名門 威斯敏斯特門 Pantheon, Rome,萬神殿 (羅馬) 一些記錄 (1999-2013)哈德良的萬神殿Hadrian's Pantheon也是根據畢達哥拉斯Pythagoras數字命理學建造的。 Disegno angelico e non umano.The Oldest Door Still in Use: Pantheon’s Bronze Entrance, Rome, Italy.仍在使用的最古老的門：義大利羅馬萬神殿的青銅入口

 威斯敏斯特千年古門：英格蘭最古老的門

（英國倫敦 — 約西元1050年）

在威斯敏斯特教堂幽暗的殿堂裡，國王和詩人長眠於哥德式拱門之下，矗立著一扇古老的遺跡──一扇近千年前雕刻而成的木門。這扇非凡的文物被稱為威斯敏斯特門，其歷史可追溯至西元1050年左右，由英格蘭最後一位撒克遜國王－懺悔者愛德華統治時期所打造。它建造於征服者威廉踏上英格蘭土地的幾十年前，當時的倫敦還只是一個河畔小鎮，而威斯敏斯特教堂本身也還是一座本篤會修道院。

這扇由一整棵橡木雕刻而成的門，經歷了九個多世紀的英格蘭歷史：入侵、瘟疫、加冕和戰爭。它曾是修道院最初的入口之一，一扇簡樸而堅固的門，見證著僧侶、國王和朝聖者從門下穿過。

幾個世紀以來，它的年代幾乎只剩下傳說。直到2005年，牛津大學的科學家決定揭開真相。他們運用樹木年輪學——一種研究樹木年輪模式的方法——分析了這扇門的木材，並確定了它的砍伐時間。

他們的研究結果令人震驚：這扇橡木門是在公元1032年至1064年間砍伐的，與懺悔者愛德華時期修道院的建造時間完全吻合。這意味著，你今天仍然可以觸摸到的這扇門，是在黑斯廷斯戰役（1066年）之前——在諾曼騎士改變英國歷史進程之前——建造的。

這扇門高約七英尺半，寬約四英尺，樸素無華，卻以其簡潔有力地展現力量。粗壯的鐵箍和釘子將粗糙的橡木板牢牢固定在一起，這些木板已被幾個世紀的風吹日曬和燭煙熏黑。每一道木紋都承載著中世紀工匠的精湛技藝－手工打造，堅固耐用，歷久不衰。

如今，這扇古老的門靜靜地矗立在通往教堂會議廳的門廳裡，成千上萬的遊客從這裡經過，或許他們並未意識到，自己正站在英國現存最古老的門前。

它不只是一件建築作品，更是一扇通往時光的門戶。在它飽經風霜的表面之下，蘊藏著近千年的記憶：僧侶們低聲祈禱的吟誦，國王加冕的鐘聲，以及英國歷史綿延不絕的傳承。

在這個瞬息萬變的世界裡，威斯敏斯特門依然靜靜地佇立著，堅固而永恆。

#歷史 #故事 #威斯敏斯特 #fblifestyle #歷史趣聞 #倫敦

The Thousand-Year Door of Westminster: England’s Oldest Portal

(London, England — c.1050 CE)

Within the shadowed halls of Westminster Abbey, where kings and poets sleep beneath Gothic arches, stands a relic so ancient that even the stones around it seem young a wooden door carved almost a thousand years ago.

Known simply as the Westminster Door, this remarkable artifact dates back to around 1050 CE, crafted during the reign of Edward the Confessor, one of England’s last Saxon kings. It was built decades before William the Conqueror set foot on English soil when London was a small riverside settlement and the abbey itself was still a Benedictine monastery.

The door, carved from a single oak tree, has endured more than nine centuries of English history: invasions, plagues, coronations, and wars. It once served as one of the abbey’s original entrances a simple, sturdy guardian that saw monks, kings, and pilgrims pass beneath its frame.

For centuries, its age was little more than legend. Then, in 2005, scientists from the University of Oxford decided to uncover the truth. They used dendrochronology the study of tree-ring patterns to analyze the wood and determine when it was cut.

Their results were astonishing: the oak had been felled between 1032 and 1064 CE, perfectly matching the construction of the original abbey under Edward the Confessor. That means the door you can still touch today was made before the Battle of Hastings (1066) — before Norman knights changed the course of English history.

Measuring roughly seven and a half feet tall and four feet wide, the door is unadorned yet powerful in its simplicity. Thick iron bands and nails hold its rough oak planks together, blackened by centuries of air and candle smoke. Every grain of the wood bears the marks of medieval craftsmanship hand-hewn, sturdy, meant to last.

Today, the ancient door resides quietly in the vestibule leading to the Chapter House, passed by thousands of visitors who may not realize they are standing before the oldest surviving door in Britain.

It’s more than a piece of architecture it’s a portal through time. Behind its worn surface lies nearly a millennium of memory: the whispers of monks in prayer, the coronation bells of kings, and the unbroken continuity of English history.

In a world that changes every generation, the Westminster Door still stands silent, solid, and timeless

#history #stories #westminster #fblifestyle #historyfacts #london

Pantheon, Rome,萬神殿 (羅馬) 一些記錄 (1999-2013)Disegno angelico e non umano.The Oldest Door Still in Use: Pantheon’s Bronze Entrance, Rome, Italy.仍在使用的最古老的門：義大利羅馬萬神殿的青銅入口  

Pantheon, Rome, Thomas Struth, 1990.

Thomas Struth (German, born 1954) | Pantheon, Rome | 1990 | Private collection, New York | © Thomas Struth

賴老師2000年前的羅馬之旅引發一些隨感

底下是我10-15年前的一些關於萬神殿的筆記

為確定它是羅馬的萬神殿 我再去Wikipedia一次.

這回的外部全景圖也很特別 因為書本多以內部為主.

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome

其實 我約10年前上安藤忠雄的英文網 他寫下一些感想(當然都忘了)

當然也讀過它與天文學的故事……

雜談《品質史》（四）－希臘羅馬品質成就
萬神殿及劇場
    有位顧問到我辦公室來，他不了解：為何在廿一世紀仍要談二千年前的品管及技術？我笑說，在經營型態上，三千年前埃及的小工廠，可能與今日台灣的小型企業差 不多，更何況談工作，談品質，也不見得今日勝遠古：我們只是在大量生產方式上比古人較上到點，即，今天重"量"而非重"質"。
    這次先談羅馬萬神殿（The Pantheon）的品質。羅馬帝國不是一天造成的，它的馬路、給水、都市計劃、建造等，質量俱佳，背後有很強的標準化合理思想。萬神殿（廟）也是當時人們追求人與自然、人與"眾神"之力量相結合的"地方'。
    從公元前二百年前起，世界上最傑出的工匠都聚集到羅馬。他們在義大利的保護人的智謀和思想的強烈引導下，有番創新事業：通常每座建築和藝術品都體現了各方 面的思想。鑑賞羅馬藝術的方法，便是了解他們如何改造世界之精華，使其為他們自己的目的服務—其目的既新而又能激動人心。
    羅馬萬神殿約建於西元117年，西元126－8年起用（原建物建於公元前27年為火災所毀）。彼時的皇帝為Hadrian，原建築師不詳。
它是極重要，極有影響力的建築。可惜，不知怎的，名著《An Outline Of European Architecture》中未載。羅馬導遊書都會說：「它是最莊重的，也是古羅馬文明保存最好的紀念性建築。」
它 為一了不起的建築物，技術高超，人們也驚嘆它實現了以「一枚岩來當天蓋」的大膽假設。建築物的後部為圓形設置，而前部為由16柱紅灰色的巨大一體花崗研圓 柱所做的神殿。內部設計為圓周形，球形天井的「鏡版」之韻律，由中央開的天窗下降之光，極壯麗，與建物之質量極調和。周圍又有七個凹所（禮拜堂），其上又 有八小禮拜堂交錯。（最左凹所有主要祭壇，內有羅馬時代復仇者像……，神殿的磚上有印，使人了解建造於西元118－125 。它的圓頂直徑43.50米，直到1958年才為巴黎的CNIT所超越）。在這大工程背後，營建工人的管理、和協調很重要（The Building Yard），各種標準化（含量測、材料、工法等等）都要健全。
   
    The Pantheon－Design, Meaning, and Progeny一書以米開蘭基羅的話Disegno angelico e non umano（有人知道此句請賜知）結束。
    。除了 Juran主編的《品質史》外，主要參考
W. L. Macdonald（1976）"The Pantheon－Design, Meaning, and Progeny" Harvard University Press
M. Colledge（1978）"How to Recognize Roman Art" Penguin Books及
《羅馬藝術的鑑賞》北京大學出版社中譯（1988），
薩莫森著（J.  Summerson，1980）《建築的古典語言》中國藝術學院（1994），
《古羅馬榮光Ⅰ，Ⅱ》遠流，內容豐富。
---上文以雜談《品質史》（四）－希臘羅馬品質成就  上網(1999/09)

2001年我有回音，詳下文中文。我還寫信報告:
requests for help
# Date: Wed, 03 Jan 2001 08:37:37 +0800

Dear Denizens,
The internet is rewarding in certain way. I put one sentence by
Michealangelo in my website  on Sep. 1999, to ask who know 'Disegno
angelico e non umano' meant. This week I got the answer.
I like to ask the knowledge base here for some help. One of our research
agenda this year is to elaborate the last sentences of OOTC about
malpractices and other issues in our medical systems. This idea was
reinforced by reading the following two books,
W. G. Manning et al 'The Costs of Poor Health Habits' ,Harvard Univ.
Press, 1991
Geoffrey Rose 'The Strategy of Preventive Medicine' ,Oxford University
Press 1992
Since I am quite a naive student in this domain, I like to invite your
suggestions and advices for this project. We'll base on our study to
have a course about the 'healthy individuals and organizations' in one
of our local schools.
Thanks.
Hanching Chung

2004/12/14 我報導：

1999年9月，我寫篇介紹萬神殿的文章。提出一句卷末的意大利文，我不懂，向可能的讀者求教。也許兩年之後，一位年青朋友說：
『針對1999/09《The Pantheon》以米開蘭基羅的話Disegno angelico e non umano（有人知道此句請賜知）這句話，我在另一網站有看到其解釋，「這是天使建造的」，特提出以提供參考。from：小葉的窩』
2004/12/13 我再訪http://www.taconet.com.tw/bogod 的「古老的傳說」。知道它是葉高雄先生的網址。【萬神殿是古羅馬建築中，品質最佳、保存得最完整的建築物。這是為了祭祀萬神，於西元前２７年，由阿格利帕 興建的。其後於１１９－１２８年，哈德連皇帝將之修改為現今的模樣。據傳，當米開朗基羅見到這座教堂時，不禁發出「這是天使建造的」的感言。走進萬神殿， 每個人的目光都會被圓頂的大洞所吸引。此洞稱為「眼」，直徑９公尺，是由外部取光，殿內唯一的窗戶。大圓頂的直徑４３.３公尺，比聖彼得大教堂４２公尺的 圓頂略勝一籌。義大利統一後，萬神殿成為國王的陵墓所在，除此，還埋葬一些偉大的義大利的藝術家，其中以拉斐爾最著名。】
1999年，我可能還不懂得google（可能也不會中文打字），所以不會上網查The Pantheon
 http://gnv.fdt.net/~aabbeama/Christmas/Pantheon.html
2004年張瑞麟先生幫我解字
RL's inputs:
re: Disegno angelico e non umano
disegno = drawing ; outline, design, scheme
angelico → angèlico = cherubic
e = and, plus
non = no, not
umano = human; humanely
2008年七月- Google Books Result 有資料
A Journey Into Michelangelo's Rome
by Angela K. Nickerson - 2008 - Travel - 180 pages
Michelangelo, an ardent admirer of the Pantheon, attributed its power to disegno angelico e non umano (angelic and not human design). ...
A Journey Into Michelangelo's Rome - Google Books Result

2013補

Disegno angelico e non umano

The Global Built Environment as a Representation of Realities: Why ... - Page 31 - Google Books Result

books.google.com.tw/books?isbn=9087280637

Aart J. J. Mekking, Eric Roose - 2009 - Architecture

He advised doing away with the 'non-classical' towers and instead, ... prefer the centralizing 'disegno angelico e non umano' ('angelic, non- human design,' of ...

National Gallery of Art

Some interiors captivate us because of their monumental architecture. The Pantheon was one of the great tourist attractions of Rome in Panini's day, as it is in our own. Panini was trained in architecture and theatrical design. What do you notice about the perspective he has used here?

‪#‎ArtAtoZ‬ ‪#‎Interior‬

Giovanni Paolo Panini, "Interior of the Pantheon, Rome," c. 1734, oil on canvas http://1.usa.gov/1iBVrTI

----

仍在使用的最古老的門：義大利羅馬萬神殿的青銅入口

羅馬萬神殿是古羅馬保存最完好的古蹟之一，裡面收藏著一件非凡的文物——其入口處的**青銅門**。這些宏偉的門高約 7.5 米，厚約 1.5 米，經受住了近**1,900 年**時間的考驗，是**至今仍在使用的最古老的門**。

這些門是在皇帝哈德良統治時期（約公元 115 年）用青銅鑄造的，是他雄心勃勃的萬神殿重建項目的一部分，將其改造成了我們今天看到的建築傑作。這對巨大的門最初是供奉羅馬諸神的一座寺廟的入口，見證了羅馬幾個世紀以來的帝國、宗教和革命的演變。

雖然隨著時間的推移，人們對其進行了改造以加固其結構，但門本身仍然保留了古老的工藝。其精巧的設計與萬神殿標誌性的圓頂相結合，展現了古羅馬的工程智慧和藝術卓越性。

萬神殿繼續發揮**教堂、陵墓和歷史地標**的作用，而這些青銅門依然是實用而具有像徵意義的門戶，連接著現代世界與古代的輝煌。

圖片歸屬於各自的所有者。

NHK WORLD-日本中文 -

The Oldest Door Still in Use: Pantheon’s Bronze Entrance, Rome, Italy

The Pantheon in Rome, one of the best-preserved monuments of ancient Rome, houses a remarkable artifact—the **bronze doors** of its entrance. These magnificent doors, measuring about 7.5 meters tall and 1.5 meters thick, have stood the test of time for nearly **1,900 years**, making them the **oldest doors still in use today**.

Cast in bronze during Emperor **Hadrian’s reign** (circa 115 AD), these doors were part of his ambitious reconstruction of the Pantheon, transforming it into the architectural masterpiece we see today. Originally serving as an entrance to a temple dedicated to all Roman gods, the massive doors have since witnessed Rome’s evolution through centuries of empires, religions, and revolutions.

While modifications have been made over time to reinforce their structure, the doors themselves retain their ancient craftsmanship. Their intricate design, combined with the Pantheon’s iconic dome, showcases the engineering ingenuity and artistic excellence of ancient Rome.

The Pantheon continues to serve as a **church, tomb, and historical landmark**, and these bronze doors remain a functional and symbolic gateway, connecting the modern world with the grandeur of antiquity.

Image credit to respective owner.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras

The emperor Hadrian's Pantheon in Rome was also built based on Pythagorean numerology.^[251] The temple's circular plan, central axis, hemispherical dome, and alignment with the four cardinal directions symbolize Pythagorean views on the order of the universe.^[267] The single oculus at the top of the dome symbolizes the monad and the sun-god Apollo.^[268] The twenty-eight ribs extending from the oculus symbolize the moon, because twenty-eight was the same number of months on the Pythagorean lunar calendar.^[269] The five coffered rings beneath the ribs represent the marriage of the sun and moon.^[137]


Hadrian's Pantheon in Rome, depicted in this eighteenth-century painting by Giovanni Paolo Panini, was built according to Pythagorean teachings.[251]

羅馬皇帝哈德良的萬神殿也是根據畢達哥拉斯數字命理學建造的。寺廟的圓形平面圖、中心軸、半球形圓頂以及與四個基本方向的對齊象徵著畢達哥拉斯對宇宙秩序的看法。圓頂頂部的單一圓形天窗象徵單子和太陽神阿波羅。從圓形天窗延伸出的二十八條肋骨象徵月亮，因為二十八與畢達哥拉斯陰曆的月份數相同。肋骨下方的五個格子環代表太陽和月亮的結合。

拉斐爾的《雅典學院》中的場景展現了畢達哥拉斯作為一個禿頭、留著鬍鬚的男人用羽毛筆在書上寫字的場景。他身穿長袖束腰外衣，斗篷搭在腿上，跪著寫字，用左大腿支撐著書本。在他面前，一個長髮男孩向他展示了一塊黑板，上面畫著七弦琴的示意圖，下方是四方格的符號。阿威羅伊是個典型的中東人，留著小鬍子，戴著頭巾，他從左肩後面探出頭來，而另一位留著大鬍子、身著古典服裝的禿頂哲學家，可能是阿那克薩哥拉，則從他的右肩後面探出頭來，在一個小得多的記事本上做著筆記。男孩身後站著一個長髮女人，穿著白色斗篷。

在拉斐爾的壁畫《雅典學院》中，畢達哥拉斯正在一本書中寫作，一位年輕人向他展示了一塊石板，石板上畫著一把七弦琴的示意圖，下方是一幅神聖的四方柱圖畫。

In Raphael's fresco The School of Athens, Pythagoras is shown writing in a book as a young man presents him with a tablet showing a diagrammatic representation of a lyre above a drawing of the sacred tetractys.[99]
Pythagoras is credited with having devised the tetractys,[129][130] an important sacred symbol in later Pythagoreanism.[131][132]

Late medieval woodcut from Franchino Gafurio's Theoria musice (1492), showing Pythagoras with bells and other instruments in Pythagorean tuning[144]







Dante Alighieri's description of Heaven in his Paradiso incorporates Pythagorean numerology.[306]