《美國文化》 /美國歷任總統/Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War, and U.S. political culture. Eisenhower in War and Peace. 總統任期1953-61

 《美國文化》 /美國歷任總統/Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War, and U.S. political culture. Eisenhower in War and Peace

Jean-Pierre Fichou 《美國文化》 (La Civilisation Americaine) ，宋亞克譯，台北：遠流，1993

這本口袋型書是本簡單的「美國文明論」(章名：主編的話-譯序；緒論；幾種類型的解說；活力論；個人主義；資政；擴張主義；結論 譯名索引)，當然值得翻譯。它的正文(含注)才138頁，另有5頁索引 (粗糙，譬如說注有引艾森豪總統的話，無此索引)。不過這是本錯誤相當多的書。推測原因是譯者對美國史很陌生，以及他對人名處理大而化之，通常只譯/寫姓；出版社無審稿制和索引編輯人；…..

人名注解錯誤至少有：德國社會學家Max Weber 弄成藝術家 (索引中的113頁無此人) ；兩位羅斯福總統搞混 ( T. Roosevelt 又名 FDR，第35頁；FDR出現在頁69，索引全弄混。同樣的，書中泰勒至少兩人，內文和索引都弄混…..) 。J. Q. Adams是美國第8任總統，不是第6任。

*****

美國歷任總統 是基本知識 包括一些父子或"家族"都當過總統的關係

譬如說 中國翻譯 Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War, and U.S. political culture

作者：Noam Chomsky 《反思肯尼迪王朝 》上海譯文 2006

將Jackson 總統的 印地安人遷徙法 翻譯成Jefferson 總統 頁7

Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War, and U.S. political culture - Google 圖書結果

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President	Political Party	Dates in Office	Vice President(s)
George Washington		1789-97	John Adams
John Adams	Federalist	1797-1801	Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson	Democratic-Republican	1801-9	Aaron Burr, 1801-5George Clinton, 1805-9
James Madison	Democratic-Republican	1809-17	George Clinton, 1809-12(no Vice President, Apr., 1812-Mar., 1813)Elbridge Gerry, 1813-14(no Vice President, Nov., 1814-Mar., 1817)
James Monroe	Democratic-Republican	1817-25	Daniel D. Tompkins
John Quincy Adams	Democratic-Republican	1825-29	John C. Calhoun
Andrew Jackson	Democratic	1829-37	John C. Calhoun, 1829-32(no Vice President, Dec., 1832-Mar., 1833)Martin Van Buren, 1833-37
Martin Van Buren	Democratic	1837-41	Richard M. Johnson
William Henry Harrison	Whig	1841	John Tyler
John Tyler	Whig	1841-45	(no Vice President)
James Knox Polk	Democratic	1845-49	George M. Dallas
Zachary Taylor	Whig	1849-50	Millard Fillmore
Millard Fillmore	Whig	1850-53	(no Vice President)
Franklin Pierce	Democratic	1853-57	William R. King, 1853(no Vice President, Apr., 1853-Mar., 1857)
James Buchanan	Democratic	1857-61	John C. Breckinridge
Abraham Lincoln	Republican	1861-65	Hannibal Hamlin, 1861-65Andrew Johnson, 1865
Andrew Johnson	Democratic/National Union	1865-69	(no Vice President)
Ulysses Simpson Grant	Republican	1869-77	Schuyler Colfax, 1869-73Henry Wilson, 1873-75(no Vice President, Nov., 1875-Mar., 1877)
Rutherford Birchard Hayes	Republican	1877-81	William A. Wheeler
James Abram Garfield	Republican	1881	Chester A. Arthur
Chester Alan Arthur	Republican	1881-85	(no Vice President)
Grover Cleveland	Democratic	1885-89	Thomas A. Hendricks, 1885(no Vice President, Nov., 1885-Mar., 1889)
Benjamin Harrison	Republican	1889-93	Levi P. Morton
Grover Cleveland	Democratic	1893-97	Adlai E. Stevenson
William McKinley	Republican	1897-1901	Garret A. Hobart, 1897-99(no Vice President, Nov., 1899-Mar., 1901)Theodore Roosevelt, 1901
Theodore Roosevelt	Republican	1901-9	(no Vice President, Sept., 1901-Mar., 1905)Charles W. Fairbanks, 1905-9
William Howard Taft	Republican	1909-13	James S. Sherman, 1909-12(no Vice President, Oct., 1912-Mar., 1913)
Woodrow Wilson	Democratic	1913-21	Thomas R. Marshall
Warren Gamaliel Harding	Republican	1921-23	Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge	Republican	1923-29	(no Vice President, 1923-25)Charles G. Dawes, 1925-29
Herbert Clark Hoover	Republican	1929-33	Charles Curtis
Franklin Delano Roosevelt	Democratic	1933-45	John N. Garner, 1933-41Henry A. Wallace, 1941-45Harry S. Truman, 1945
Harry S. Truman	Democratic	1945-53	(no Vice President, 1945-49)Alben W. Barkley, 1949-53
Dwight David Eisenhower	Republican	1953-61	Richard M. Nixon
John Fitzgerald Kennedy	Democratic	1961-63	Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson	Democratic	1963-69	(no Vice President, 1963-65)Hubert H. Humphrey, 1965-69
Richard Milhous Nixon	Republican	1969-74	Spiro T. Agnew, 1969-73(no Vice President, Oct. 10, 1973-Dec. 6, 1973)Gerald R. Ford, 1973-74
Gerald Rudolph Ford	Republican	1974-77	(no Vice President, Aug. 9, 1974-Dec. 19, 1974)Nelson A. Rockefeller, 1974-77
Jimmy Carter	Democratic	1977-81	Walter F. Mondale
Ronald Wilson Reagan	Republican	1981-89	George H.W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush	Republican	1989-93	J. Danforth Quayle
Bill Clinton	Democratic	1993-2001	Albert Gore, Jr.
George Walker Bush	Republican	2001-9	Dick Cheney
Barack Hussein Obama	Democratic	2009-	Joseph R. Biden, Jr.

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Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/president-of-the-united-states-1#ixzz1U77lMzH3

"The Battle of the Bulge cost the Germans between 80,000 and 100,000 men, plus the bulk of Hitler's armored reserve. The Wehrmacht might continue to fight a defensive war in the west, but it was no longer capable of offensive action. American losses totaled 80,987 (killed, wounded, captured, or missing), making it the most costly battle in American history since Grant's campaign in northern Virginia in 1864.

"Eisenhower is to blame for the broad-front-strategy that stretched Allied lines so thin that German armor had little difficulty breaking through. With a candor that is rare among military commanders, Ike later accepted full responsibility. 'If giving him [Hitler] that chance is to be condemned by historians, their condemnations should be directed at me alone.' Eisenhower can also be faulted for permitting the enemy to make a measured retreat from the Bulge without attempting to cut them off. Patton and Montgomery battered the Germans relentlessly, but little effort was made to prevent their retreat or to surround them.

"By the same token, Eisenhower is entitled to full credit for the victory. From the start of the German offensive, he showed a quicker grasp of the situation than any of his subordinates, and he acted decisively to contain the attack. The width of the breakthrough was restricted; the strategic reserves were quickly deployed at Bastogne and Saint-Vith, and when Bradley lost contact with the First and Ninth armies, Ike turned the American forces over the Montgomery. Perhaps above all, Eisenhower had the nerve to allow the German advance to continue until it ran out of steam, and then deliver massive counterattacks from the south under Patton, and from the north under Montgomery."

"Ulysses S. Grant, reflecting on his experience as a young lieutenant during the Mexican War, wrote the following appraisal of his commander General Zachary Taylor -- 'Old Rough and Ready': 'No soldier could face danger or responsibility more calmly than he. These qualities are more rarely found than genius or physical courage.'

"Patton and Montgomery approached the level of military genius, and their physical courage was beyond doubt. But it was Eisenhower who accepted responsibility. 'In his career as Supreme Commander there was perhaps no other time when Eisenhower revealed so clearly the greatness of his qualities,' wrote historian Chester Wilmot, who had covered the Battle of the Bulge as a war correspondent."

-- Jean Edward Smith, in his book Eisenhower in War and Peace

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馮光遠

（編按：選戰期間，有次連勝文回答趙少康有關中韓通過FTA的提問，整個回覆，他的每個字、每一句大家其實都聽得懂，可是就是不知道他在講什麼。我於是寫了篇短文，把Noam Chomsky（杭士基）的一句話跟連勝文「神回答」擺在一起講，杭士基的那句話：「Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.」其中的文法結構完全無誤，可是你就是不知道這句話在講什麼。
今天，我特別將1992年1月出版的《給我報報001》其中一篇文章刊在此，旨在說明，杭士基的那個概念，二十多年前，就已經影響了我的報報體白目寫作。）

【假日後症候群之探討與透視──兼論中、西醫之異同與整合】

最近幾年，由於解嚴、解禁的關係，我們的社會滋生出一種新的疾病，這就是許多人聞之色變的「假日後症候群」，這種疾病，根據最新的統計，它危害社會與民族，其威力竟然不亞於投擲於日本廣島的原子彈。

「假日後症候群」（以下簡稱「Z」）的成因，中、西醫的看法截然不同。（其實，中、西醫的看法什麼時候截然相同過？中醫的手指和西醫的聽筒竟然扮演相同的角色，這也實在太離奇了吧？）中醫普遍認為，Z之所以形成，還是和「氣」有關係，也就是說，任、督二脈沒有打通的關係。

任、督二脈沒有打通，有時嚴重起來就很嚴重了，這是中醫界普遍的看法，仔細研究這種講法，竟然也言之成理。

可是西醫界偏說，Z的成因乃是濾過性病毒引起，因此，Z是傳染起來極為可怕的一種疾病，有時嚴重起來也的確很嚴重，這種西醫界普遍的看法，仔細研究起來，竟然也言之成理。（噢！這是多麼諷刺的巧合啊！中醫與西醫，有點「漢賊不兩立」味道的這兩大著名學術團體，在此，1991年的2月，竟然冤家路窄地有著幾乎相同的見解，即，「嚴重起來也的確很嚴重」。）

不過，不論Z之成因為何，和中醫及西醫都沒有關係的企業主管們則普遍認為，Z之危害社會與民族，其威力實在不亞於投擲於日本長崎的原子彈。

廣島與長崎，都曾經挨過原子彈，這是全世界人民都承認的一個事實，由此推之，Z之危害我社會與我民族，便也成了全世界必須承認的一個事實。

如果（記著，我說「如果」），如果廣島與長崎當初沒有挨過原子彈，那，這又將是一個截然不同的論戰了，而這論戰，我們有理由相信，絕對不亞於解嚴、解禁之前曾經發生過的鄉土派與現代派之間的論戰。

再回過頭來談Z吧。

Z的治療，中、西醫之間的看法，不用我贅述，當然還是截然不同。

中醫普遍認為，要治療Z，以針灸和推拿混和使用的療法基本上是可行的，當然，如果治療時再配合一指神功及瑜珈氣功原理，則百分之七十八的病人，將有治癒的機會。

西醫則普遍以為，要治療Z，非乞求弗洛依德學派一脈相傳之弗氏原理方得成其功。當然，在治療過程中，稍有不慎，整排牙齒都會掉光（即俗稱之牙周病）。

（中、西醫看法之迥異，於此再得到證明。）

不過，不論中、西醫如何治療Z，與中醫及西醫都沒有淵源之企業主管們則普遍認為，最有效的Z療法，即是將其開除。

這當然是簡單、明瞭多了，據說也頗有效。

最後，在討論「假日後症候群」的同時，我們還不能忽略的是，如果一個辦公室有八人以上患上此病，則辦公室的景象將是：

Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z …………。

（圖片取材自杭士基網站，攝影者為Oliver Abraham。）