A powerful new explanation of China's rise that draws from the business world to show that China is not simply copying established great powers, but exploiting geopolitical opportunities around the world that those other powers had ignored.
Thirty years ago, the idea that China could challenge the United States economically, globally, and militarily seemed unfathomable. Yet today, China is considered another great power in the international system. How did China manage to build power, from a weaker resource position, in an international system that was dominated by the U.S.? What factors determined the strategies Beijing pursued to achieve this feat?
Using granular data and authoritative Chinese sources, Oriana Skylar Mastro demonstrates that China was able to climb to great power status through a careful mix of strategic emulation, exploitation, and entrepreneurship on the international stage. This “upstart approach” ― determined by where and how China chose to compete ― allowed China to rise economically, politically, and militarily, without triggering a catastrophic international backlash that would stem its rise. China emulated (i.e. pursued similar strategies to the U.S. in similar areas) when its leaders thought doing so would build power, while reassuring the U.S. of its intentions. China exploited (i.e. adopted similar approaches to the U.S. in new areas of competition) when China felt that the overall U.S. strategy was effective, but didn't want to risk direct confrontation. Lastly, China pursued entrepreneurial actions (i.e. innovative approaches to new and existing areas of competition) when it believed emulation might elicit a negative reaction and a more effective approach was available. Beyond explaining the unique nature of China's rise, Upstart: How China Became a Great Power provides policy guidance on how the U.S. can maintain a competitive edge in this new era of great power competition.
本書對中國崛起進行了強有力的全新解讀，借鑒商界經驗，顯示中國並非簡單地複製既有大國，而是在世界各地積極探索其他大國忽視的地緣政治機會。
30年前，中國能夠在經濟、全球和軍事上挑戰美國的想法似乎令人難以置信。然而，如今，中國已被視為國際體系中的另一個大國。在一個由美國主導的國際體系中，中國是如何從資源較弱的情況建構起實力的？哪些因素決定了北京為實現這一目標所採取的戰略？
奧莉安娜·斯凱拉·馬斯特羅運用詳盡的數據和權威的中國資料，揭示了中國能夠透過在國際舞台上巧妙地結合戰略模仿、開拓和創業精神，最終躋身大國行列。這種「新貴模式」——由中國選擇的競爭領域和方式決定——使中國在經濟、政治和軍事上崛起，且沒有引發阻礙其崛起的災難性國際反彈。當中國領導人認為效法美國能夠增強實力，同時又能向美國保證其意圖時，中國便會效仿（即在類似領域採取與美國類似的戰略）。當中國認為美國的整體戰略有效，但又不願冒險與美國直接對抗時，中國便會利用美國（即在新的競爭領域採取與美國類似的策略）。最後，當中國認為效法可能引發負面反應，且有更有效的方法時，中國便會採取創業行動（即在新的和現有的競爭領域採取創新方法）。 《崛起：中國如何成為大國》除了闡釋中國崛起的獨特性之外，也為美國如何在大國競爭的新時代保持競爭優勢提供了政策指引。
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