妙趣橫生或小題大作或寧拙寧巧的愚人/智者？ 魯布·戈德堡機器/「畢達哥拉斯裝置」「畢達哥拉斯開關」：Rube Goldberg’s Greatest Machine Is His Legacy
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George Rhoads' kinetic art sculptures, such as Archimedean Excogitation (pictured), share many elements with Rube Goldberg machines.喬治·羅茲 (George Rhoads) 的動態藝術雕塑，例如阿基米德的“Excogitation”（如圖），與魯布·戈德堡機器有許多共同的元素。
義大利—義大利文藝復興時期的藝術家和科學家達文西描述了一種類似鬧鐘的裝置，它利用緩慢滴落的水填滿一個容器，然後透過槓桿來喚醒睡眠者。
日本 — 這種裝置通常被稱為「畢達哥拉斯裝置」或「畢達哥拉斯開關」。 PythagoraSwitch（ピタゴラスイッチ，Pitagora Suicchi）是一部以此類設備為特色的電視節目的名稱。另一個相關流派是日本的珍玩藝術，其涉及理論上有用但實際效用有限的發明。
魯布·戈德堡最偉大的機器是他的遺產
漫畫家戈德堡先生去世幾十年後，藝術家和工程師們仍然從他那些古怪的發明中找到了創作靈感。作者：Sam Corbin
2024 年 4 月 22 日
打開罐頭最簡單的方法是什麼？面對這個問題，大多數人會建議使用開罐器。然而，藝術家魯布·戈德堡 (Rube Goldberg) 認為，使用高爾夫球桿、跳華爾茲的老鼠和一隻不滿的寵物龍可以更好地完成這項任務，寵物龍噴火會點燃放在封閉罐子前面的焊槍。簡單的。
這種處理日常事務的方法在戈德堡先生 2013 年出版的作品集《魯布·戈德堡的藝術》的前言中有所總結。
戈德堡先生半開玩笑地提出了這樣的發明，或者用他曾經的話來說，是「毫無進步意義的諷刺性表現」。即便如此，令人驚訝的是，他的遺產似乎也像其中之一一樣發揮作用，在各個方向引發精心設計的混亂。
Rube Goldberg’s Greatest Machine Is His Legacy
Decades after Mr. Goldberg, a cartoonist, died, artists and engineers have found creative inspiration in his outlandish inventions.
What’s the simplest way to open a can? Faced with this question, most would suggest a can opener. The artist Rube Goldberg, however, believed the task could be better accomplished using a golf club, waltzing mice and a disgruntled pet dragon whose fire-breathing would light a welding torch positioned in front of the closed can. Simple.
This approach to everyday tasks was summarized in the introduction to “The Art of Rube Goldberg,” a collection of Mr. Goldberg’s work that was published in 2013. “These are things that need doing,” the introduction, written by Adam Gopnik, reads, “but they don’t need this much doing.”
Mr. Goldberg was half-kidding with such inventions, or “satirical representations of progressive nothing,” as he once called them. Even so, it is uncanny to observe how his legacy seems to function like one of them, setting off precisely engineered chaos in every direction.
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Rube Goldberg’s Greatest Machine Is His Legacy
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A Rube Goldberg machine, named after American cartoonist Rube Goldberg, is a chain reaction–type machine or contraption intentionally designed to perform a simple task in an indirect and (impractically) overly complicated way. Usually, these machines consist of a series of simple unrelated devices; the action of each triggers the initiation of the next, eventually resulting in achieving a stated goal.
The design of such a "machine" is often presented on paper and would be impossible to implement in actuality. More recently, such machines have been fully constructed for entertainment (for example, a breakfast scene in Pee-wee's Big Adventure) and in Rube Goldberg competitions.
Origin
- 1.looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar."outlandish, brightly coloured clothes"
- 2.archaicforeign or alien."three wise, outlandish kings"
In revisiting the cartoons of Mr. Goldberg that inspired the competition, it becomes difficult to ignore the wartime context that looms over them. Indeed, although Mr. Goldberg, who died in 1970, has become synonymous with mechanized tomfoolery, the cartoon that eventually earned him a Pulitzer Prize was pure political commentary. He won in 1948 for a single panel titled “Peace Today,” which featured a family perched on the top of an atomic bomb teetering perilously at the edge of a cliff labeled “World destruction.”
If Mr. Goldberg’s original drawings served as satire for a heavily industrialized society, their contemporary analogues nearly a century later might be seen as responses to the detritus of that society, which suffered the economic and social effects of emphasizing efficiency above the human spirit. Jan Hakon Erichsen, a performance artist based in Norway whose destructive chain-reaction contraptions receive millions of views on social media, has even begun to see himself as part of the joke.
在重溫戈德堡先生激發這場比賽的漫畫時，我們很難忽視這些漫畫中所體現的戰爭背景。確實，儘管 1970 年去世的戈德堡先生已經成為機械化愚蠢行為的代名詞，但最終為他贏得普立茲獎的漫畫卻是純粹的政治評論。 1948 年，他憑藉一幅名為“今日和平”的單幅畫作榮獲此獎，畫中描繪了一個家庭危險地棲息在原子彈頂端，搖搖欲墜地站在標有“世界毀滅”字樣的懸崖邊上。
如果戈德堡先生最初的繪畫是對高度工業化社會的諷刺，那麼近一個世紀後的當代類似作品則可能被視為對這個社會殘餘的回應，這個社會因強調效率而忽視人類精神，從而遭受了經濟和社會影響。挪威行為藝術家揚·哈孔·埃里克森 (Jan Hakon Erichsen) 的破壞性連鎖反應裝置在社交媒體上獲得了數百萬的點擊量，他甚至開始將自己視為笑話的一部分。
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