《到芬蘭車站-馬克思主義的起源及發展 》作者: 艾德蒙‧威爾森 譯者: 劉森堯 2000. 原著 To the Finland Station (1940) by American literary critic Edmund Wilson,
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To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History is a book by American literary critic Edmund Wilson, first published in 1940. The work presents the history of revolutionary thought and the birth of socialism, from the French Revolution through the collaboration of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to the arrival of Vladimir Lenin at the Finland Station in Saint Petersburg in 1917.
內容簡介
本書分為三部,第一部主要以十九世紀法國大歷史學家米西列為主闡述法國大革命傳統衍生而來的社會主義思想。
第二部談十九世紀歐洲社會主義起源及馬克思和恩格斯的合作過程,可以說是全書的核心部分,當然也是精華部分,馬克思主義的形成和發展,娓娓道來,不偏不倚,可謂十分的貼切中肯。本書第三部主要描述以列寧和托洛斯基為主的俄國布爾什維克共黨革命,最後革命爆發時列寧一行人從瑞士回到彼德格勒之際,讓人感覺充滿傳奇色彩,好像突然黃袍加身一般。
In his book To the Finland Station (1940), Wilson traced the course of European socialism, from the 1824 discovery by Jules Michelet of the ideas of Vico to the 1917 arrival of Vladimir Lenin at the Finland Station of Saint Petersburg to lead the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution.
The book is divided into three sections.
The first spends five of eight chapters on Jules Michelet and then discusses the "Decline of Revolutionary Tradition," referencing Ernest Renan, Hippolyte Taine, and Anatole France.
威爾遜在其著作《前往芬蘭車站》(1940年)中追溯了歐洲社會主義的歷程,從1824年儒勒·米甚萊發現維柯思想,到1917年弗拉基米爾·列寧抵達聖彼得堡芬蘭車站領導布爾什維克參加俄國革命。
本書分為三個部分。
第一部分用八章中的五章探討儒勒·米甚萊,然後探討“革命傳統的衰落”,並引用了歐內斯特·勒南、伊波利特·泰納和阿納托爾·法朗士的觀點。
The second deals with Socialism and Communism in sixteen chapters. The first four chapters discuss the "Origins of Socialism" vis-à-vis Babeuf, Saint-Simon, Fourier and Robert Owen, and Enfantin as well as the "American Socialists" Margaret Sanger and Horace Greeley. The second group of twelve chapters deal mostly with the development of thought in Karl Marx in light of his influences, partnership with Friedrich Engels and opposition from Lassalle and Bakunin.
The third spends six chapters, dealing two each on Lenin, Trotsky, and Lenin again. Important writings addressed include Lenin's "What Is to Be Done?" and Trotsky's Literature and Revolution, My Life, biography of Lenin, and The History of the Russian Revolution.
The book also mentions Eleanor Marx, Nadezhda Krupskaya, Annie Besant, Charles Bradlaugh and Georgy Gapon.
第二部分用十六章探討社會主義和共產主義。前四章探討了“社會主義的起源”,並探討了巴貝夫、圣西門、傅立葉和羅伯特·歐文、昂方坦以及“美國社會主義者”瑪格麗特·桑格和霍勒斯·格里利等人的觀點。第二部分共十二章,主要論述卡爾·馬克思的思想發展,包括他的影響、與弗里德里希·恩格斯的合作以及與拉薩爾和巴枯寧的對立。
第三部分共六章,分別用兩章論述列寧、托洛斯基和再次列寧。重要著作包括列寧的《怎麼辦? 》和托洛斯基的《文學與革命》、《我的生平》、《列寧傳》以及《俄國革命史》。
Bloodied and exiled, the Decembrists failed. But they made a start 十二月黨人浴血奮戰,流亡海外,最後失敗了。但他們踏出了第一步。
《到芬蘭車站-馬克思主義的起源及發展 》作者: 艾德蒙‧威爾森 譯者: 劉森堯 2000. 原著 To the Finland Station (1940) by American literary critic Edmund Wilson,
419頁
it as high as five millions. It organized strike relief and pre¬ vented the importation of strikebreakers. The very name of Hhe Internationa] soon became such a bogey to the employers that it had sometimes only to threaten in order to bring them around. Marx and Engels had, as it were, unexpectedly, at a time when, having resigned themselves to reaction, they were preoccupied with literary work, found themselves actually in a position of leadership of an immense proletarian move¬ ment with revolutionary possibilities. “Les choses marchent,” Marx wrote Engels in September, 1867. “And by the time of the next revolution, which may perhaps be nearer than it seems, w e (that is, you and I) have this powerful engine in our hand. Compare with this the results of Mazzinis etc. operations since 30 years! And without any financial re¬ sources! With the intrigues of the Proudhonists in Paris, of Mazzini in Italy, and of the jealous Odger, Cremer and Potter in London, with Schulze-Del [itzsch] and the Lassallians in Germany! We may consider ourselves very well satisfied!" But again, and this time with more serious results, the au¬ thority of the sedentary Marx came into conflict with an active politician, and the Marxist point of view, so rationalistic and prudent, lost its grip on a labor movement which had now reached European proportions. It was at the Congress of Bale that the Workers’ International was first captivated by Michael Bakunin. He was a member of that unfortunate generation who had come to manhood in Russia during the reign of Nicholas I. Bom on May 18, 1814, he had been eleven years old at the time of the Decembrist uprising—that upper-class conspiracy of officers and poets under the influence of Western ideas—in which the family of Bakunin’s mother had played an im¬ portant part. The Russia of Pushkin and the Decembrists, of the dawn of the great culture of modern Russia, was extin¬ guished by the thirty years of Nicholas, who aborted the intellectual movement by a terrible censorship of the press and did his best to make it difficult for Russians to circulate between Russia and Western Europe. Bakunin was a product of this frustrated movement, like his friends Turgenev and Herzen. Like them, he was driven by the oppression at home to look for freedom and light in the West, and then found himself doomed to live and work there with his mind always., fretted by the problems of Russia. Herzen said that Bakunin “had within him the latent power of a colossal activity for which there was no demand.”
本書也提及了埃莉諾·馬克思、娜傑日達·克魯普斯卡婭、安妮·貝贊特、查爾斯·布拉德勞和格奧爾基·加彭。

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