【追書時報06 】 讀《大陸簡明英漢辭典》(1973/1988)《The Concise Oxford Dictionary》(1995年版) 談 "dust" 與 "streaking" 胡佛大壩的“除塵潛水員”The Dust-Divers of the Hoover Dam

 

《大陸簡明英漢辭典》(1973/1988)

1988年修訂版收入"streaking"：n. 裸奔【1940年代在美國流行 】頁1294

《The Concise Oxford Dictionary》1995年版，只提  "streaker" 和  "streaking" ，未解釋。相當假正經。隔年1996年就有「溫網裸體吉祥物」機械翻譯，可看 圖： https://www.facebook.com/groups/1438524067028265/posts/1843203426560325/

1996年，就在理查德·克拉吉塞克和馬利瓦伊·華盛頓的溫網男單決賽開始前，中央球場見證了歷史上最不尋常的時刻之一。當球員們準備迎接他們職業生涯中最重要的一場比賽時，23歲的梅麗莎·約翰遜突然衝上草地，身上只圍著一條白色圍裙。她咧嘴一笑，向目瞪口呆的觀眾揮手致意，然後在皇家包廂附近俏皮地轉了個圈，隨後被保安人員帶走。

習慣了溫網莊重禮儀的觀眾們，被這突如其來的景象逗得哄堂大笑。就連當天稍晚要頒獎的肯特公爵，也被拍到對這大膽的舉動報以微笑。決賽前本應是緊張莊嚴的時刻，卻意外地變成了一場超現實的滑稽鬧劇，瞬間載入了溫網史冊。

約翰遜後來解釋說，她裸奔是為了“活躍氣氛”，讓她覺得這場賽事有些沉悶。雖然她被短暫逮捕，但最終被無罪釋放，小報們還戲稱她為「溫網裸體吉祥物」。儘管理查德·克拉吉塞克最終創造了歷史，成為首位贏得溫網男單冠軍的荷蘭人，但許多現場觀眾對這位裸奔者的滑稽舉動記憶猶新，絲毫不亞於對比賽本身的印象。

丹尼爾·沃福德：那些網球選手們很高興見到她。

Naked streaker interrupts Wimbledon final

AI 根據下方貼文整理成的摘要

Ancient history

In 1996, just before the Wimbledon men’s singles final between Richard Krajicek and MaliVai Washington, Centre Court witnessed one of its most unusual moments. As the players prepared for the biggest match of their careers, 23-year-old Melissa Johnson suddenly dashed onto the grass wearing nothing but a white apron. With a grin and a wave to the stunned crowd, she spun in a playful pirouette near the royal box before security moved in to escort her away.

The crowd, accustomed to Wimbledon’s tradition of decorum, erupted into laughter at the unexpected spectacle. Even the Duke of Kent, set to present the trophies later that day, was spotted smiling at the audacious display. What should have been a tense, solemn moment before the final instead turned into a surreal burst of comic relief that instantly etched itself into the tournament’s folklore.

Johnson later explained that her streak was meant to “lighten up” what she saw as a stuffy event. Though briefly arrested, she was released without serious charges, and tabloids cheekily crowned her the “naked mascot of Wimbledon.” While Richard Krajicek went on to make history as the first Dutchman to win the singles title, many in attendance remembered the streaker’s antics just as vividly as the tennis itself.


Daniel Wafford Those tennis players are happy to see her.

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《維基百科》中文英文條目：

裸奔為脫去衣服，在公共場所裸體奔跑的行為，亦即一種公開裸露行為。

歷史

1799年6月5日，晚上7點，一名裸體男子，在倫敦的Mansion House被逮，然後被扭送Poultry Counter監獄。他承認為了10 guineas (當時的一種英國硬幣，2009: £735 )的賭注，從Cornhill裸體跑到Cheapside。[1]2010年菲律賓大學洛斯巴尼奧斯分校奉獻之跑

第一次有記載的大學生裸奔事件，發生在1804年的美國華盛頓學院（現華盛頓與李大學）。當時的大三學生喬治·威廉·克倫普，因為裸體奔跑穿越學校所在的維吉尼亞州列克星頓市而被捕。後來羅伯特·李把裸奔擁護成為華盛頓與李的年輕人的一種儀式。克倫普畢業後，後來成為美國眾議院議員和駐智利大使。

時代雜誌在1973年12月刊，稱裸奔是「洛杉磯地區日漸受歡迎的流行」，「被大學生和其他團體追捧」。一位讀者寫信回應，「大家應該知道，過去十年，裸奔給聖母大學的校園警察帶的困擾」，並指出聖母大學的一個學生團體，在1972年給「裸奔者奧運會」出資贊助的事。

裸奔的可能原因天然主義者裸體奔跑宣揚政治理念、思想或示威，如宣揚天然主義、性別平等
宗教儀式
行為藝術或戲劇演出
惡作劇、追求刺激或純粹只為好玩
與人賭博
遭人恐嚇、羞辱或洗劫
在缺乏預警、準備下緊急逃離突發的極端危險狀況，如火警
突發而強烈的情緒失控、衝動魯莽
精神病
醉酒、濫用藥物
受傷，如潘氏金福幼時照片

流行文化的延伸

後來裸奔成為一種流行用語，泛指沒有防禦的狀態。例如是一台沒有防毒軟體的電腦，在輻射地區不穿著防護服之類皆可稱為裸奔。此種用法多於中國大陸通行。

Definitions and etymology

The word has been used in its modern sense only since the 1960s. Before that, to streak in English since 1768 meant "to go quickly, to rush, to run at full speed", and was a re-spelling of streek: "to go quickly" (c. 1380); this in turn was originally a northern Middle English variant of stretch (c. 1250).[2]

In December 1973, a graduate of Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota wrote to Time magazine that the term "streaking" was coined because the nude students ran primarily during the winter months of January and February, and "unless one appeared as a streak against the landscape, the Minnesota winter was triumphant and streaker became statue."[3] The school's newspaper, The Carletonian, used the term "streaking" as early as 1967, but initially in negative terms: "Examples of [Carleton's social problems] are the large number of departing female students, the rise of class spirit, low grades, streaking, destruction, drinking, and the popularity of rock dances."[4]


定義和字源

「streak」一詞的現代意義直到20世紀60年代才開始使用。在此之前，英語中“streak”一詞自1768年起意為“快速移動、疾馳、全速奔跑”，是“streek”（意為“快速移動”，約1380年）的拼寫變體；而“streek”最初是中古英語北部地區“stretch”（約1250年）的變體。 [2]

1973 年 12 月，一位明尼蘇達州諾斯菲爾德卡爾頓學院的畢業生致信《時代》雜誌，稱“裸奔”（streaking）一詞的由來是因為裸奔的學生主要在 1 月和 2 月的冬季月份進行裸奔，“除非有人在風景中留下一道痕跡，否則明尼蘇達州的冬天就會變成卡頓，The 36 年就會變成一尊四國傳說。 Carletonian）就使用了「裸奔」（streaking）一詞，但最初是帶有負面含義：「（卡爾頓學院的社會問題）包括大量女生離校、階級意識增強、成績低下、裸奔、破壞、酗酒以及搖滾舞的流行。」[4]

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胡佛大壩的“除塵潛水員”

在1930年代初期酷熱難耐的胡佛大壩建設期間，20歲的納瓦荷族高空作業員卡洛斯承擔了一項無人願意承擔的任務。當其他人冒著生命危險攀爬到高處清理岩壁時，卡洛斯和他的團隊——主要由美洲原住民和墨西哥工人組成——則專注於深層作業。他們是“除塵潛水員”，負責潛入剛剛澆築、正在凝固的巨型大壩混凝土內部。他們的工作是利用靈敏的聽音棒和對泥土和岩石的了解，「聆聽」正在凝固的混凝土塊中出現的氣泡或薄弱點，然後用特殊的灌漿混合物將其填充。在緩慢凝固的結構內部進行這項工作令人感到幽閉恐懼。他們運用卡洛斯祖父教給他們的專注力和呼吸技巧，並用這項至關重要的隱密技能為團隊換取額外的飲用水和更安全的地面工作。卡洛斯說：「他們建造大壩的形狀，讓所有人都能看到。我們賦予它堅實的心臟，那部分無人知曉。」他們默默無聞的工作，確保了美國現代奇蹟之一的結構完整性。

The Dust-Divers of the Hoover Dam

During the construction of the Hoover Dam in the brutal heat of the early 1930s, Carlos, a 20-year-old Navajo high-scaler, performed a duty no one else would. While others braved the heights to clear rock faces, Carlos and his crew—mostly Native American and Mexican workers—specialized in the depths. They were the "Dust-Divers," tasked with descending into the freshly poured, setting concrete of the massive dam itself. Their job was to use sensitive listening rods and their knowledge of earth and stone to "hear" pockets of air or weaknesses forming within the curing monolith, which they would then fill with a special grout mixture. It was claustrophobic, terrifying work inside the slowly solidifying structure. They used rituals of focus and calming breath taught by Carlos's grandfather and traded their crucial, hidden skill for extra water rations and safer above-ground assignments for their crew. Carlos said: "They build the shape of the dam for all to see. We give it its strong heart, where no one will ever look." Their unseen work ensured the structural integrity of one of America's modern wonders.

#HooverDam #GreatDepression #LaborHistory #Engineering #IndigenousKnowledge