時鐘滴答作響，關稅上調的徵兆卻不明朗。
圖片
幾輛卡車在路上排成一排。
墨西哥與墨西哥達成貿易協議的最後期限被延長。圖片來源：Sandy Huffaker/法新社 — Getty Images
週四，川普總統同意墨西哥推遲90天提高關稅，並表示兩國將努力透過談判達成貿易協議。但世界其他大部分地區仍懸而未決，各國仍在觀望總統威脅將於午夜實施的螺旋式關稅是否會生效，以及如果生效，美國將對進口產品徵收多少關稅。
隨著總統實現其重塑全球貿易體系的願景，數十個國家將於週五凌晨0:01開始徵收高額關稅，而長期以來，他一直批評該體係不公平。儘管美國政府已在總統的社交媒體帳戶或情況說明書中披露了部分國家的關稅稅率，但距離預定截止日期僅剩幾個小時，進出口商將某些商品運過美國邊境所需支付的具體稅率仍不清楚。
白宮新聞秘書卡洛琳·萊維特週四表示，美國政府的貿易團隊正在討論關稅稅率，總統將於今天下午晚些時候或晚上簽署一項行政命令，以確定進口稅。她表示，美國已與許多主要貿易夥伴達成協議，並向其他17個國家發出了信函，告知它們將面臨的關稅稅率。
萊維特女士表示：「其餘尚未達成協議或已收到信函的國家，將在今晚午夜截止日期前收到本屆政府的通知。」她表示，更多貿易協定可能會在截止日期前宣布。
川普政府目前已宣布與英國、印尼、菲律賓、日本、韓國和歐盟等少數貿易夥伴達成初步貿易協議。儘管協議中許多具體條款仍不明確，但各國普遍承諾購買大量美國能源和飛機，投資美國工廠，並降低對美國農產品和工業品出口的障礙。
最近幾週同意這些初步協議的國家將被徵收10%至20%的關稅，低於總統最初威脅的水平，但仍遠高於歷史水平。尚未達成協議的國家預計將面臨高達50%的關稅，這可能會嚴重打擊其出口，並大幅增加美國消費者的成本。
週四，川普在其社交媒體帳戶上寫道，他已與墨西哥總統克勞迪婭·申鮑姆結束通話，並同意暫停對墨西哥的任何關稅升級90天，「目標是簽署一項貿易協議」。他沒有提及美國、墨西哥和加拿大之間現有的貿易協議，該協議是川普在其第一任期內更新並簽署的。
當天上午早些時候，總統在社交媒體上寫道：“關稅讓美國再次變得偉大和富裕。”
「情況已經徹底逆轉，美國成功抵禦了針對它的關稅攻勢，」他寫道。
本週，美國高級官員也在斯德哥爾摩與中國官員會面，討論延長將於8月12日到期的貿易休戰協議。儘管中國官員隨後表示，他們已確保任何關稅上調都將延長90天，但美國官員表示，最終決定權在川普先生手中。財政部長斯科特貝森特週四在CNBC上表示，延期的可能性很高。
「我們雙方之間仍有一些技術細節需要中方商定，」貝森特先生說。 “我相信這一定會實現，但還沒有完全實現。”
前貿易官員、Wiley Rein律師事務所律師格雷塔·M·佩施表示，政府一直在說8月1日是「一個真正的最後期限，關稅將會上調」。
然而，她表示，對於那些尚未降低關稅的國家來說，仍有可能「達成協議並進行談判。我認為他們不會關閉這扇大門」。
政府曾表示，其貿易協定將為美國農民和工廠打開海外市場，並促進美國的繁榮。但這些關稅面臨潛在的法律障礙。週四，一家聯邦上訴法院審理了由各州和企業最初提起的訴訟，這些企業認為總統頒佈如此全面的關稅超越了其法律權限。
對於那些依賴國際業務的公司來說，在不到12小時內，究竟哪些規則將規範國際貿易，仍有許多疑問。
Miller & Chevalier Chartered 律師事務所海關律師 Richard A. Mojica 表示，任何變更要真正生效，美國都需要正式修改其關稅表。
「在此之前，
Clock ticks toward higher tariffs with little clarity.
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Mexico had an extended deadline for a trade deal.Credit...Sandy Huffaker/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesPresident Trump on Thursday granted Mexico a 90-day delay on higher tariffs and said the two countries would try to negotiate a trade deal. But much of the rest of the world remained in limbo as countries waited to see if the spiraling tariffs the president has threatened to put in place as of midnight would go into effect and, if so, how much the United States would charge on imports.
Steep tariffs on dozens of countries are set to snap into place at 12:01 a.m. Friday, as the president realizes his vision for remaking a global trading system he has long criticized as unfair. But although the administration has disclosed some tariff rates for countries on the president’s social media account or in fact sheets, the specific rates that importers and exporters will need to pay to move certain goods across U.S. borders remain unclear, with just hours to go before the planned deadline.
Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, said Thursday that the administration’s trade team was discussing tariff rates and that the president would be signing an executive order establishing the import taxes later this afternoon or evening. She said the United States had struck deals with many major trading partners and sent out another 17 letters to countries informing them of the tariff rates they would face.
“The rest of those countries that either do not have a deal or have a letter, they will be hearing from this administration by the midnight deadline tonight,” Ms. Leavitt said. She said more trade agreements could be announced before the deadline.
The Trump administration has now announced preliminary trade deals with a handful of trading partners, including Britain, Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, South Korea and the European Union. Though many of the specific provisions in the deals remain unclear, the countries have generally promised to purchase vast amounts of American energy and airplanes, make investments in U.S. factories and lower their barriers to U.S. exports of farm and industrial goods.
Countries that have agreed to these preliminary deals in recent weeks are set to be subject to tariffs of between 10 to 20 percent, lower than what the president threatened originally but still vastly higher than historical levels. Those that have not agreed to deals are expected to face tariffs of up to 50 percent, which could cripple their exports and significantly raise costs for American consumers.
On Thursday, Mr. Trump wrote on his social media account that he had concluded a call with Claudia Sheinbaum, Mexico’s president, and agreed to pause any escalation in tariffs on Mexico for 90 days, “with the goal of signing a Trade Deal.” He did not mention the existing trade deal between the United States, Mexico and Canada, which he updated and signed in his first term.
Earlier that morning, the president wrote on social media that, “Tariffs are making America GREAT & RICH Again.”
“The tide has completely turned, and America has successfully countered this onslaught of Tariffs used against it,” he wrote.
Top U.S. officials also met with their Chinese counterparts in Stockholm this week to discuss extending a trade truce that expires Aug. 12. While Chinese officials said afterward they had secured a 90-day extension on any tariff increase, U.S. officials said the decision was up to Mr. Trump. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said on CNBC on Thursday that an extension was likely.
“There’s still a few technical details to be worked out on the Chinese side between us,” Mr. Bessent said. “I’m confident that it will be done, but it’s not 100 percent done.”
Greta M. Peisch, a former trade official and an attorney at Wiley Rein, said that the administration had been saying that Aug. 1 was “a real deadline and that tariffs will go up.”
However, she said, there was still likely to be “deal making and opportunity for negotiations for those countries who haven’t lowered their tariffs to come in and do so. I don’t think they’re going to close the door to it.”
The administration has said that its trade deals will open foreign markets for U.S. farmers and factories and boost American prosperity. But the tariffs face potential legal obstacles. On Thursday, a federal appeals court heard arguments in a case first brought by states and businesses that say the president exceeded his authority under law by issuing such sweeping duties.
For companies that depend on international business, many questions remain about exactly what rules will govern international trade in fewer than 12 hours.
Richard A. Mojica, a customs attorney at Miller & Chevalier Chartered, said that in order for any change to actually go into effect, the United States would need to officially modify its tariff schedule.
“Until that happens, there is no change,” he said.
His law firm had constructed a complex flow chart to try to counsel companies that were trying to figure out how to calculate the various new tariffs they would pay, which he said was “not as simple as it has been historically.”
“It’s just a very complicated landscape,” he said.
Robert Stein, a licensed customs broker and the vice president of Braumiller Consulting Group, said he was on “pins and needles” waiting to see what the administration would put out. Until then, he was advising clients to hold off on shipments if they could, or consider flexible strategies to bring products into the country.
Unlike past trade agreements, none of the deals that the Trump administration announced have defined so-called rules of origin, which tell companies how much of a product needs to be made within a certain country to be considered as coming from there.
The president has also said that his deals would include higher tariff rates for “transshipped” items that contain a certain amount of content from nonmarket economies, like China. That could include electronics or sneakers made in Indonesia with Chinese parts or materials. But the administration has not said what that percentage of content will be.
The administration has also not clarified whether the new tariff rates would be in addition to or replace previous tariff rates negotiated at the World Trade Organization.
Mr. Stein said there was little clarity to provide to firms.
“We don’t really know,” he said. “There is not much written basis to tell anyone anything.”Show more
Trump’s new trade deals and tariffs with every country ›
New rate
New tariff threat
Baseline or paused rates
Preliminary deal
Mexico
China
Canada
Japan
Viet.
S. Korea
India
E.U.
Britain
Thai.
Brazil
Indonesia
Col.
Australia
Tur.
S. Africa
Philippines
Iraq
Arg.
Algeria
Kaz.
Libya
MapSize by 2024 imports
2 Temporary truceMexico
China
17 Renewed tariff threatCanada
India
Malaysia
South Africa
Bangladesh
Iraq
Sri Lanka
Algeria
Kazakhstan
Libya
Tunisia
Serbia
Laos
Myanmar
Brunei
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Moldova
35 Preliminary deal reachedGermany
Japan
Vietnam
South Korea
Ireland
Italy
Britain
Thailand
France
Netherlands
Indonesia
Belgium
Spain
Sweden
Austria
Philippines
Poland
Cambodia
Hungary
Denmark
Slovakia
Finland
Czechia
Portugal
Slovenia
Romania
Greece
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Estonia
Croatia
Luxembourg
Latvia
Malta
Cyprus
31 Reciprocal tariff pausedTaiwan
Switzerland
Israel
Norway
Venezuela
Nigeria
Guyana
Pakistan
Nicaragua
Jordan
Angola
Cote d'Ivoire
Madagascar
Botswana
Dem. Rep. Congo
Namibia
Fiji
Cameroon
Liechtenstein
Lesotho
Mauritius
Mozambique
North Macedonia
Zambia
Equatorial Guinea
Chad
Zimbabwe
Malawi
Vanuatu
Syria
Nauru
107 Paying baseline tariffSingapore
Colombia
Australia
Turkey
Chile
Saudi Arabia
Costa Rica
Peru
Ecuador
United Arab Emirates
Dominican Republic
Argentina
New Zealand
Honduras
Guatemala
Trinidad and Tobago
Russia
Egypt
El Salvador
Morocco
Qatar
Bahamas
Kuwait
Oman
Uruguay
Bahrain
Ghana
Ukraine
Iceland
Kenya
Haiti
Panama
Bolivia
Ethiopia
Jamaica
Paraguay
Lebanon
Senegal
Tanzania
Gabon
Georgia
Azerbaijan
Uganda
Albania
Armenia
Nepal
Suriname
Togo
Belize
Papua New Guinea
Liberia
Benin
Barbados
Monaco
Uzbekistan
Djibouti
Kosovo
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
Maldives
Mongolia
San Marino
Antigua and Barbuda
Eswatini
Afghanistan
Belarus
Marshall Islands
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Kyrgyzstan
Montenegro
Turkmenistan
Grenada
Sudan
Yemen
Niger
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Lucia
Iran
Guinea
Timor-Leste
Samoa
Mali
Cuba
Tajikistan
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Burundi
Andorra
Bhutan
Mauritania
Tonga
Somalia
Micronesia
Palau
Dominica
Gambia
Comoros
Central African Republic
Solomon Islands
Eritrea
South Sudan
Kiribati
Sao Tome and Principe
Tuvalu
Guinea-Bissau
North Korea
Republic of the Congo
1 undefinedBrazil
By Lazaro Gamio and Tony Romm
July 31, 2025, 1:46 p.m. ET4 hours ago
Tony Romm
With many nations awaiting word about the tariffs they will soon face, Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, told reporters during a briefing that foreign leaders would be “hearing from this administration by the midnight deadline tonight.”
Leavitt added that the president would be “signing an executive order at some point this afternoon or later this evening” imposing the new tariff rates.
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