於《圍坐在煤火旁》第二版。 [1] 1807年，英國作家本傑明·塔巴特出版了《傑克與豆莖的故事》，該書可能由威廉·戈德溫和/或瑪麗·簡·戈德溫編輯。 [9]

這個故事比…更古老